Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae and it is primarily transmitted via Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The life cycle of DENV includes attachment, endocytosis, protein translation, RNA synthesis, assembly, egress, and maturation. Recent researches have indicated that a variety of host factors, including cellular proteins and microRNAs, positively or negatively regulate the DENV replication process. This review summarizes the latest findings (from 2014 to 2016) in the identification of the host factors involved in the DENV life cycle and Dengue infection.
Recent studies have declared that members of the ssDNA virus family Microviridae play an important role in multiple environments, as they have been found taking a dominant position in the human gut. The aim of this study was to analyze the overall composition of the gut virome in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, and try to discover the potential link between the human gut virome and CHD. Viral metagenomics methods were performed to detect the viral sequences in fecal samples collected from CHD inpatients and healthy persons as controls. We present the analysis of the virome composition in these CHD patients and controls. Our data shows that the virome composition may be linked to daily living habits and the medical therapy of CHD. Virgaviridae and Microviridae were the two dominant types of viruses found in the enteric virome of CHD patients. Fourteen divergent viruses belonging to the family Microviridae were found, twelve of which were grouped into the subfamily Gokushovirinae, while the remaining two strains might represent two new subfamilies within Microviridae, according to the phylogenetic analysis. In addition, the genomic organization of these viruses has been characterized.
An emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus named Zika virus (ZIKV), of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus, is becoming a global health threat. ZIKV infection was long neglected due to its sporadic nature and mild symptoms. However, recently, with its rapid spread from Asia to the Americas, affecting more than 30 countries, accumulating evidences have demonstrated a close association between infant microcephaly and Zika infection in pregnant women. Here, we reviewed the virological, epidemiological, and clinical essentials of ZIKV infection.
<正>Dear Editor,Anelloviruses,which are all single-strand circular DNA viruses,have extremely heterogeneous genetic features.To date,the family Anelloviridae is divided into 11genus,and the most dominated species include torque teno virus(TTV),torque teno mini virus(TTMV)and 相似文献
The relationship between the Filaggrin gene (FLG) rs2065955 polymorphism and susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) and EBV-negative gastric carcinoma (EBVnGC) was investigated in Shandong Province, China. We detected the FLG rs2065955 genotype and allele distribution by using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 64 EBVaGC, 82 EBVnGC, and 111 normal control samples. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the level of FLG protein in 35 EBVaGC and 51 EBVnGC tumor tissues. Compared with normal controls, the genotype CC and allele C of FLG rs2065955 showed higher frequency in EBVaGC and EBVnGC. There was no significant difference between EBVaGC and EBVnGC in allele distribution of FLG rs2065955, but the genotype CC was found more frequently in EBVaGC than in EBVnGC. The risk of developing either EBVaGC or EBVnGC in genotype CC was higher than in other genotypes. Furthermore, genotype CC of FLG rs2065955 may contribute more to the risk of developing EBVaGC than EBVnGC. There was no significant difference in the expression level of FLG protein between EBVaGC and EBVnGC. In conclusion, the FLG rs2065955 polymorphism was significantly related to gastric carcinoma. Allele C of FLG rs2065955 could be a risk factor for EBVaGC or EBVnGC, while genotype CC of FLG rs2065955 was especially associated with EBVaGC.
Aquareovirus species vary with respect to pathogenicity, and the nonstructural protein NS80 of aquareoviruses has been implicated in the regulation of viral replication and assembly, which can form viral inclusion bodies (VIBs) and recruit viral proteins to its VIBs in infected cells. NS80 consists of 742 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa. Interestingly, a short specific fragment of NS80 has also been detected in infected cells. In this study, an approximately 58-kDa product of NS80 was confirmed in various infected and transfected cells by immunoblotting analyses using α-NS80C. Mutational analysis and time course expression assays indicated that the accumulation of the 58-kDa fragment was related to time and infection dose, suggesting that the fragment is not a transient intermediate of protein degradation. Moreover, another smaller fragment with a molecular mass of approximately 22 kDa was observed in transfected and infected cells by immunoblotting with a specific anti-FLAG monoclonal antibody or α-NS80N, indicating that the 58- kDa polypeptide is derived from a specific cleavage site near the amino terminus of NS80. Additionally, different subcellular localization patterns were observed for the 22-kDa and 58-kDa fragments in an immunofluorescence analysis, implying that the two cleavage fragments of NS80 function differently in the viral life cycle. These results provide a basis for additional studies of the role of NS80 played in replication and particle assembly of the Aquareovirus.
