基于贝叶斯网潜类模型的高维SNPs分析

采用贝叶斯(Bayesian)网的潜类模型对GAW17高维SNPs数据进行分析,为复杂性状疾病遗传以及基因定位等方面的研究提供新的方法支持。本研究从GAW17提供的包含697个个体22条常染色体的上万个SNP中,随机挑选出1号染色体上12个基因的29个SNPs作为研究对象。按照累计信息贡献率达到95%的原则,应用贝叶斯网潜变量模型选出C1S11408,C1S3201,C1S1786等15个与X0互信息量大的SNPs位点来对研究人群进行分类与解释。结果表明697个个体总的被分为2个潜在类别,各类别的概率分别为0.68和0.32。对两类人群的疾病分布状况进行分析,结果表明二者不一致,第二个类别人群患病率(38.64%)明显高于第一个类别人群(25.99%)(χ2=11.46,P=0.001)。由此可见,两类人群疾病患病率的差别正是由选出的15个SNPs造成的,从而有理由认为这些SNPs为可疑致病位点,为进一步的研究提供明确的思路。     

Measuring and improving the quality of mental health care: a global perspective

Mental disorders are common worldwide, yet the quality of care for these disorders has not increased to the same extent as that for physical conditions. In this paper, we present a framework for promoting quality measurement as a tool for improving quality of mental health care. We identify key barriers to this effort, including lack of standardized information technology‐based data sources, limited scientific evidence for mental health quality measures, lack of provider training and support, and cultural barriers to integrating mental health care within general health environments. We describe several innovations that are underway worldwide which can mitigate these barriers. Based on these experiences, we offer several recommendations for improving quality of mental health care. Health care payers and providers will need a portfolio of validated measures of patient‐centered outcomes across a spectrum of conditions. Common data elements will have to be developed and embedded within existing electronic health records and other information technology tools. Mental health outcomes will need to be assessed more routinely, and measurement‐based care should become part of the overall culture of the mental health care system. Health care systems will need a valid way to stratify quality measures, in order to address potential gaps among subpopulations and identify groups in most need of quality improvement. Much more attention should be devoted to workforce training in and capacity for quality improvement. The field of mental health quality improvement is a team sport, requiring coordination across different providers, involvement of consumer advocates, and leveraging of resources and incentives from health care payers and systems.     

某军校学员心理健康情况调查分析

目的：了解军校学员心理健康状况,为军校心理辅导工作提供理论依据,提高军校教育管理水平,有效预防学员在校期间由于压力、情绪等因素造成的心理问题。方法：使用DXC-6型多项群体心理测评仪,对某军校不同年级1332名学员进行卡特尔16种人格个性因素测验。结果：①1332名被测试学员16PF得分总体呈现”五高三低”。②不同年级的学员在16PF多项因子上得分有差异（P〈0．05）。研究生在C、M、O等因子得分明显高于大三学员,而在A、F、H等得分明显低于大三学员（P〈0．05）;研究生在C因子得分明显高于大四学员（P〈0．05）,F、G、Y2因子得分明显低于大四学员（P〈0．05）,而在A、M、O、H这些因子的得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;大三学员在A、H、X2等得分明显高于大四学员,而在M、O、Q1等得分明显低于大四学员（P〈0．05）。结论：军校学员的整体心理健康水平良好;本科学员（尤其是大三学员）的心理健康水平明显优于研究生;大三的学员在乐群性、敢为性、实验性、忧虑性等方面优于大四学员,和大四学员相比,大三学员更喜欢探索新生事物。     

The social gradient in health: The effect of absolute income and subjective social status assessment on the individual's health in Europe

Using data on individuals aged between 50 and 65 from 6 European countries, this study investigates the effect of absolute income and subjective social status assessment on health in the light of medical evidence indicating that the individual's position in the social hierarchy undermines his/her mental and physical health. The paper shows that individuals’ own income has a positive, but modest effect on health. Importantly, subjective social status assessment has a significant effect on all health measurements. Finally, the results show that individuals from deprived families (when at the age of 14) have poorer physical and mental health.     

WPA guidance on steps,obstacles and mistakes to avoid in the implementation of community mental health care

This paper provides guidance on the steps, obstacles and mistakes to avoidin the implementation of community mental health care. The document is intendedto be of practical use and interest to psychiatrists worldwide regarding thedevelopment of community mental health care for adults with mental illness.The main recommendations are presented in relation to: the need for coordinatedpolicies, plans and programmes, the requirement to scale up services for wholepopulations, the importance of promoting community awareness about mentalillness to increase levels of help-seeking, the need to establish effectivefinancial and budgetary provisions to directly support services provided inthe community. The paper concludes by setting out a series of lessons learnedfrom the accumulated practice of community mental health care to date worldwide,with a particular focus on the social and governmental measures that are requiredat the national level, the key steps to take in the organization of the localmental health system, lessons learned by professionals and practitioners,and how to most effectively harness the experience of users, families, andother advocates.     

A study of tumour growth based on stoichiometric principles: a continuous model and its discrete analogue

In this paper, we consider a continuous mathematically tractable model and its discrete analogue for the tumour growth. The model formulation is based on stoichiometric principles considering tumour-immune cell interactions in potassium (K ⁺)-limited environment. Our both continuous and discrete models illustrate ‘cancer immunoediting’ as a dynamic process having all three phases namely elimination, equilibrium and escape. The stoichiometric principles introduced into the model allow us to study its dynamics with the variation in the total potassium in the surrounding of the tumour region. It is found that an increase in the total potassium may help the patient fight the disease for a longer period of time. This result seems to be in line with the protective role of the potassium against the risk of pancreatic cancer as has been reported by Bravi et al. [Dietary intake of selected micronutrients and risk of pancreatic cancer: An Italian case-control study, Ann. Oncol. 22 (2011), pp. 202–206].     

