江苏海岸带陆生盐土植物矿质元素含量的特点及生物循环

陆生盐土植物在生长过程中吸收积累了大量的Cl和Na;从海向陆随着土壤和植被的生态演替,植物中Cl和Na的浓度逐渐降低;N与Cl、Na有相似的水平分布规律;植物种类是影响元素吸收积累的主要因素。在盐地碱蓬中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Na、Cl、Mn和Zn的含量均是生长前期较高,随着其生长老化逐渐降低,大穗结缕草、白茅与盐地碱蓬相比,Ca的含量前期低后期高,Na、Mn、Cu和Zn的季节变化不明显。参加盐地碱蓬系统生物循环的元素中,Cl和Na的比例最大,在大穗结缕草和白茅生态系统中比例较小;由于白茅被收割利用,一些元素从此生态系统中流失。     

中国南方生长于不同基质的天然林植物叶片元素含量特征比较

对比中国南方两个热带喀斯特森林、一个热带红树林和来自文献的一个亚热带常绿阔叶林植物叶片元素含量和计量特点。结果表明,受碳酸盐岩的影响,西双版纳和弄岗喀斯特森林植物叶片普遍富含Ca、Mg元素,因岩性差异,含有一定白云岩的弄岗地区的植物富集更多的Mg。西双版纳喀斯特森林存在K、Fe、Na、Zn元素的缺乏状况;由于白云岩矿物成分的特殊性和缓慢的风化速度,弄岗喀斯特植物有更高的叶片K、Zn、S含量。红树林植物富集P、Ca、Mg、Na、S元素,海水环境中大量的离子进入土壤被植物吸收利用,提高了红树的养分含量,并且在高盐环境下Na在叶片中大量富集。但是,红树植物表现缺乏Fe、Si、Zn。亚热带常绿阔叶林植物受酸性土影响大,Mn元素大量富集,P与Na的含量缺乏,并且相比其他生境,常绿阔叶林的N、P、Ca、Mg含量较低。西双版纳和弄岗的喀斯特森林植物叶片N/P比分别为14.27和18.26,说明前者受到N、P的共同限制,后者主要为P限制;红树植物N/P比为13.12,受N限制;常绿阔叶林植物本身严重缺P,N/P比为26.27,表现出明显的P限制。所研究的不同基质上的植物,叶片N与P元素之间均呈显著正相...     

中国志留纪陆生植物研究综述

简要论述中国志留纪陆生植物研究现状,主要特征、在早期陆生植物起源和演化上的意义及今后研究展望.贵州凤冈志留纪Llandovery世晚期Pinnatiramosus qianensis Geng(黔羽枝)具有陆生维管植物的某些重要特征;新疆志留纪Pridoli世晚期植物群中出现了早期陆生维管植物主要类群,显示了陆生维管植物多样性的早期特征;云南志留纪Pridoli世晚期植物的发现有助于对全球植物古地理分区的研究;我国西南地区志留纪具有丰富的微体植物(隐孢子、三缝孢、管状体和表皮等).为早期陆生植物的演化提供了重要化石证据.我国是探寻陆生植物起源、分异和演化的关键地区之一.在志留纪地层中开展早期陆生植物化石的野外和室内工作,能够揭示各时段的陆生植物特征,提出新的观点和演化模式,将推进早期陆生植物起源和系统演化的研究.随着我国志留纪陆生植物化石研究程度的提高,基于有力地层时代证据基础上建立的早期陆生植物组合(主要是微体植物化石组合),将为我国志留系划分和对比提供证据,特别是碎屑岩地区和化石十分稀少的层段.     

