两株水生呼肠孤病毒部分特性的比较

水生呼肠孤病毒为感染水生动物的一类病原体,隶属于呼肠孤病毒科新建水生呼肠孤病毒属。草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass carp reovirus,GCRV)是引起中国南方淡水养殖草鱼暴发性出血病病原,鲅鱼呼肠孤病毒(Threadfin reovirus,TFV)是引起海水养殖鲅鱼病毒病病原。本研究将GCRV与新加坡TFV分离株进行了部分特性比较研究。结果表明,GCRV与TFV均能感染CIK细胞,但对其它鱼类细胞系的敏感性有所差异。此外,凝胶电泳与逆转录聚合酶链式扩增显示,GCRV与TFV核酸属不同的基因型。在多肽特性上,证实了GCRV的5条主要结构多肽具有与。FTV及水生呼肠孤病毒相似的特性。Westem blot检测显示,草鱼呼肠孤病毒与TFV结构蛋白拥有部分相同的抗原决定簇。     

水生呼肠孤病毒研究进展

水生呼肠孤病毒为感染水生生物的一类呼肠孤病毒。自Meyers等1979年首次报道水生呼肠孤病毒的分离,迄今已分离鉴定出40余株水生呼肠孤病毒。与哺乳动物呼肠孤病毒一样,水生呼肠孤病毒主要通过呼吸肠道感染宿主,导致出血病及肝脏与胰腺疾病,在全球范围内对水产养殖业造成了严     

两株水生呼肠孤病毒部分特性的比较

水生呼肠孤病毒为感染水生动物的一类病原体,隶属于呼肠孤病毒科新建水生呼肠孤病毒属.草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass carp reovirus,GCRV)是引起中国南方淡水养殖草鱼暴发性出血病病原,鮁鱼呼肠孤病毒(Threadfin reovirus,TFV)是引起海水养殖鮁鱼病毒病病原.本研究将GCRV与新加坡TFV分离株进行了部分特性比较研究.结果表明,GCRV与TFV均能感染CIK细胞,但对其它鱼类细胞系的敏感性有所差异.此外,凝胶电泳与逆转录聚合酶链式扩增显示,GCRV与TFV核酸属不同的基因型.在多肽特性上,证实了GCRV的5条主要结构多肽具有与FTV及水生呼肠孤病毒相似的特性.Western blot 检测显示,草鱼呼肠孤病毒与TFV结构蛋白拥有部分相同的抗原决定簇.     

一株草鱼呼肠孤病毒弱毒株的分离、鉴定及免疫原性初步分析

从江西南昌患出血病草鱼体内分离出的草鱼病毒(暂命名为JX09-01)能使草鱼肾脏细胞(CIK)、草鱼肝细胞(L8824)、草鱼吻端成纤维细胞(PSF)产生明显的细胞病变效应(CPE)。感染CIK 细胞固定后经电镜观察,发现细胞质内有大量病毒聚集, 形态和排列方式与已报道的草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass carp reovirus, GCRV)相似。针对GCRV 873 株S6 基因设计的简并引物可以从病料组织和感染细胞中扩增出目的条带, 而针对GCRVHZ08 株S6 基因设计特异性引物未能扩增出目的条带。对JX09-01 株的S6 全基因进行序列分析表明, 其核苷酸序列同GCRV 873 株和HZ08 株的同源性分别是99.3%和30.4%, 推导出的氨基酸序列同源性分别是98.6%和30%, 说明草鱼病毒JX09-01 株为草鱼呼肠孤病毒。用JX09-01 株接种当年8-10 cm左右的草鱼, 没有明显的临床症状, 不能致草鱼死亡。用传代至15 代的CIK 细胞病毒液进行免疫保护试验, 结果显示其对强毒株的免疫保护率达到86.7%。实验结果初步显示, 新分离到的JX09-01 为草鱼呼肠孤病毒弱毒株, 可作为弱毒疫苗的候选毒株。       

