刺槐谷蛾的研究(鳞翅目:谷蛾科)

刺槐谷蛾Hapsifera barbara(Christoph)在中国为新记录。七十年代初,在山东部分刺槐林内发生成灾。幼虫蛀食刺槐树干和主枝皮层,受害部位膨大变形,严重者整株枯死。鉴于国内首次发现并造成危害,我们于1971—1973年对成虫形态、生物学及防治方法进行了研究。经英国谷蛾科专家G.S.Robinson博士鉴定为鳞翅目、谷蛾科Tineidae, Hapsifera barbata(Christoph)(孙渔稼,1984)。 国内分布于山东,辽宁等省;国外分布于苏联远东,日本本州、四国。 日本森内茂博士将其视做朽木昆虫,末见有危害健康林木的报道。七十午代初,在山东省泰安市徂徕山林场、宁阳县高桥、中皋和部分社队林场刺槐林发生成灾。幼虫主要危     

中国隐斑谷蛾属一新种(鳞翅目:谷蛾科)

隐斑谷蛾属Crypsithyris全世界已知38种,其中5种分布于中国。本文记述了采自湖南、贵州和江西的1新种:锯隐斑谷蛾Crypsithyris serrata Xiao et Li,sp.nov.(Figs.1～3)。新种与分布日本的Crypsithyris japonica Petersen et Gaedike和Crypsithyris saigusai Gaedike相似,主要区别如下:新种前翅暗褐色,具1大的椭圆形透明斑以及沿后缘具1赭白色纵带;抱器瓣近矩形,末端斜直;抱器背基突大,W形;阳茎约与囊形突等长,两侧具数个锯齿。后2种前翅乳白色,具1模糊的透明斑,在透明斑外侧有1暗斑;抱器瓣基半部宽于端半部,末端尖或钝圆;抱器背基突窄并相连成桥;阳茎明显长于囊形突且两侧无锯齿。模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。     

中国新纪录的谷蛾(鳞翅目,谷蛾科)

记述了华南谷蛾科1新纪录亚科聪谷蛾亚科Harmacloninae Davis,1998(中文名源于其共同衍征,第2腹节上具鼓膜状听器)及该亚科的模式属聪谷蛾属Harmaclona Busck,1914,进而记述了1新纪录种潜孔聪谷蛾Harmaclona tephramtha(Meyrick,1916)(中文名源于其生物学特性-幼虫在山檨子属植物Buchanania Roxb.的原木上钻孔,成儿英寸长的隧道,营潜生生活),以及中国谷蛾科Tineidae Latreille,1810谷蛾亚科Tineinae Latreille,1810 1新纪录属户鞘谷蛾属Phereoeca Hinton et Bradley,1956(中文名源于其模式种的英文通用名"household casebearer")及该属的模式种户鞘谷蛾Pherepeca uterella(Walsingham,1897).研究标本保存于湖南农业大学昆虫研究所.     

中国新纪录纵纹谷蛾属(鳞翅目,谷蛾科)记述

首次报道了纵纹谷蛾属Amorophaga Zagulajev,1968及日本纵纹谷蛾A.japonica Robinson,1986在中国的分布.首次描述了日本纵纹谷蛾雌性个体,简要讨论了该种抱器瓣及爪形突的变异,并提供了成虫及外生殖器图.日本纵纹谷蛾Amorophaga japonica Robinson,1986中国新纪录(图1～7)本种与A.cryptophori外形上相似,但可根据雌雄外生殖器特征进行区分:本种雄性外生殖器爪形突基部不特化,小叶末端具2或3枚小刺突,抱器瓣背缘具1粗指状小叶,不达抱器瓣末端,雌性外生殖器第8背板后缘不特化;而A.cryptophori雄性外生殖器爪形突基部特化形成l对形似颚形突的突起,小叶末端不具刺突,抱器瓣背缘具1宽叶,超过抱器瓣末端,雌性外生殖器第8背板后缘特化,形成三叶状结构.研究标本:1 ♂,江西上饶三清山(28°93′N,118°09′E;海拔389 rn),2012-05-15,李锦伟采,玻片号YLL12129;1 ♂,浙江清凉峰龙塘山(30°07′N,118°51′E;海拔500 m),2012-05-22,杨琳琳、张振国采,玻片号YLL12113m,YLL12113w;1 ♂,福建武夷山三港(27°45′N,117°41′E;海拔740 m),2004-05-19,于海丽采,玻片号MYH11006;1 ♂,1♀,广东连州大东山(24°46′N,112°41′E;海拔650m),2004-06-21,张丹丹采,玻片号XYL08043m,YLL11046f.分布:中国(浙江、福建、江西、广东);日本.     