乌鲁木齐河源区高寒冰缘植物化学元素的含量特征

分析了乌鲁木齐河源区３５种冰缘植物１６个元素含量的特征,含量〉５０００μｇ／ｇ的元素为Ｃａ,在１０００￣５０００μｇ／ｇ之间的元素有Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｎａ、Ｆｅ,在１０￣２００μｇ／ｇ之间的元素有Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｒ、Ｃｒ、Ｐｂ,含量〈１０μｇ／ｇ的元素有Ｃｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｏ、Ｌｉ、Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ。元素含量特点是Ｃａ〉Ｋ型。大多数冰缘植物的Ｆｅ、Ｓｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｄ的含量高于一般的自然含量,但Ｃｕ的含量低于陆生植物     

鼎湖山南亚热带地区植物的叶片矿质元素

本文分析了64种植物叶片中19种矿质元素的含量,讨论了不同生活型植物对矿质元素的吸收和积累的影响。研究表明:64种植物叶片的19种矿质元素的频数分布呈对数正态分布。不同植被型及生活型,子叶数及光合途径对叶片矿质元素含量和组成有显著的影响。密林植物含较多P和Mg,有较高的微量元素/大量元属比;疏林植物含较多Al和Mn;木本型植物缺Mo;草本型植物积集较多的K、Ca、Si、Mg、P和Ti。草本中的双子叶植物平均矿质元素总量高于单子叶,尤以Ca与B较为明显。单子叶中的C_4植物叶片含较多的Na。     

巴林脐橙叶片元素含量适宜指标研究

生物统计表明：采样地点及年份间的差异对巴林脐橙叶片元素含量有明显的影响;叶片微量元素含量的变异系数均显著高于大量元素。初步提出丰产巴林脐橙叶片元素含量的适宜指标：Ｎ２．８￣３．３,Ｐ０．１４￣０．１８,Ｋ１．４￣２．１,Ｃａ２．０￣４．０,Ｍｇ０．２５￣０．４５,Ｃｕ５￣１８,Ｚｎ２０￣５０,Ｍｎ２０￣１００,Ｆｅ５０￣１６０,Ｂ２５￣１００。上列指标可供营养诊断之参考。     

植物叶片中Rubisco含量的免疫沉淀法测定

Rubisco为光合生物中的关键性酶,对光合作用起重要的调节作用,Rubisco又是植物中重要的氮源贮藏物质。因而Ｒu-bisco的定量测定十分重要,以扬麦为实验材料,提取,纯化Ｒubisco,再以纯化的Ｒubisco为抗原制备Ｒubisco抗体,利用所得抗体采用免疫沉淀技术测定不同植物中的Ｒubisco含量,为Ｒubisco的准确定量测定提供了较简便,快速的方法。     

长江三峡地区优势植物的化学元素含量特征

分析了三峡地区１６种优势植物２０个元素的自然含量特征。〉１０００μｇ．ｇ＾－１的元素有Ｃａ,Ｋ和Ｍｇ,１００－１０００μｇ．ｇ＾－１的元素有Ａｌ,Ｐ,Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ,Ｓ和Ｍｎ,１０－１００μｇ．ｇ．＾－１的元素有Ｎａ,Ｓｒ,Ｚｎ,Ｂ,〈１０μｇ．ｇ＾－１的元素有Ｔｉ,Ｃｕ,Ｎｉ,Ｃｒ,Ｍｏ,Ｃｄ和Ｖ。     

喀喇昆仑、昆仑山地区植物中一些元素的自然含量特征

 本文论述了喀喇昆仑、昆仑山地区87种植物12个元素含量的特征。在含量水平上>10000ppm的元素有K,Ca,800—5000ppm的元素为Na、Mg,Fe、Al,10—100ppm的元素有Ba、Sr、Ti,Mn,V与Be的含量<10ppm。大多数植物Fe、V,Sr的含量高于一般的自然含量。植物中K含量的频数分布呈正态分布,其余元素的频数分布呈对数正态分布。不同植物种元素含量差异较大,Na的变异系数最大,Ca、Mg含量的变异系数最小。同种植物在不同地点元素含量有较大差异,不同植物种差异也不同。如紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)>垫状驼绒藜(Ceratoides compacta)>鼠麴凤毛菊(Saussurea gnaphaloides)。植物中元素含量之间的相关分析表明,Fe、Al,V,Ti之间分别达极显著相关水平。用植物中12个元素的资料,对22种植物进行分类和排序,区分出Na,K型植物和Fe,Al,V,Ba型植物。     

Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China

Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Chinese terrestrial plants was studied based on a national data set including 753 species across the country. Geometric means were calculated for functional groups based on life form, phylogeny and photosynthetic pathway, as well as for all 753 species. The relationships between leaf N and P stoichiometric traits and latitude (and temperature) were analysed. The geometric means of leaf N, P, and N : P ratio for the 753 species were 18.6 and 1.21 mg g(-1) and 14.4, respectively. With increasing latitude (decreasing mean annual temperature, MAT), leaf N and P increased, but the N : P ratio did not show significant changes. Although patterns of leaf N, P and N : P ratios across the functional groups were generally consistent with those reported previously, the overall N : P ratio of China's flora was considerably higher than the global averages, probably caused by a greater shortage of soil P in China than elsewhere. The relationships between leaf N, P and N : P ratio and latitude (and MAT) also suggested the existence of broad biogeographical patterns of these leaf traits in Chinese flora.     

