南蝠海南岛分布新纪录、回声定位信号和ND1分析

2007年11月于海南省保亭黎族苗族自治县毛感乡网捕到5只蝙蝠标本.形态特征及线粒体DNAND1基因序列的研究证实其为蝙蝠科南蝠属南蝠(Ia io),该物种为海南岛翼手目新纪录.本文详述了海南岛南蝠的形态与回声定位信号特征,并与该物种已报道的数据进行了比较.     

Genetic and biochemical analyses of yeast RNase MRP

RNase MRP cleaves the yeast pre-rRNA at a site in internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and this cleavage can be reproducedin vitro by the highly purified enzyme. Two protein components (Pop1p and Pop2p) have been identified which are common to yeast RNase MRP and RNase P. Moreover, purified RNase P can also cleave the pre-rRNA substratein vitro, underlining the similarities between these particles. Genetic evidence suggests that RNase MRP functionally interacts with the snoRNPs which are required for other pre-rRNA processing reactions.Abbreviations pre-rRNA ribosomal RNA precursor - snoRNA small nucleolar RNA - snoRNP small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle     

Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 by synthetic precursor Ia of lipid A

Abstract Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) induces the production of mediators of inflammation, which exerts pathophysiological effects such as fever or shock in mammals. In the present study we have investigated the modulation of LPS by the synthetic non-active tetraacylated precursor Ia of lipid A (compound 406) in the induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo). PBMC stimulated with LPS released TNF in a concentration dependent manner. Release of biologically active TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 was first detectable 4 h after LPS stimulation. Compound 406 alone in all concentrations tested did not induce TNF, IL-1 or IL-6 release, intracellular TNF or IL-1β, or mRNA for TNF or IL-1. Added to PBMC 1 h before LPS compound 406 enhanced or suppressed TNF release and suppressed IL-1 and IL-6 release depending on the ratio of concentrations between stimulator (LPS) and modulator (compound 406). In contrast to LPS stimulation alone TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 release in presence of compound 406 was delayed and first detectable after 6 to 8 h. Compound 406 was able to suppress LPS-induced intracellular TNF and IL-1β in PBMC. Added to PBMo 1 h before LPS it totally inhibited the production of mRNA for TNF and IL-1. When added to PBMC 1 h after LPS, TNF release was suppressed in a concentration-dependent way and release of biologically active TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 could again be detected for the first time after 4 h. Compound 406 was not able to inhibit phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced TNF and IL-1 release in PBMo which suggests that its modulating effect is LPS-specific. This study provides evidence that the modulating effect of compound 406 on the LPS induction of TNF, IL-, 1 and IL-6 could be due to competitive binding.     

甘肃河西地区西门塔尔杂交类群NGB基因第3外显子的遗传变异研究

旨在对甘肃河西的临泽、甘州、武威、金昌、高台5个地区283头西门塔尔杂交类群NGB基因第3外显子的遗传多态性及变异特征进行系统分析,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了283头西门塔尔杂交类群NGB基因第3外显子和部分内含子的多态性,且对群体内各等位基因进行了测序。结果显示,5个地区西门塔尔杂交类群共检测出5个等位基因(A、B、C、D、E),表现为5种基因型(AA、AB、AC、AD、AE)。其中甘州、武威、金昌西门塔尔杂交类群NGB基因均只检测到AA、AB 2种基因型,高台西门塔尔杂交类群检测到AA、AE 2种基因型,临泽西门塔尔杂交类群检测到AA、AB、AC、AD 4种基因型。A等位基因和AA基因型的频率在5个群体中最高,为优势基因和优势基因型。对不同SSCP带型的对应片段进行测序分析,共发现6个核苷酸突变位点(75 bp C→T,78 bp C→G,128 bp G→A,214 bp G→A,232 bp C→T,233 bp G→A),其中第75 bp和第78 bp处的突变位点位于内含子区域,其余4处突变位点均位于外显子区域。第214 bp处的核苷酸突变导致甘氨酸(Gly)突变为丝氨酸(Ser),第232 bp处核苷酸突变导致精氨酸(Arg)突变为色氨酸(Trp),第233 bp处核苷酸突变导致精氨酸(Arg)突变为谷氨酰胺(Gln),经χ2检验结果显示,5个地区的西门塔尔杂交类群在此3个突变位点上都处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。群体遗传学分析结果表明,临泽、甘州、武威、金昌、高台西门塔尔杂交类群的多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.0582、0.0196、0.0196、0.0161、0.0159,均属于低度多态(PIC0.25)。     

HLA-A,B antigens Ia-like antigens, and tumor-associated antigens on prostate carcinoma cell lines: serologic and immunochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies

Serologic and immunochemical analysis of the antigenic profile of the 2 human prostate carcinoma cell lines DU-145 and H494 with a battery of monoclonal antibodies has shown that both cell lines express HLA-A,B alloantigens and the 94,000 m.w. tumor-associated glycoprotein recognized by the monoclonal antibody 376.96S. In addition, the cell line H494 unexpectedly expresses Ia-like antigens, which are similar in their antigenic profile and structure to B lymphoid cell derived Ia-like antigens. Both Ia-like antigens and tumor-associated antigens can function as targets of cell-dependent lysis mediated by the corresponding monoclonal antibodies.     