Order of aging of major human organs or systems and evaluation of health status based on aging

To determine the functional age of an individual, a quantitative system for the assessment of aging status was developed in the present study. A total of 1579 subjects were selected randomly from patients undergoing physical examination. The index of organic mild impairment (IOMI) and IOMI corrected for age (COMI) were calculated. By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the IOMIs of younger and elderly subjects, a cutoff value for COMI of 30% was obtained. About 95% of <30-year-old subjects were healthy. These data suggest that organs and systems reflect the aging status of an individual and may be a useful tool for evaluating health status.     

A cross-sectional study of oral health and oral health-related quality of life among frail elderly persons on admission to a special oral health care programme in Copenhagen City, Denmark

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00486.x
A cross‐sectional study of oral health and oral health‐related quality of life among frail elderly persons on admission to a special oral health care programme in Copenhagen City, Denmark Aim: To describe the oral health and the oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of citizens in Copenhagen City on admission to a specific oral health‐care programme for disabled elderly persons. Further, to analyse how various factors influence the oral health and the OHRQoL among these patients. Methods: A cross‐sectional study of 189 persons (average 85 years) consecutively admitted to a special oral health‐care programme. Clinical data and data from interviews comprising social factors, life‐style, dental visit habits, oral hygiene practices and self‐perceived oral health were collected. A modified index on perceived dysfunction, discomfort and disability due to oral disorders was used. Results: Sixty‐eight per cent had natural teeth, among those 57% had decayed teeth and two out of three wore dentures. Smoking habits influence the number of teeth present and the OHRQoL (p < 0.05) of the patients. Edentulousness, decayed teeth, and presence of dentures did not seem to cause OHRQoL problems, while higher OHRQoL scores (more problems) were reported by those with 1–9 teeth and tooth mobility. Conclusion: OHRQoL of these patients can be increased by removal of loose teeth and provision of dentures to those with very few teeth rather than focus on traditional caries treatment.     

基于GIS与RS的漳江口红树林湿地生态系统健康评价

以漳江口红树林湿地为研究对象,选取2005、2011、2015及2017年Google Earth影像为基础数据源,基于土地覆盖数据构建红树林湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系,结合压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型及生态系统健康指数,探究红树林湿地生态系统健康状况的时空分异特征及影响因素.结果表明:(1) 2005-2017年漳江口红树林湿地生态系统健康状况呈恶化趋势,健康等级由亚健康转变为一般,其中压力、响应健康状况大幅下降,状态健康状况略微改善;(2) 2005-2017年研究区各子区域间健康状况存在明显差异,前阶段(2005-2011年)健康指数从大到小依次为西部>中部>东部>北部>南部,后阶段(2015-2017年)健康指数从大到小依次为东部>中部>西部>北部>南部;(3)海平面上升、互花米草入侵、水产养殖池与网箱养殖扩增及海堤建设等是研究区湿地生态系统健康恶化的主要原因,同时保护区的建设及多种保护措施的实施对湿地生态系统健康维持具有积极作用.     

Effects of public health educational campaigns and the role of sex workers on the spread of HIV/AIDS among heterosexuals

This paper presents a sex-structured model for heterosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS in which the population is divided into three subgroups: susceptibles, infectives and AIDS cases. The subgroups are further divided into two classes, consisting of individuals involved in high-risk sexual activities and individuals involved in low-risk sexual activities. The model considers the movement of individuals from high to low sexual activity groups as a result of public health educational campaigns. Thus, in this case public health educational campaigns are resulting in the split of the population into risk groups. The equilibrium and epidemic threshold, which is known as the basic reproductive number (R0), are obtained, and stability (local and global) of the disease-free equilibrium is investigated. The model is extended to incorporate sex workers, and their role in the spread of HIV/AIDS in settings with heterosexual transmission is explored. Comprehensive analytic and numerical techniques are employed in assessing the possible community benefits of public health educational campaigns in controlling HIV/AIDS. From the study, we conclude that the presence of sex workers enlarges the epidemic threshold R0, thus fuels the epidemic among the heterosexuals, and that public health educational campaigns among the high-risk heterosexual population reduces R0, thus can help slow or eradicate the epidemic.     

Hierarchical virtual screening of the dual MMP-2/HDAC-6 inhibitors from natural products based on pharmacophore models and molecular docking

The dual-target inhibitors tend to improve the response rate in treating tumors, comparing with the single-target inhibitors. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC-6) are attractive targets for cancer therapy. In this study, the hierarchical virtual screening of dual MMP-2/HDAC-6 inhibitors from natural products is investigated. The pharmacophore model of MMP-2 inhibitors is built based on ligands, but the pharmacophore model of HDAC-6 inhibitors is built based on the experimental crystal structures of multiple receptor–ligand complexes. The reliability of these two pharmacophore models is validated subsequently. The hierarchical virtual screening, combining these two different pharmacophore models of MMP-2 and HDAC-6 inhibitors with molecular docking, is carried out to identify the dual MMP-2/HDAC-6 inhibitors from a database of natural products. The four potential dual MMP-2/HDAC-6 inhibitors of natural products, STOCK1 N-46177, STOCK1 N-52245, STOCK1 N-55477, and STOCK1 N-69706, are found. The studies of binding modes show that the screened four natural products can simultaneously well bind with the MMP-2 and HDAC-6 active sites by different kinds of interactions, to inhibit the MMP-2 and HDAC-6 activities. In addition, the ADMET properties of screened four natural products are assessed. These found dual MMP-2/HDAC-6 inhibitors of natural products could serve as the lead compounds for designing the new dual MMP-2/HDAC-6 inhibitors having higher biological activities by carrying out structural modifications and optimizations in the future studies.