Variation and adaptation in leaf sulfur content across China

中国植物叶片硫含量的空间变异与适应机制 硫是植物生长发育和形态建成所必需的营养元素之一,并在其非生物胁迫抗性和环境适应等方面发挥着重要作用。因此,揭示植物叶片硫含量 (leaf sulfur content, LSC)  的空间变异规律和适应机制,将 有助于我们进一步了解植物的进化机制以及功能元素利用策略。本研究采用统一的采样流程和测试方法,构建了中国80个典型生态系统  (包括31个森林、38个草原和11个荒漠)、2207种植物叶片硫含量的实测数据库,系统地评估了不同植物生长型 (PGFs)和生态系统之间LSC的差异,并探讨了LSC的空间变异规律及其主要环境驱动因素。研究结果表明：(1)中国区域自然植被LSC的变化范围为0.15–48.64 g kg-1,平均值为2.13 ± 0.04 g kg-1。(2)LSC在不同生态系统和植被类型之间存在显著的空间变异特征。尤其发现干旱地区或草本植物的LSC较高。叶片在干旱、低温和强紫外线辐射环境中倾向于积累更多的硫,可能是植物增强胁迫生境抗逆性的重要途径。(3)   温度、降水、辐射、土壤硫含量和干旱的交互作用共同调控着LSC,并解释了其79%的空间变异;而系统发育对LSC空间变异没有显著影响。本研究从中国区域尺度揭示了LSC的空间变异规律,证实LSC在植物应对极端环境的重要作用及其机制,拓展了人们对硫的生物功能的认识。     

荒漠植物红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)叶片元素和水分含量与土壤因子的关系

通过测定中国境内荒漠植物红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)主要分布区21个自然种群407个植株叶片的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量、有机质和叶片含水量,以及不同种群内土壤含水量、可溶性盐分含量、有机质、全氮、全磷含量等土壤理化性状指标,分析不同自然种群红砂叶片元素含量与土壤环境因子之间的关系.研究结果表明,随着不同土壤层含水量的增加,红砂叶片N含量和叶片含水量显著增加,而叶片K含量显著降低.土壤养分含量、可溶性盐分含量与红砂叶片P含量显著正相关,与叶片含水量显著负相关.随着土壤pH值的增加,红砂叶片N含量显著下降,叶片含水量显著增加.说明不同自然种群中红砂叶片养分含量受土壤状况的影响显著,不同土壤理化性状指标对红砂叶片元素含量的贡献显著不同.土壤水分含量是生境中影响红砂叶片特征的最关键因子,而红砂叶片含水量则最易受各种土壤理化性状的影响.生境中土壤含水量对红砂各种元素含量的影响和红砂叶片含水量对不同土壤条件的这种响应模式支持了红砂是一种以提高水分利用效率而适应于极端干旱生境的典型超旱生植物.     

Leaf element concentrations of terrestrial plants across China are influenced by taxonomy and the environment