The chemistry and immunochemistry of blood group A, B, H, and Lewis antigens: Past, present and future

This article traces reseach on the chemistry and immunochemistry of blood group A, B, H, and Lewis antigens from early work on the identification of soluble sources of these antigens, through the elucidation of the structures of the carbohydrate epitopes responsible for these specificities, to recent work on exploring their possible use as cancer vaccines. The various approaches used in the isolation of oligosaccharides from mucins for use in structural studies are discussed, as are recent efforts in the chemical systhesis of blood group-active oligosaccharides.     

Tissue distribution of ia antigens: Ia on spermatozoa,macrophages, and epidermal cells

Direct cytotoxic tests and absorption studies demonstrated thatI-region associated antigens (Ia) are not restricted to lymphocytes. Ia was found on spermatozoa, macrophages, and on epidermal cells, whereas Ia was absent from brain, liver, kidney, and fibroblasts. The possible biological meaning of these observations is discussed.     

Murine leukemia cell hybrids: The quantity of TL antigens expressed by parental and hybrid cells fails to correlate with their sensitivity to TL antibody and complement

The quantity of thymus-leukemia (TL) antigens expressed by murine leukemia cells is significantly greater than that expressed by somatic hybrids of such cells. Based upon the results of ¹²⁵I-lactoperoxidase labeling and antibody absorption procedures, and corrected for size differences between the two cell types, the quantity of TL antigens expressed by RADA-1 cells, a radiation-induced murine leukemia cell line of strain A/J mice, is approximately 5.0 times greater than that of somatic hybrids of RADA-1 and LM(TK)^? cells. LM(TK)^? cells are a thymidine kinase-deficient TL(-) mouse fibroblast cell line. The quantity of TL antigens expressed is related only in part to their susceptibility to lysis by TL antibodies and guinea pig complement (GPC). RADA-1 cells resist lysis. The quantity of TL antigens expressed by RADA-1 cells is analogous to that formed by nonneoplastic thymocytes obtained from F₁ hybrids of two strains of TL(+) and TL(-) mice; cells from both strains are sensitive to TL antiserum and GPC. ASL-1 cells, a spontaneously occurring leukemia cell line of A/J mice, express TL antigens in significantly higher quantities than any of the cell types examined. Exposed to TL antisera, the quantity of TL antigens of ASL-1 cells, but not that of hybrid cells, gradually diminishes. ASL-1 cells convert over a 6-h period of exposure to antibody and guinea pig complement (GPC) resistance; hybrid cells remain sensitive. However, ASL-1 cells converted to TL antibody and GPC resistance continue for a time to express TL antigens in quantities similar to that of sensitive F₁ thymocytes and resistant RADA-1 cells. RADA-1 X LM(TK)^? hybrid cells, which are sensitive to TL antibodies and GPC, express the lowest quantities of TL antigens of any of the cell types examined. It is likely that differences in the quantities of TL antigens expressed by different cell lines reflect genetic mechanisms controlling TL antigen expression. The failure of TL antisera to affect the quantities of TL antigens expressed by hybrid cells is taken as an indication that genetic controls governing antigen expression may be distinguished from those involved in regulating responsiveness to specific antiserum.     

Lymphocyte antigens in Norwegian goats: serological and genetic studies

Altogether, 292 goat alloantisera were screened for antilymphocyte reactivity in a two-step dye exclusion microcytotoxicity test. Fifteen different lymphocyte antigen specificities were characterized by cluster analysis and absorption studies. The specificities were designated N1-N15 (N for Norwegian). Lymphocytes from 247 Norwegian dairy goats were tested. Each animal displayed from none to four of the characterized specificities. Lysostrip testing and family studies indicated that the specificities N1-N14 were coded for by multiple alleles belonging to at least two closely linked loci. It is suggested that these loci are part of the caprine major histocompatibility complex. Family studies gave strong evidence that the specificity N15 was not coded for by genes located in the same region as the other 14 specificities. Absorption studies showed that this specificity was located on both lymphocytes and erythrocytes.     

