Correlation between the synthetic activity of lymphocytes and the intensity of neutron radiation near the Earth surface

The synthetic activity of lymphocytes from rat and ground squirrel was assessed for correlation with the rate of neutron radiation about the Earth surface. In the periods 1999–2002 for rats and 2002–2003 for ground squirrels, significant positive correlation was obtained with the neutron flux incident on Earth and the overall “terrestrial neutron field” but not with the neutron efflux from Earth. No correlation was observed in 2005–2006 when the solar activity and the variation in neutron count were minimal. It is concluded that low-energy neutrons may be bioeffective in periods of substantial variation in flux intensity.     

Relationship between natural killer (NK) activity and eosinophil, neutrophil and lymphocyte level in human blood

Natural Killer (NK) activity by blood lymphocytes from healthy males was determined in 4-h-51Cr release assay with K562 target cells. Individuals with a high ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes had a significantly lower NK activity compared with that of those with a low ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes. On the other hand, no correlation of NK activity with absolute lymphocyte count was observed. Eosinophilia in blood was found to be accompanied by increased NK activity. Some biological aspects of these interdependences are discussed.     

Changes in fluorescence spectral characteristics of blood nuclear cells by the action of physical factors associated with 11- and 22-year cyclic variations in solar activity

A correlation between the functional (synthetic) activity of animal blood lymphocytes and the intensity of radiation of the Sun at a frequency of 2800 MHz in 2000 and 2002 was studied. The results were compared with the data obtained in 1993 and 1994. These data suggest that there are seasonal regularities in the interrelationship of the processes studied. A change in the sign of the correlation coefficients at the maximum of the 23rd solar cycle was shown. Possible mechanisms of the phenomena are discussed.     

Effects of estradiol and progesterone on the variability of the micronucleus assay

To investigate chromosomal radiosensitivity of lymphocytes the micronucleus (MN) assay has been used for many years. The results of these studies suggest the use of the MN assay as a biomarker for cancer predisposition. However, the MN assay has still some limitations associated with the reproducibility and sensitivity. Especially a high intra-individual variability has been observed. An explanation for this high intra-individual variability is not yet available. In literature it is suggested that the high variability among females is attributable to hormonal status. In this study we investigated if the high intra-individual variability in micronucleus formation in lymphocytes of females after in vitro exposure to ionising radiation is caused by variations in hormone levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PROG). For this, the MN assay was performed on blood samples of 18 healthy women during 7 consecutive weeks while the estradiol and progesterone levels were determined at the same time. The MN assay was also examined in cultures of isolated blood lymphocytes with estradiol or progesterone levels added in vitro. The results demonstrated that estradiol and progesterone levels have no influence on the variations in radiation-induced MN yields observed in blood samples of healthy women. These conclusions were confirmed by the "in vitro" experiments as no correlation between the MN yields and the concentrations of hormones (estradiol or progesterone) added in vitro to isolated lymphocytes cultures was observed.     

In situ lymphophagocytosis by nonlymphoreticular neoplasms

Lymphophagocytosis by nonlymphoreticular neoplasms has been observed. Twenty cancer patients having either adenocarcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma were the subjects of our study. Malignant cells were found to phagocytize autologous lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and red blood cells (RBCs). Papanicolaou smears from cancer patients revealed that 30% (6/20) of the patients had phagocytic malignant cells in situ, the mean phagocytosis for this group was 3.7%. Different cellular elements showed differences in their susceptibility towards phagocytic activity of tumor cells: 2.6% for lymphocytes, 0.7% for PMNs and 0.4% for RBCs. The patients having phagocytic malignant cells showed complete absence of monocytes in their peripheral blood. In contrast, other patients had peripheral blood monocyte percentages within the limits of control values (7.2). However, there was no correlation between development of phagocytic activity of malignant cells and age and sex of patients or type of tumor. This study further confirms that phagocytic activity of nonlymphoreticular neoplasms is a general phenomenon which can be directed against erythroid elements. In addition, we have demonstrated that these tumor cells also phagocytize autologous leukocytes.     

HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against alveolar macrophages in HIV-infected patients

A CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration of the lungs is frequently observed in HIV-infected patients, even prior to the onset of opportunistic infections. In such patients, we could demonstrate that most of these CD8+ alveolar T lymphocytes displayed the D44 marker and were functional cytolytic T lymphocytes directed against autologous HIV-infected alveolar macrophages. This primary cytolytic activity was HLA-restricted and, at least partially, specific for the HIV envelope protein, since HLA-A2 alveolar T lymphocytes could specifically lyse cell lines expressing both the HLA-A2 and Env antigens. In contrast to data obtained in peripheral blood, no ADCC activity was observed against the Env antigen.HIV-specific alveolar T-lymphocyte cytolytic activity decreased with progression towards AIDS as shown by studies of a serie of 40 patients.Functional abnormalities of the lung epithelium could be associated with the specific lysis of alveolar macrophages, suggesting that local tissue injury could result from the in vivo immune conflict between alveolar HIV-specific CTL and HIV-infected macrophages.     

The effect of Leu- and Met-enkephalins on the adenosine deaminase and 5'-nucleotidase activities of the lymphocytes under conditions of stress stimulation of metastasis

A correlation between changes of the hypothalamic mediator processes, hormone level in blood plasma, catecholamines and their catabolites in urine and changes of the activity of adenosine metabolism enzymes in the thymus and the spleen lymphocytes has been observed in C57B1 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Effect of leu- and met-enkephalines on neuroendocrine stress-realizing mechanisms proved to be different, that is responsible for their contrary effect on the metastatic growth--leu-enkephaline inhibits and met-enkephaline stimulates the process. It has been shown that an inhibitory effect of leu-enkephaline is greatly related to its stimulating influence on the thymus lymphocyte activity and a decrease of the functional activity of the spleen lymphocytes.     

Variations in the intensity of solar neutrinos as a problem for physical chemistry

A comparison of variations in the solar neutrino flux in Brookhaven measurements with solar activity indices clearly shows that the neutrino flux is controlled by surface solar processes. These processes can lead to changes in the efficiency of registrations of the neutrino flux. From this view point, the results of the measurements of the neutrino flux on the Brookhaven detector in 1970-1994 (108 runs) were analyzed. It was found that the neutrino flux depends on the heliogeophysical situation. The well known anticorrelation between the neutrino flux and Wolf numbers is observed only for odd cycle of solar activity. A similar regularity occurs for critical frequencies of E-ionosphere. By contrast, the correlation between the neutrino flux and the Ap-index is observed only for the even activity cycle. The predominance of the sign of radial component of the interplanetary magnetic field in the last 7-14 days of exposure has the greatest effect on the neutrino flux (this sign changes as the sign of the total magnetic field of the Sun changes). In short runs, the neutrino flux changes more than threefold. The conclusion is made that variations of the solar neutrino flux are falcious. These fictitious variations are caused probably by the action of very low-frequency electromagnetic emissions of the magnetosphere upon the substance of the target and the technology of the extraction of 37Ar atoms from perchloretylene.     

Anti-intercellular substance antibody log titres are correlated with serum concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-15 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with Pemphigus vulgaris relationships with peripheral blood neutrophil counts, disease severity and duration and patients' age

Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare dermatosis of autoimmune origin, characterized by autoantibodies directed against intercellular substance (AICS) and presenting with intra-epidermal blisters and/or erosions of the skin and mucous membranes. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationships between serum AICS titers (after log transformation) and: patients' age, disease duration and disease activity; serum cytokine (IL-6, IL-7, IL-15 and TNF-alpha) concentrations and peripheral blood cell counts (namely neutrophils, lymphocytes and natural killer cells). Fifteen consecutive subjects affected with PV were enrolled. Diagnosis was supported by histological examination as well as by direct and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Cytokine determinations were made by means of commercially available ELISA kits. This study shows for the first time that AICS titers have a significant correlation with age of PV patients (R=0.57, p=0.031) and with the disease duration (R=0.73, p=0.002). A correlation between blood neutrophils count and log (AICS) titres was observed (R=0.6, p=0.021). Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between log (AICS) titres and serum IL-15 (R=0.54, p=0.048), serum IL-6 (R=0.53, p=0.05) or serum TNF-alpha concentrations (R=0.53, p=0.05). These data, taken together, show that there are several connections between the log (AICS) titres, some proinflammatory cytokines, peripheral blood neutrophil counts and the numbers of individuals' lesions, suggesting a relationship between AICS production and lesion development.     

Activity of beta-glucuronidase in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with cancer of the larynx.

In 20 untreated male patients with cancer of the larynx, aged 35 to 55 years, the significant increase in the absolute count of beta-glucuronidase-positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was examined by means of the cytochemical method of Hayashi et al. (1964). The increase was due to an elevated absolute count of lymphocytes exhibiting the granular-diffuse and the diffuse enzymatic reaction; no significant changes were observed with regard to lymphocytes with the granular type of reaction. The authors discuss the significance of their observations for the evaluation of lymphocyte immune response against tumour specific antigens in patients with cancer of the larynx.     

裂变中子照射狗血清集落刺激因子的变化

利用体外半固体琼脂培养骨髓粒单系祖细胞的方法测定狗血清中集落刺激因子(CSF)活力。狗受1.3、1.7和2.0Gy裂变中子照射后1～15d,受照射动物血清CSF持续上升。2.0Gy照射动物死前血清CSF活力可为照射前7～20倍。1.3Gy及1.7Gy照射活存狗照射后13～30d CSF活力直线下降。γ线3.5和2.5Gy照射狗早期血清中CSF活力变动呈波动性,5～10d后持续上升的幅度也不如中子照射动物。 实验结果证明,血清CSF活力和外周血白细胞数的变化呈负相关。本文对中子照射动物血清CSF活力升高的机理和CSF在中子照射动物造血恢复中的意义进行了探讨。     

Ultrastructure, metabolism and performance of white blood cells during development of the immune response and the effect of glucocorticoids on it. I. Effect of immunization on the number and submicroscopic structure of lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood of rabbits

As a result of immunization and reimmunization with bovine serum albumin there was a change of the number and correlation of various morphologically identifyable species of lymphocytes in the blood of rabbits. Regular submicroscopic changes in the nucleus and organoids of the cytoplasm pointing to increased functional activity of these cells were revealed at the ultrastructural level in many circulating lymphocytes belonging to various populations.     

Response of the human body to heliogeophysical disturbanes

A correlation between variations in the medical parameters and the heliogeophysical indices describing physical processes during solar storms was established. It was proposed that one of the reasons for the biotropic effects observed is rheological shifts of human blood during enhancement of solar activity. The influence of heliogeophysical disturbances on the rheological properties of blood was investigated.     

Selected zinc metabolism parameters in relation to insulin, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and blood pressure in healthy subjects

The relationship between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and insulin concentration and selected zinc (Zn) metabolism parameters and arterial blood pressure in young healthy subjects of both sexes is presented in this study. The following parameters were measured: systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, total and ouabain-dependent efflux rate constants of Zn from lymphocytes, serum and lymphocyte Zn concentrations, serum aldosterone, angiotensin-converting enzyme, insulin, sodium and potassium concentrations, body mass index, and plasma rennin activity. The correlations among these parameters show gender-dependent differences, except for a negative correlation between serum Zn and ouabain-dependent Zn efflux rate constant and the serum level of angiotensin-converting enzyme, and a positive relationship between the total efflux rate constant of Zn from lymphocytes and the serum aldosterone levels, both of which were gender independent. The results led us to conclude that there is a gender-independent functional relation between Zn homeostasis and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Insulin does not appear to play a significant role in Zn homeostasis.     

