Silver nanoparticles improved explant disinfection,in vitro growth,runner formation and limited ethylene accumulation during micropropagation of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - One of the common problems in strawberry (Fragaria?×?ananassa) micropropagation is the vitrification phenomenon (succulent plantlets,...     

Correction to: Efficient in vitro plant regeneration from leaf-derived callus and genetic fidelity assessment of an endemic medicinal plant Ranunculus wallichianus Wight & Arnn by using RAPD and ISSR markers

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - In this study, we developed a repeatable in vitro micropropagation protocol for the medicinal plant Asparagus cochinchinensis, based on indirect...     

Selenium nanoparticles as in vitro rooting agent,regulates stomata closure and antioxidant activity of gerbera to tolerate acclimatization stress

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - The acclimatization stress is responsible for high mortality in tissue cultured plants, which significantly reduces micropropagation efficiency. In...     

Morphological,physiological, anatomical and histochemical responses of micropropagated plants of Trichosanthes kirilowii to hydroponic and soil conditions during acclimatization

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Acclimatization of tissue cultured plants to greenhouse or field conditions is the final and most crucial step of micropropagation. Hydroponic system...     

Sodium nitroprusside enhances callus induction and shoot regeneration in high value medicinal plant Canscora diffusa

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - In different countries, mostly in EU, rules for strawberry nursery propagation impose the use of micropropagation only to produce stock virus free...     

Genomic alterations in coding region of tissue culture plants of Coffea arabica obtained through somatic embryogenesis revealed by molecular markers

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - In coffee, the micropropagation technique can be efficiently used in mass multiplication of superior F1 hybrids which is difficult using the...     

Highly efficient rapid micropropagation and assessment of genetic fidelity of regenerants by ISSR and SCoT markers of Solanum khasianum Clarke

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - An efficient method of rapid micropropagation of Solanum khasianum Clarke was successfully established from the leaf, petiole, and nodal explants. The...     

The effect of humic acid (HA) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPS) on in vitro regeneration of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Quntar

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation still faces many problems, such as reduced growth and development of callus, low multiplication...     

The effect of cytokinins on shoot proliferation,biochemical changes and genetic stability of Rhododendron ‘Kazimierz Odnowiciel’ in the in vitro cultures

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Shoot proliferation is a very important micropropagation phase, decisive for economic efficiency of this method for a given taxon. To obtain a high...     

Micropropagation and ex vitro rooting of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - An effective pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) micropropagation system was developed involving rapid axillary bud proliferation and ex vitro rooting. The...     

Meta-topolin and liquid medium mediated enhanced micropropagation via ex vitro rooting in Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - An advanced micropropagation protocol has been developed for the global spice crop Vanilla planifolia using meta-topolin [mT, 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)...     

Continuous culture of suspended plant cells

Summary Continuous culture is an attractive research tool in physiologic and growth and production kinetics research. However, fulfillment of the basic assumptions of continuous culture in the experimental set-up may cause problems. The homogeneity of plant cell cultures and effluent, particularly, may cause problems. This paper presents an experimental set-up which solves these problems and describes the use of this equipment in a study of the growth kinetics of plant cells. Industrial application of the continuous culture of plant cells in the production of secondary metabolites seems to be profitable when compared with batch or fed-batch cultures. However, various problems such as uncoupled product formation and strain instability make fed-batch culture a better choice. Presented in the Session-in-Depth Batch Production and Fermentation at the 1991 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture, Anaheim, California, June 16–20, 1991.     

Optimizing culture medium ingredients and micrografting devices can promote in vitro micrografting of cut roses on different rootstocks

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Tissue culture and micrografting techniques are known as effective procedures to produce healthy rose rootstocks and high quality scions. In order to...     

Carbendazim as an alternative plant growth regulator in tissue culture systems

Summary Carbendazim is the fungitoxic ingredient of different fungicides. In our experiments it was used as a supplement to stage II (multiplication) media for the micropropagation ofCordyline terminalis andPrunus avium. The product can be autoclaved without any loss of activity and there is no degradation of the product over a normal culture period of 32 days. WithC. terminalis andP. avium no phytotoxic effect was revealed up to 160μg/ml. ForC. terminalis shoot height was reduced and the number of shoots smaller than 15 mm increased significantly. Presented in the Session-in-Depth Novel Plant Growth Regulators at the 1992 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture, Washington, DC, June 20–25, 1992.     

Culture selected somaclonal variants showing low-ODAP and high protein content in nineteen grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - To develop low-ODAP grass pea genotypes with high protein content, in vitro tissue culture techniques were used for inducing somaclonal variation...     