Aim The productivity, functioning and biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems are strongly affected by leaf element concentrations. Understanding the biological and ecological factors affecting leaf element concentrations is therefore important for modelling the productivity and nutrient fluxes of ecosystems and their responses to global change. The present study aimed to determine how leaf element concentrations are linked to taxonomy and the environment. Location China. Methods The concentrations of 10 leaf elements of 702 terrestrial plant species from different biomes were extracted from publications. The links between environmental variables, taxonomy and leaf elements were analyzed using phylogenetically comparative methods and partial Mantel tests. Results Taxonomy had stronger effects on leaf S and SiO₂ than latitude, explaining 40.2–43.9% of total variation, whereas latitude had stronger effects on leaf N, P, K, Fe, Al, Mn, Na and Ca concentrations, explaining 19.5–52.1% of total variation. Leaf N, S, Al, Fe and Na concentrations were correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP), while leaf N, P and Fe concentrations were correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT). Latitude, MAP and MAT were significantly correlated with the first axis of a principal components analysis (PCA). This first axis was associated with leaf elements involved in protein synthesis and photosynthesis. The other PCA axes, which were not correlated with MAT, latitude and MAP, were associated with leaf elements responsible for cell structure and enzymes. Main conclusions Leaf element concentrations of terrestrial plants in China were correlated with climate, latitude and taxonomy. With the exception of S and SiO₂, the environmental factors were more important in explaining leaf element variation than taxonomy. Therefore, changes in temperature and precipitation will directly affect the spatial patterns of leaf elements and thus the associated nutrient fluxes and ecosystem functioning.     

Features and distribution patterns of Chinese endemic seed plant species

We compiled and identified a list of Chinese. endemic seed plant species based on a large number of published References and expert reviews. The characters of these seed plant species and their distribution patterns were described at length. China is rich in endemic seed plants, with a total of 14 939 species (accounting for 52.1%of its total seed plant species) belonging to 1584 genera and 191 families. Temperate families and genera have a significantly higher proportion of endemism than cosmopolitan and tropical ones. The most primitive and derived groups have significantly higher endemism than the other groups. The endemism of tree, shrub, and liana or vine is higher than that of total species; in contrast, the endemism of herb is lower than that of total species. Geographically,these Chinese endemic plants are mainly distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, southwest China. Species richness and proportion of these endemic plants decrease with increased latitude and have a unimodal response to altitude. The peak value of proportion of endemism is at higher altitudes than that of total species and endemic species richness. The proportions of endemic shrub, liana or vine, and herb increase with altitude and have a clear unimodal curve. In contrast, the proportion of tree increases with altitude, with a sudden increase at～4000 m and has a completely different model. To date, our study provides the most comprehensive list of Chinese endemic seed plant species and their basic composition and distribution features.     

西北油松叶片δ13C特征与环境因子和叶片矿质元素的关系

选取甘肃、宁夏及内蒙古油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)10个天然种群, 通过测定油松叶片稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³C)和元素含量等特征, 分析了油松叶片δ¹³C特征及其与环境气候因子和叶片矿质元素含量之间的关系。研究结果表明, 油松叶片δ¹³C的变化范围在-28.68‰ - -25.02‰之间, 平均值为-26.82‰; 油松叶片δ¹³C值与海拔、经度之间相关性不显著, 与纬度之间呈显著正相关, 与年降水量、年平均温度之间均呈显著负相关, 说明年平均温度和年降水量是决定油松¹³C分馏能力差别及生长的主要限制因子; 叶片元素N、P、K、Si、Ca、Fe含量与δ¹³C值有明显的相关性, 其中叶片N、P、K含量与δ¹³C值显著负相关, Si、Ca、Fe含量与δ¹³C值显著正相关, 可见不同种群间δ¹³C组成差异可反映植物营养元素含量的变化状况。不同生境条件下环境气候因子和矿质元素含量的这种响应模式在一定程度上反映和影响了以油松为建群种和优势种的生态系统的δ¹³C变化特性。     

Latitudinal pattern and the driving factors of leaf functional traits in 185 shrub species across eastern China

Aims To explore the pattern of the leaf functional traits of shrub species along a latitudinal gradient in eastern China and determine the driving factors of leaf trait variation at a large scale.     

六种阔叶树叶片解剖结构特征及其耐旱性比较

以元宝枫、山桃、皂荚、黄栌、迎春、南蛇藤等6种阔叶树为研究对象,对各种类叶片的主要解剖构造特征进行观察和测定,并综合分析它们在控制水分上的能力。结果表明,不同树种控制水分的主要解剖特征各异;应用模糊数学分析,选择角质层厚度、栅/海比值、上、下表皮厚度、气孔的长度等5个指标进行综合评价,6种阔叶树叶片解剖构造在耐旱性上的能力大小排序为:元宝枫>黄栌>山桃>皂荚>南蛇藤>迎春。