<正>Dear Editor,Rift Valley fever(RVF)is an anthropozoonosis caused by Rift Valley fever virus(RVFV).RVFV belongs to the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae,which is circulating among ruminants.Human infection with RVFV is generally asymptomatic,however,minority of patients develop severe RVF diseases like encephalitis or 相似文献
Hantaviruses are comprised of tri-segmented negative sense single-stranded RNA, and are members of the Bunyaviridae family. Hantaviruses are distributed worldwide and are important zoonotic pathogens that can have severe adverse effects in humans. They are naturally maintained in specific reservoir hosts without inducing symptomatic infection. In humans, however, hantaviruses often cause two acute febrile diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In this paper, we review the epidemiology and epizootiology of hantavirus infections worldwide.
正Dear Editor,Since April 2010,an outbreak of a new disease has elicited symptoms of high fever,loss of appetite,and reduction in egg production in layer ducks in eastern China;this phenomenon has now spread throughout China(Cao et al.,2011;Su et al.,2011).The causative agent of the disease was identified as Tembusu virus(TMUV),which was classified into the genus Flavivirus, 相似文献
<正>Dear Editor,Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the genus Hepacivirus within the Flaviviridae family.HCV causes chronic liver diseases,and185 million people are infected(Messina et al.,2015).Currently,there is no approved vaccine to prevent hepatitis C.HCV induces autophagy through elevating reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels via the unfolded 相似文献
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects approximately 180 million people worldwide. Significant progress has been made since the establishment of in vitro HCV infection models in cells. However, the replication of HCV is complex and not completely understood. Here, we found that the expression of host prion protein (PrP) was induced in an HCV replication cell model. We then showed that increased PrP expression facilitated HCV genomic replication. Finally, we demonstrated that the KKRPK motif on the N-terminus of PrP bound nucleic acids and facilitated HCV genomic replication. Our results provided important insights into how viruses may harness cellular protein to achieve propagation.
正Dear Editor,Akabane virus(AKAV),an orthobunyavirus,is transmitted primarily by biting midges and is widely distributed throughout the world except the Europe.AKAV was first isolated from mosquitoes in Japan(Oya et al.,1961).Although pregnant cows,ewes,and goats infected with AKAV exhibit no clinical signs of disease,in utero infections result in abortion,premature birth,stillbirth,and 相似文献
<正>Dear Editor,The main limitation of the viral pathogenesis study of human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV)is the absence of animal model owing to the narrow host tropism of both EBV and KSHV.Murine gammaherpesvirus 68(MHV68)encodes several genes involved in 相似文献
正Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV)causes infectious bursal disease,a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease that affects young chickens and causes economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide.IBDV replicates mainly in actively dividing B lymphocytes within the bursa of Fabricius(BF),leading to immunosuppression in affected flocks(Mahgoub et al.,2012).Viral protein 2(VP2),the only structural component of the IBDV 相似文献
<正>Dear Editor,Acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)is a complex syndrome often caused by polioviruses.While most countries have eradicated wild polioviruses by vaccination,AFP still remains a health problem in these countries.Most studies have highlighted non-polio enteroviruses(NPEVs)as 相似文献
<正>Dear Editor,Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV)is a newly identified viral pathogen of the genus Phlebovirus in the family Bunyaviridae(Sun et al.,2012).SFTSV was first identified from patient serum samples in China(Li et al.,2013;Ning et al.,2015).SFTSV can cause a severe hemorrhagic fever-like disease with a reported case fatality rate ranging from 2.5% 相似文献