Application of bioreactors for large-scale micropropagation systems of plants

Summary The application of bioreactor culture techniques for plant micropropagation is regarded as one of the ways to reduce production cost by scaling-up and automation. Recent experiments are restricted to a small number of species that, however, demonstrate the feasibility of this technology. Periodic immersion liquid culture using ebb and flood system and column-type bubble bioreactors equipped with a raft support system to maintain plant tissues at the air and liquid interface were found to be suitable for micropropagation of plants via the organogenic pathway. Balloon-type bubble bioreactors proved to be fit for micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis with less shear stress on cultured cells. Several cultivars of Lilium were successfully propagated using a two-stage culture method in one bioreactor. A large number of small-scale segments were cultured for 4 wk with periodic immersion liquid culture to induce multiple bulblets from each segment, then the bulblet induction medium was changed into bulblet growth medium by employing a submerged liquid bioreactor system. This culture method resulted in a nearly 10-fold increase in bulblet growth compared to conventional culture with solid medium. About 20 000 cuttings of virus-free potato could be obtained from 120 singlenode explants in a 20-liter balloon-type bubble bioreactor after 8 wk of culture. The percentage of ex vitro survival and root induction of the cuttings was more than 95%. Other successful results were obtained from the micropropagation and transplant production of chrysanthemum, sweetpotato, Chinese foxglove. Propagation systems via somatic embryogenesis in Acanthopanax koreanum and thornless Aralia elata were established using a liquid suspension of embryogenic determined cells. More than 500 000 somatic embryos in different stages were harvested from a 10-liter balloon-type bubble bioreactor after a 6-wk culture. Further development of these embryos in solid medium and eventually in the field was successful. The bioreactor system could reduce initial and operational cost for micropropagation, but further development of sophisticated technology might be needed to apply this system to plant micropropagation industries.     

In what situations isin vitro culture appropriate to plant conservations?

Variousin vitro techniques are available for plant propagation, including seed germination, micropropagation, meristem culture and callus culture. The role of these techniques in the conservation of endangered plants is discussed, using examples drawn from the work of the Micropropagation Unit at Kew.     

Betalain producing cell cultures ofBeta vulgaris L. var. bikores monogerm (red beet)

Summary The betalains are a class of natural pigments comprising the yellow betaxanthins and the violet betacyanins. Callus lines developed fromBeta vulgaris, L. var. bikores monogerm exhibited cell colors ranging from white/green (nonpigmented) through yellow, orange, red, and violet and were representative of all betalain pigments found in the whole plant. The betalains have gained particular interest from the food industry as potential natural alternatives to synthetic food colorants in use today. Red beet extracts (E162), which contain significant amounts of the betacyanins, are currently used in products such as yogurts and ice creams. We describe here the characteristics of culture growth and betalain production for cell suspensions derived from the orange (predominantly betaxanthin-producing) and violet (betacyanin producing) callus lines. The major factors affecting betalain biosynthesis in both cultured and whole plant tissues are reviewed. Presented in the Session-in-Depth Batch Production and Fermentation at the 1991 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture, Anaheim, California, June 16–29, 1991.     

The use of thidiazuron in tissue culture

Summary Thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N’-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea) was first reported to have cytokinin activity in 1982. Since then, thidiazuron has been used successfully in vitro to induce adventitious shoot formation and to promote axillary shoot proliferation. Thidiazuron is especially effective with recalcitrant woody species. Shoot numbers produced on medium containing thidiazuron are equivalent to or greater than numbers initiated on medium with purine-type cytokinins. Low concentrations of thidiazuron (0.0022 to 0.088 mg/liter) are effective for micropropagation. Prolonged exposure to thidiazuron should be avoided, as this may cause hyperhydricity, abnormal shoot morphology, or problems in rooting. Presented in the Session-in-Depth Novel Plant Growth Regulators at the 1992 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture, Washington, D.C., June 20–25, 1992.     

Genetic manipulation of microspores and microspore-derived embryos

Summary Recent advances in plant cell and molecular biology have furthered the genetic manipulation of many plant species and advanced the options for crop improvement. Among the many targets for genetic manipulation, microspores offer several unique advantages: they are haploid, single-celled, and highly synchronized. In many plant species microspores develop into haploid embryos, and eventually haploid and doubled haploid plants, after in vitro anther or microspore culture. This induced in vitro developmental pathway of microspores, termed microspore embryogenesis, can be used to recover individual homozygous plants from microspores and microspore-derived embryos after genetic manipulation such as mutagenesis and gene transfer. The highly efficient microspore embryogenesis system inBrassica napus has been used successfully to obtain various mutants after microspore mutagenesis, and to achieve gene transfer mediated byAgrobacterium tumefaciens. Presented in the Session-in-Depth In Vitro Gametophyte Biology at the 1991 World Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture held in Anaheim, California, June 16–20, 1991.