中国谷蛾新纪录属黑地谷蛾属和新纪录种短黑地谷蛾种内变异研究(鳞翅目,谷蛾科,地谷蛾亚科)(英文)

记述我国地谷蛾亚科Meessiinae1新纪录属——黑地谷蛾属Epactris Meyrick,1905及1新纪录种——短黑地谷蛾E.alcaea Meyrick,1924。首次记述了该属外生殖器特征,并研究和讨论了短黑地谷蛾的雌性外生殖器变异。研究标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。     

中国聪谷蛾亚科研究

记述聪谷蛾亚科Harmacloninae 2属2种,其中聆谷蛾属Micrerethista Meyrick,1938及齿聆谷蛾M.denticulata Davis,1998为中国首次报道.文中提供了成虫及外生殖器图.     

中国太宇谷蛾属分类研究(鳞翅目,谷蛾科)(英文)

记述中国太宇谷蛾属Gerontha Walker10种,其中有4新种:拟华太宇谷蛾G.similihoenei sp.nov.,喙太宇谷蛾G.rostriformis sp.nov.,梯缘太宇谷蛾G.trapezia sp.nov.,褶太宇谷蛾G.rugulosa sp.nov.和3新纪录种:暹罗太宇谷蛾G.siamensis Moriuti,1989(图7,17～18)、清迈太宇谷蛾G.nawapuriensis Moriuti,1989(图8,19)、钻太宇谷蛾G.borea Moriuti,1977(图9,20).首次发现和报道了弯茎太宇谷蛾Gerontha flexura Huang et al .(图6,15-16)和暹罗太宇谷蛾G.siamensis Moriuti的雌性个体.文中给出了所有中国种的检索表.研究标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室.     

中国鳞刺蛾属订正(鳞翅目,刺蛾科)(英文)

经过系统研究,发现我国的鳞刺蛾并不是一直被称为的眼鳞刺蛾Squamosa ocellata(Moore),共有2种和1亚种.首次报道了姹鳞刺蛾S.chalcites Orhant在我国有分布,描述了1新种,短爪鳞刺蛾S.brevisunca和1新亚种,云南亚种S.brevisunca yunnanensis.本文还描述了云南亚种的茧和老熟幼虫形态,编制了分种和亚种检索表,提供了成虫彩色照片和外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所国家动物博物馆.     

中国线波纹蛾属研究及二新种一新亚种记述(鳞翅目,钩蛾科,波纹蛾亚科)

研究了中国线波纹蛾属Wernya Yoshimoto,1987,记述2新种,巨钩线波纹蛾W.hamigigantea sp.nov.,曲线波纹蛾W.cyrtoma sp.nov.,中国1新纪录种及其1新亚种,灰褐线波纹蛾海南亚种W.griseochrysa hainanensis subsp.nov.;修订了纽线波纹蛾W.thailandica Yoshimoto,1987在中国分布的亚种;取消了W.solena(Swinhoe,1894)和W.punctata Yoshimoto,1987在中国的分布记录。给出中国线波纹蛾属7种2亚种的检索表。     

中国地谷蛾亚科一新属三新种(鳞翅目,谷蛾科)

记述我国地谷蛾亚科Meessiinae 1新属:骨斑地谷蛾属Maculiscleritica gen.nov.,及3新种:三角骨斑地谷蛾M.triangulidens sp.nov.,弯刺骨斑地谷蛾M.curvispinea sp.nov.和截齿骨斑地谷蛾M.truncatidens sp.nov,.提供新种成虫外形、翅脉和雌雄外生殖器特征图及分类检索表.模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室.     

Resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin, ketolide, and oxazolidinone antibiotics

Macrolides have enjoyed a resurgence as new derivatives and related compounds have come to market. These newer compounds have become important in the treatment of community-acquired pneumoniae and nontuberculosis-Mycobacterium diseases. In this review, the bacterial mechanisms of resistance to the macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin, ketolide, and oxazolidinone antibiotics, the distribution of the various acquired genes that confer resistance, as well as mutations that have been identified in clinical and laboratory strains are examined.     