Antigen-induced blastogenesis of salmon, Salmo saluv L., head kidney leucocytes to modified Aeromonas salmonicida antigens: a preliminary evaluation method for potential vaccine antigens

Various Aeromonas salmonicida antigen preparations were tested in an antigen-induced blasto-genesis assay on the kidney leucocytes of Atlantic salmon. The ECP antigens that had been particularized onto polystyrene beads were the most effective in control fish, and this was further enhanced in fish thymectomized 1 week prior to the assay. The use of this assay for screening potential vaccine antigens is discussed.     

Immunization of mice against infection with Taenia taeniaeformis using various antigens prepared from eggs,oncospheres, developing larvae and strobilocerci

Rajasekariah G. R., Rickard M. D. and Mitchell G. F. 1980. Immunization of mice against infection with Taenia taeniaeformis using various antigens prepared from eggs, oncospheres, developing larvae and strobilocerci. International Journal for Parasitology10: 315–324. Antigens were collected during in vitro incubation of oncospheres, 3-week-old larvae and strobilocerci of T. taeniaeformis. Supernatants of these in vitro products centrifuged at 500 g contained antigens which stimulated a significant degree of protective immunity when injected into mice. However, centrifugation of the strobilocercus preparation at 4500 g yielded supernatants which failed to induce immunity. Suspensions of eggs and oncospheres disrupted by sonication stimulated a high level of immunity as also did 4500 g supernatants of the sonicated preparations. Centrifugation of sonicated oncospheres at 100,000 g yielded a supernatant which stimulated significantly less immunity than the 4500 g supernatant, although the protective capacity was not totally abolished. The pellet from 100,000 g centrifugation of sonicated oncospheres induced almost absolute immunity. These results are consistent with the suggestion that the ‘functional’ antigens in the preparations tested may initially be membrane-associated or particulate in nature and that sonication causes partial solubilization. Supernatants prepared from homogenised strobilocerci and centrifuged at 4500 g also stimulated protective immunity and presumably contain soluble antigens. No evidence is available to suggest whether or not the strobilocercus antigens which stimulated protective immunity are identical to those found in oncospheral preparations. Immunity was stimulated by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections of antigen and both Freund's complete adjuvant and Bordetella pertusiss vaccine were effective as adjuvants. Using sonicated oncospheres, a high level of immunity was stimulated without the use of adjuvant.     

Erythrocyte antigens in Norwegian goats: serological and genetic studies.

Goat alloantisera and bovine blood typing reagents were used to characterize eight erythrocyte antigen specificities in Norwegian goats by cluster analysis, absorption and family studies. Most of the goat sera were produced by injecting dams once or twice with blood cells or blood from their own kids. The characterized specificities were designated N1-N8. The two specificities N5 and N8 were recognized both by goat alloantisera and by reagents against the bovine factors E'1 and E'2 (N5) and I (N8), which are allelic factors in the bovine B-system. In goat families, the two specificities also behaved as alleles. Consequently, the locus or gene system coding for these specificities was called the B-system of goats. The six other erythrocyte antigens were provisionally assigned to six separate loci. In addition, a bovine anti-sheep R factor reagent reacted with cells from 3.3% of the goats tested, whereas a monoclonal antibody against the Forssman antigen reacted with all the goats tested.     

Rat MDC family of proteins: Sequence analysis,tissue distribution,and expression in prepubertal and adult rat testis

An increasing number of sequence-related, cysteine-rich membrane proteins containing metalloproteinase-like and disintegrin-like domains (the MDC protein family) have been identified in mammalian tissues. Here, we report the cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding several rat orthologues of this protein family, some of which are found to be expressed exclusively in the male reproductive tract, others exhibiting a broader tissue distribution. We also examine their expression in prepubertal and adult rat testis, which, in conjunction with the data on tissue distribution, form a necessary prelude to further studies aimed at establishing their individual functions. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 48:159–167, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Short,medium and long range transported airborne particles in viability and antigenicity analyses

Summary It is no longer enough that aerobiologists identify pollen grains and fugal spores under the microscope. They are expected to serve as well allergologists, who want to known about the concentrations of various allergens in the air samples, as meteorologists, who need to know about the frequency of primary biological aerosols, which may act in radiative forcing of the atmosphere. Methods utilized by the aerobiologists vary from immunochemical analyses, culture and germination to infecting host plants with certain pathogens. Difficulties to separate between short, medium and long range transport of airborne particles on the basis of their viability are discussed.     

