凝集素碎片的糖结合活性

用固相合成法分别合成了羊蹄甲、小扁豆和欧洲百脉根３种植物凝集素中的某些糖结合活性部位的肽段。用毛细管电泳法观察到这些肽段和拟糖蛋白以及寡糖之间有一定的结合能力,而且表现出相对的专一性。     

菊科植物的杀菌活性及其活性成分

本文对菊科16个属———刺苞果属(Acanthospermum)、蓍属(Achillea)、胜红蓟属(Ageratum)、蒿属(Arte-misia)、紫苑属(Aster)、Balsamorhiza、雏菊属(Bellis)、鬼针草属(Bidens)、艾纳香属(Blumea)、天明精属(Carpe-sium)、红花属(Carthamus)、矢车菊属(Centaurea)、茼蒿属(Chrysanthemum)、菊苣属(Cichorium)、秋英属(Cos-mos)、大丽花属(Dahlia)中具有杀菌活性的植物按属的顺序进行了综述.表明在16个属中主要杀菌植物集中在蓍属(Achillea)、胜红蓟属(Ageratum)、蒿属(Artemisia)、天明精属(Carpesium)和矢车菊属(Centaurea)等5个属中,为进一步开展菊科植物资源的植物性杀菌剂研究和开发利用提供参考.     

分离自甘肃天祝五台岭土壤的放线菌拮抗性的初步研究

从甘肃天祝县土壤中分离到的27株放线菌,作为测试放线菌拮抗性的供试茵株.抗菌试验表明,14株放线菌对6株革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌以及白色念殊菌等指示菌有抗性.菌株WTL-4、WTL-20和WTL-26抗菌谱最广,WTL-4能抗3种革兰氏阳性菌,WTL-20能抗革兰氏阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌、革兰氏阴性的沙门氏菌及真菌白色念殊菌,WTL-26能抗革兰氏阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌及革兰氏阴性的沙门氏菌.抗肿瘤试验表明,有8株菌株对肿瘤细胞有抑制作用,其中抑制率在60%以上的菌株占18.5%.对抗肿瘤活性较高的3株菌WTL-4、WTL-14和WTL-15以及没有抗菌和抗肿瘤活性的菌株WTL-27进行了系统发育分析.从系统发育树可以看出,4株菌均属于链霉菌属(Streptomyces).菌株WTL-4与Streptomyces viridochromoqenes的相似性为98%;菌株WTL-14和WTL-15的相似性达到99.2%,它们与S.flavolimosus 174457的相似性达到99.4%;WTL-27与S.mycroflavus的相似性为99%.     

虫草的抗菌抗肿瘤活性研究进展

虫草代谢产物丰富,很多具有抗菌和（或）抗肿瘤活性,有关其生物活性物质的研究受到广泛关注。对有抗菌和（或）抗肿瘤活性研究报道的虫草作了系统总结。     

旱莲草凝血和溶血活性成分的研究北大核心CSCD

研究旱莲草中的凝血和溶血活性物质,为旱莲草的开发和利用提供依据。分离到6个化合物,分别为eclalbasaponinⅠ(1)、eclalbasaponinⅣ(2)、eclalbasaponinⅤ(3)、3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-3-(palmitoyloxy)propoxy)-etrahydro-2H-pyran-yl)methanesul-fonic acid(4)、蟛蜞菊内酯(5)和异去甲蟛蜞菊内酯(6),其中化合物4首次从旱莲草中分离到。体外溶血活性实验表明,化合物2~4具有很强溶血活性,在浓度为0.6μg/mL时,对红细胞的溶解率分别达到(93.52±1.56)%、(82.55±2.72)%和(94.99±0.68)%。体外凝血活性研究表明,化合物5、6具有很强的凝血活性,它们既能直接使红细胞凝聚成团,也能通过先使纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白,再通过纤维蛋白使红细胞凝聚成团。     

30种药用植物提取物杀虫杀菌活性研究

采用微量点滴法和载毒叶片饲喂法测定30种药用植物乙醇提取物对粘虫3龄幼虫的触杀、胃毒以及拒食活性。结果表明,供试样品在50mg·mL-1浓度下均无明显的触杀或胃毒作用,但卡瓦胡椒和川陈皮对试虫有一定的拒食活性,其中卡瓦胡椒24h拒食中浓(AFC50)为4.12mg·mL-1,48h为9.12mg·mL-1。采用抑制菌丝生长速率法和抑制孢子萌发法测定离体杀菌活性的结果表明,供试样品在2mg·mL-1浓度下,卡瓦胡椒和厚朴对供试病原菌均有较强抑制作用。毒力测定结果表明,卡瓦胡椒对玉米大斑病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦根腐病菌、油菜菌核病菌4种病原真菌菌丝生长抑制的有效中浓(EC50)分别为108、258、290、205mg·L-1,厚朴分别为208、331、345、408mg·L-1;卡瓦胡椒对玉米大斑病菌、玉米小斑病菌、烟草赤星病菌3种病原真菌抑制孢子萌发的有效中浓(EC50)分别为155、195、268mg·L-1,厚朴则分别为151、242、241mg·L-1。根据以上结果,我们认为卡瓦胡椒和厚朴的乙醇提取物具有较高的杀菌活性,其有效成分值得进一步研究。     

芝麻素研究进展

芝麻素是存在于芝麻种子和芝麻油中的木脂素类化合物中的一种,已从多种植物中分离出来。芝麻素具有较强的抗氧化活性,在生物体内具有降低血清胆固醇、调节脂质代谢、稳定血压和抗癌等多种生理学活性。本文综述了芝麻素的天然来源、分离检测方法及其生理学活性等方面的研究现状。     

一株抗小鼠乳腺癌和一株有抑菌活性的北极细菌的初步研究

从采自北级的海泥、海水样品中共分离得到101株低温细菌,采用小鼠温敏型乳腺癌tsFT210细胞株和纸片扩散法对其进行了抗肿瘤和抑菌活性筛选,得到抗肿瘤活性细菌1株,抑茼活性菌株8株,并对其中抑菌活性较强的一株细菌AR084的适宜发酵条件、活性物质的稳定性进行了初步研究,确定了其培养条件。报道了北极海洋微生物的抗肿瘤和抑菌活性,且抑菌活性尚未见有报道。由此表明,极地微生物是潜在的活性物质的来源,在基础研究和开发应用方面具有广阔的前景。     

旱莲草凝血和溶血活性成分的研究

研究旱莲草中的凝血和溶血活性物质,为旱莲草的开发和利用提供依据。分离到6个化合物,分别为eclalbasaponinⅠ(1)、eclalbasaponinⅣ(2)、eclalbasaponinⅤ(3)、3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-3-(palmitoyloxy)propoxy)-etrahydro-2H-pyran-yl)methanesul-fonic acid(4)、蟛蜞菊内酯(5)和异去甲蟛蜞菊内酯(6),其中化合物4首次从旱莲草中分离到。体外溶血活性实验表明,化合物2~4具有很强溶血活性,在浓度为0.6μg/mL时,对红细胞的溶解率分别达到(93.52±1.56)%、(82.55±2.72)%和(94.99±0.68)%。体外凝血活性研究表明,化合物5、6具有很强的凝血活性,它们既能直接使红细胞凝聚成团,也能通过先使纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白,再通过纤维蛋白使红细胞凝聚成团。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.