Biological activity in the human system of isotype variants of oligosaccharide-Y-specific murine monoclonal antibodies

Summary The capacity of isotype variants of BR55-2, an anti-tumor monoclonal antibody directed against Y oligosaccharide, to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in the human system was evaluated using freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and complement. The ADCC activities of the BR55-2 IgG3 isotype and its switch variants (IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a) with human monocytes were high for all isotypes, whereas the activity of all isotypes was lower with freshly isolated lymphocytes, IgG1 being the least effective. The CDC on the other hand was strong with IgG3, IgG2b and IgG2a and negative with the IgG1 variant. The IgG3 and IgG2a isotypes were selected for further development. Their strong ADCC and CDC activity against mammary carcinoma, colon carcinoma and small-cell lung tumor cell lines was confirmed quantitatively using proteins highly purified from tissue-culture supernatants. Significant variations in ADCC and CDC competence was observed among human donors.This work was supported by grants CA 10 815, CA 25 874 and CA 21124 from the National Institutes of Health     

Mitogen induction of deoxyuridine triphosphatase activity in human T and B lymphocytes

Deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase; deoxyuridine diphosphohydrolase; EC 3.6.1.23) activity during mitogen stimulation was investigated in human T-cell and B-cell enriched mononuclear leucocyte fractions as well as in a mixed lymphocyte population. The dUTPase activity was very low in the resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. A remarkable enhancement of enzymatic activity was observed when cells were stimulated with different mitogens; T-cells and non-separated lymphocytes with phytohaemagglutinin, and the B-cell enriched fraction with pokeweed mitogen. There was a positive correlation between dUTPase activity and the enhancement of macromolecule synthesis (protein and RNA). In particular, a highly significant correlation was observed between dUTPase activity and DNA synthesis in the three human lymphocyte populations studied. This supports the view that the enzyme dUTPase may have a significant role in cellular proliferation. The physiological role of the enzyme is discussed.     

Changes in the blood immunological indices of newborn infants as affected by T-activin in vitro

T-activin, introduced into the culture of mononuclear cells obtained from the blood of healthy newborn infants, does not induce any essential changes in the levels of E-, Ea- and EAC-rosette-forming cells. An overwhelming majority of healthy infants has shown a decrease in the functional activity of lymphocytes in the blast transformation test in response to the optimal dose of ConA and an increase in their functional activity in response to the suboptimal dose of this mitogen. After stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, both the increase of the stimulation index and its decrease have been observed in an equal number of cases. The introduction of the preparation into the culture of mononuclear blood cells isolated from newborn infants with sepsis leads to a considerable increase in the detection rate of Ea-rosette-forming cells with a tendency to an increase in that of E- and EAC-rosette-forming cells. The final values of the stimulation indexes, no matter what the mitogens used, are in conformity with the values characteristic of the normal parameters for healthy newborns, due to a specific pattern of changes in the T-lymphocyte functional activity in the blast-transformation test.     

Fluxes and metabolic pools as model traits for quantitative genetics. I. The L-shaped distribution of gene effects

The fluxes through metabolic pathways can be considered as model quantitative traits, whose QTL are the polymorphic loci controlling the activity or quantity of the enzymes. Relying on metabolic control theory, we investigated the relationships between the variations of enzyme activity along metabolic pathways and the variations of the flux in a population with biallelic QTL. Two kinds of variations were taken into account, the variation of the average enzyme activity across the loci, and the variation of the activity of each enzyme of the pathway among the individuals of the population. We proposed analytical approximations for the flux mean and variance in the population as well as for the additive and dominance variances of the individual QTL. Monte Carlo simulations based on these approximations showed that an L-shaped distribution of the contributions of individual QTL to the flux variance (R(2)) is consistently expected in an F(2) progeny. This result could partly account for the classically observed L-shaped distribution of QTL effects for quantitative traits. The high correlation we found between R(2) value and flux control coefficients variance suggests that such a distribution is an intrinsic property of metabolic pathways due to the summation property of control coefficients.     