Genetic,phytochemical and biochemical analyses as tools for biodiversity evaluation of wild accessions of Solanum commersonii

Genetic fingerprint profiles, the type and content of glycoalkaloids (GAs) and hemagglutination (HAG) activity against red cells were analysed in accessions of Solanum commersonii, collected from different locations in the south of Uruguay. Thirty-nine accessions from 21 geographically distinct areas were studied. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed a high degree of genetic diversity among the accessions used in the study and effectively discriminated among all of the accessions analysed. There was a very high diversity in the type as well as the concentration of GAs in the samples. Strong HAG activity against rabbit red cells was detected in all the S. commersonii tuber extracts analysed. Such activity was specifically inhibited by N,N′-diacetylchitobiose and N,N′,N″-triacetylchitotriose. Differences in the levels of specific HAG activities were found in the different extracts, which might indicate different levels of the lectin specific for N-acetylglucosamine (Glc-NAc) and its oligomers, in the tubers. It is shown that the three different approaches used in this work successfully discriminate between the accessions of this species and thus, they constitute interesting tools to analyse biodiversity within one species. In addition, they allow selection of those accessions with potential to be used in crop programs.     

Avian developmental antigens: Expression on erythrocytes of chickens,Japanese quail,and quail-chicken hybrids

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used to examine the expression of three erythroid developmental antigen systems in the chicken, Japanese quail, and quail-chicken hybrid. Chicken fetal antigen (CFA), quail fetal antigen (QFA), and chicken adult antigen (CAA) each represent a series of cell-surface glycorproteins associated with the development of avian hematopoietic cells. Monoclonal anti-CFA antibodies from clones 190-4 and 288-1.1.1.2 supernatants were shown to react against epitopes associated with CFA determinants 8 and 2, respectively. Using complement-mediated microcytotoxicity, these reagents permitted the identification of different erythroid subpopulations in the neonatal chicken and hybrid; therefore, heterogeneity in cell surface CFA determinants among mature peripheral erythrocytes should serve as a useful tool for analyzing erythroid development. In the case of CAA, erythrocytes from adult hybrids were found to express the same complement of CAA determinants identified in the chicken, and CAA appeared much earlier in the hybrid than in either of the parental species. Similarly, two species-restricted fetal antigens associated with similar glycoproteins, CFA8 and QFA, had similar developmental profiles in their respective species, the chicken and quail. In contrast, these antigens were dominantly expressed but exhibited different developmental profiles on erythrocytes from the hybrids. While quail-chicken hybrids exhibited apparent genomic interactions in the expression of these developmental antigens, no evidence for the existence of hybrid-specific fetal antigens was obtained.     

FcγR expressed on T-cell hybrids: Specificity,behavior and relationship with Ia antigens

The fine specificity of receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγR) expressed on T-cell hybrids secreting soluble FcγR (sFcγR) which suppresses antibody production, was investigated. FcγR was found to bind IgG from mouse, human, and rabbit species. It reacted with mouse IgG1 and IgG2a but not IgG2b, and human IgG1 and IgG3 but not IgG4. Mouse IgG and their subclasses bound more avidly to FcγR than human and rabbit IgG. FcγR of T-cell hybrids was sensitive to pronase and resistant to trypsin. In kinetics experiments, the behavior of FcγR on the membrane of T-cell hybrids was analyzed and compared to that of I-region-coded antigens expressed on these hybrids. Upon incubation at 37 °C in balanced salt solution (BSS), T-cell hybrids released FcγR into the medium. The reexpression of FcγR, after pronase cleavage or shedding, was complete within 3 hr of incubation in culture medium and required protein synthesis. I-A-coded antigens, present on these hybrids, disappeared simultaneously with FcγR upon incubation of cells at 37 °C in BSS. Within 3 hr of incubation in culture medium, although the reexpression of Fc°R was complete, no Ia antigens could be detected. They were reexpressed later, as tested after 19 hr of culture. During a single growth cycle, the expression of FcγR was maximal during log phase.     

蓖麻杂交种的SSR鉴定及遗传变异分析

采用SSR标记对蓖麻CSR24×CSR181杂交所得的F1种子进行分析,为蓖麻早期杂种鉴定和遗传变异分析奠定技术与理论基础。结果表明:(1)各位点鉴定所得结果基本一致,除RCM207和RC129位点鉴定的杂种率未超过10%外,其它位点的杂种率都十分接近,在13.46%～17.27%之间。(2)少数个体在相关位点发生了变异,在引物RC242的扩增图谱中有4个单株出现了双亲特异条带的缺失,产生了双亲都没有的新条带;在引物Rco23、Rco26、Rco29、RC129、RCM613和RCM999的扩增结果中出现了父本特异条带的缺失,同时产生了一条新条带。(3)多样性及UPGMA聚类分析表明杂交后代遗传变异显著,子代个体与亲本间的遗传相似系数在0.45～1.0之间,个体间差异明显。