Conjugates of abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, ethylene, gibberellins, and jasmonates

Phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, and jasmonates, are involved in all aspects of plant growth, and developmental processes as well as environmental responses. However, our understanding of hormonal homeostasis is far from complete. Phytohormone conjugation is considered as a part of the mechanism to control cellular levels of these compounds. Active phytohormones are changed into multiple forms by acylation, esterification or glycosylation, for example. It seems that conjugated compounds could serve as pool of inactive phytohormones that can be converted to active forms by de-conjugation reactions. Some conjugates are thought to be temporary storage forms, from which free active hormones can be released after hydrolysis. It is also believed that conjugation serves functions, such as irreversible inactivation, transport, compartmentalization, and protection against degradation. The nature of abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, gibberellin, and jasmonate conjugates is discussed.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Earth, sky, wind, and weather

This paper seeks to understand what it means to live 'in the open'. It begins with an account of experiments that test whether children have acquired a scientifically correct understanding of the shape of the earth, according to which people live all around on the outside of a solid sphere. This understanding cannot accommodate the phenomenon of the sky, in relation to which the earth can appear only as the ground of human habitation. James Gibson's ecological approach to perception offers a possible alternative, depicting earth and sky as complementary hemispheres. Yet for Gibson, this earth-sky can be inhabited only insofar as it is furnished with objects. To that extent, it ceases to be open. Drawing on elements of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, it is argued that in the open world persons and things relate not as closed forms but by virtue of their common immersion in the generative fluxes of the medium – in wind and weather. Fundamental to life is the process of respiration, by which organisms continually disrupt any boundary between earth and sky, binding substance and medium together in forging their own growth and movement. Thus to inhabit the open is not to be stranded on the outer surface of the earth but to be caught up in the transformations of the weather-world.     

Treatment-resistant depression: definition,prevalence, detection,management, and investigational interventions

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is common and associated with multiple serious public health implications. A consensus definition of TRD with demonstrated predictive utility in terms of clinical decision-making and health outcomes does not currently exist. Instead, a plethora of definitions have been proposed, which vary significantly in their conceptual framework. The absence of a consensus definition hampers precise estimates of the prevalence of TRD, and also belies efforts to identify risk factors, prevention opportunities, and effective interventions. In addition, it results in heterogeneity in clinical practice decision-making, adversely affecting quality of care. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have adopted the most used definition of TRD (i.e., inadequate response to a minimum of two antidepressants despite adequacy of the treatment trial and adherence to treatment). It is currently estimated that at least 30% of persons with depression meet this definition. A significant percentage of persons with TRD are actually pseudo-resistant (e.g., due to inadequacy of treatment trials or non-adherence to treatment). Although multiple sociodemographic, clinical, treatment and contextual factors are known to negatively moderate response in persons with depression, very few factors are regarded as predictive of non-response across multiple modalities of treatment. Intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine (co-administered with an antidepressant) are established as efficacious in the management of TRD. Some second-generation antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, quetiapine XR) are proven effective as adjunctive treatments to antidepressants in partial responders, but only the olanzapine-fluoxetine combination has been studied in FDA-defined TRD. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is established as effective and FDA-approved for individuals with TRD, with accelerated theta-burst TMS also recently showing efficacy. Electroconvulsive therapy is regarded as an effective acute and maintenance intervention in TRD, with preliminary evidence suggesting non-inferiority to acute intravenous ketamine. Evidence for extending antidepressant trial, medication switching and combining antidepressants is mixed. Manual-based psychotherapies are not established as efficacious on their own in TRD, but offer significant symptomatic relief when added to conventional antidepressants. Digital therapeutics are under study and represent a potential future clinical vista in this population.     

(M,R)-systems, (P,M,C)-nets, hierarchical decay, and biological aging: reminiscences of Robert Rosen

I have the pleasure to present a number of personal experiences that I had with Robert Rosen, both as his student and as a research colleague, and I will describe how this affected my academic career over the past decades. As a matter of fact, Rosen's work with (M,R)-systems as well as his continuing mentorship guided me into my own research in gerontology and geriatrics. Amazingly, this still continues to affect my work in complexity theory after 30 years.     

Loosdrecht Lakes,origin, eutrophication,restoration and research programme

The Loosdrecht Lakes area is briefly described, light has been shed on its morphology, history, the process of eutrophication with its concomitant phenomena, as well as the planned restoration and research programme.     

Pain, paradox, and value

The author argues that "as soon as one begins to study the understanding and management of pain in science, human medicine, and veterinary medicine, one begins to encounter a variety of apparent paradoxes." He contends that these paradoxes, ten of which he identifies and discusses in this essay, are based on flawed philosophical and valuational assumptions underlying science and medicine. Rollins concludes that, as social morality increasingly has an impact on science, a new ideology will evolve that is more receptive to the moral universe and more capable of a "coherent vision of pain, one which acknowledges that the medical notion of adequacy of anaesthesia is as much a moral as a scientific one."     

Membranes,viruses, detergents,and endosomes

The fluid mosaic model for biological membranes was formulated 40 years ago. Ten years later endosomes were discovered as important prelysosomal organelles. At the outset of my research career, I was fortunate to witness both these turning points in biochemistry and cell biology from close up, and to participate in some of the studies. In this short essay, I will describe how this came about, and also try to provide some background as to the general starting situation in those not so distant pioneering years of membrane biology.