食管癌患者放射治疗中照射体积和时间与外周血淋巴细胞绝对值的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探究照射体积和时间与食管癌患者外周血淋巴细胞绝对值的相关性。方法：本研究方案将纳入2019年1月~2019年12月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院放疗科收治的放疗或同步放化疗食管癌患者84例,其中单独放疗患者24例,同步放化疗患者60例,采用血液细胞分析仪测定患者放疗期间每周复查外周血白细胞（WBC）、中性粒细胞（N）、淋巴细胞（L）、血红蛋白（HB）及血小板（PLT）计数等指标。Pearson相关性分析照射时间、剂量及体积与外周血指标之间的相关性。结果：食管癌放疗患者,包括同步放化疗及单纯放疗亚组,在治疗1-6周,照射时间与外周血指标均无相关性（P>0.05）。但在放疗第5-6周,患者放疗剂量与WBC、N、L、HB呈负相关（P<0.05）,同步放化疗亚组患者照射剂量与WBC、N、L、HB呈负相关（P<0.05）。在治疗1-4周,不同照射剂量下各梯度照射剂量对应照射体积与外周血指标均无相关性（P>0.05）。但在第5-6周时,患者不同梯度照射剂量下各照射体积与WBC、N呈负相关（P<0.05）,同时在20Gy-60Gy照射剂量,尤其20Gy和30Gy照射剂量下照射体积与L呈负相关（P<0.05）。同步放化疗亚组患者不同照射剂量下各照射体积与WBC、N呈负相关（P<0.05）,同时在20Gy-60Gy照射剂量下照射体积与L呈负相关（P<0.05）,而且在60Gy照射剂量下照射体积与HB呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论：放疗患者特别是同步放化疗亚组患者照射体积、照射剂量与食管癌患者外周血淋巴细胞计数成负相关,基线淋巴细胞与食管癌患者外周血淋巴细胞计数成正相关,而照射时间与食管癌患者外周血淋巴细胞计数无相关性。     

A romatic DNA adduct levels in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and total white blood cells by 32P postlabelling: need for validation

Long lived lymphocytes tend to have higher 32P postlabelling measured levels of adducts than short lived granulocytes in environmental and life style associated i.e. smoking exposures. With the aim of investigating this issue for occupational exposure to PAH and contributing to further validation of some technical aspects of the 32P postlabelling assay, two Italian laboratories analysed PAH-DNA adducts from lymphocytes and total white blood cells WBC . Seventy seven blood samples from coke oven workers employed at a steel plant located in Taranto, Southern Italy, and 14 samples from control subjects were collected. At the University of Padua, DNA was purified from peripheral blood lymphocytes PBL . Two years later, at the University of Bari, white blood cells WBC were isolated from replicate blood samples stored at- 80 C and DNA purified by the same method. In both cases, the nuclease P1 modified postlabelling assay was used to determine aromatic DNA adduct levels. The mean adduct levels were 5.13 3.37 Padua and 2.48 1.27 Bari per 108 nucleotides. Both laboratories observed large inter individual variations of adduct levels ranging from 0.09 to 18.93 per 108 nucleotides. Both the correlation and the agreement of the two sets of data were assessed. Slight correlation r = 0.39; p 0.01 and a poor level of agreement were found, the intra class correlation coefficient being equal to 0.05. Better correlation coefficient r = 0.54, p 0.01 and intra class correlation coefficient r = 0.50 were observed comparing only the adduct levels determined on the diagonal zone DRZ . Our findings seem to confirm the same divergence reported in the literature on DNA adduct levels between lymphocytes and granulocytes.