感染草鱼呼肠孤病毒对肠道菌群多样性的影响

为揭示草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass Carp Reovirus, GCRV)对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肠道菌群的影响, 在通过人工浸泡方式感染GCRV后, 采用针对16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术对草鱼肠道菌群的组成和多样性进行了研究。结果显示, 感染组与对照组差异显著(MRPP, Anosim, Adonis, P<0.01), 且感染组肠道菌群的Alpha多样性指数(Shannon-Wienner、Inverse Simpson、Pielou evenness)显著低于对照组(t-test, P<0.05)。此外, 肠道菌群在感染组个体间差异显著大于对照组(Wilcoxon test,P<0.05), 表明患病草鱼肠道菌群失去原有平衡而变得紊乱。尽管病毒感染组和对照组草鱼肠道优势菌门均为Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes、Fusobacteria, 但在OTU水平仍表现出明显的变化, 如OTU_69(Pasteurellaceae)、OTU_504(Comamonadaceae)和OTU_1898(Cetobacterium)在感染GCRV组丰度显著降低(t-test, P<0.05), 也表明GCRV感染可使草鱼肠道微生态发生紊乱。肠道菌群结构稳定对于宿主健康具有重要意义, 研究患病鱼肠道菌群状况为鱼类常见疾病的防控提供科学依据, 也为健康养殖提供参考。     

四株草鱼呼肠孤病毒毒株的细胞感染特性比较研究

本文首次对低温保存的三株草鱼呼肠孤病毒GCRV873 、GCRV875、GCRV876与新分离的GCRV991毒株进行了细胞培养与病毒感染特性等比较研究。结果表明 ,GCRV873 、GCRV875、GCRV876在 - 30℃保存 10年后仍然具有一定的感染性 ,其滴度均在 10 2 TCID50 /mL以上 ,略低于从病鱼组织分离的GCRV991毒株的滴价。经传代培养后 ,四株GCRV的毒力逐渐升高 ,并趋于稳定 ;当感染复数 (MOI)为 0 .0 5PFU/cell时 ,测定四株GCRV的滴度均高于 10 8TCID50 /mL ,但略有差异。GCRV873 的滴度最高 ,可达到 6 .4× 10 11TCID50 /mL。连续传代的GCRV毒株在不同温度 (2 8℃、31℃、34℃、37℃、41℃ )条件下 ,均可感染CIK细胞 ;在 2 8℃时 ,感染效价最高 ,随着温度的升高 ,其感染效价逐渐降低     

四株草鱼呼肠孤病毒毒株的细胞感染特性比较研究

本文首次对低温保存的三株草鱼呼肠孤病毒GCRV873、GCRV875、GCRV876与新分离的GCRV991毒株进行了细胞培养与病毒感染特性等比较研究.结果表明,GCRV873、GCRV875、GCRV876在-30℃保存10年后仍然具有一定的感染性,其滴度均在102TCID50/mL以上,略低于从病鱼组织分离的GCRV991毒株的滴价.经传代培养后,四株GCRV的毒力逐渐升高,并趋于稳定;当感染复数(MOI)为0.05PFU/cell时,测定四株GCRV的滴度均高于108 TCID50/mL,但略有差异.GCRV873的滴度最高,可达到6.4×1011 TCID50/mL.连续传代的GCRV毒株在不同温度(28℃、31℃、34℃、37℃、41℃)条件下,均可感染CIK细胞;在28℃时,感染效价最高,随着温度的升高,其感染效价逐渐降低.     

水生呼肠孤病毒研究进展

水生呼肠孤病毒为感染水生生物的一类呼肠孤病毒.自Meyers等1979年首次报道水生呼肠孤病毒的分离[1],迄今已分离鉴定出40余株水生呼肠孤病毒[2].     

草鱼鳃介导草鱼呼肠孤病毒免疫应答

采用草鱼呼肠孤病毒腹腔注射草鱼, 通过定量RT-PCR检测了12个抗病毒免疫相关基因在鳃中不同时间点的表达模式, 以了解鳃对内源性病毒的免疫应答。模式识别受体基因CiTLR3、CiTLR7、CiTLR22、CiRIG-I、CiMDA5、CiLGP2、CiNOD1和CiNOD2, 以及干扰素基因CiIFN-I的表达在注射病毒后12h、24h、48h及72h基本都上调。IgM基因的表达仅在72h上调。接头分子CiMyD88和CiIPS-1基因的表达在早期下调（6h）, 然后逐渐上升。为了证实病毒感染的可靠性, 通过RT-PCR检测了病毒VP4基因。结果表明草鱼鳃在抗病毒免疫方面发挥着重要作用。       

鱼呼肠孤病毒诱导草鱼肾细胞凋亡

采用荧光显微镜、电子显微镜、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、流式细胞仪分析等技术研究鱼呼肠孤病毒诱导草鱼细胞（ＣＩＫ）调亡。结果显示,鱼呼肠孤病毒感染ＣＩＫ细胞后,光镜下可见空斑形成;荧光染色观察到细胞调亡碎裂核;且电镜下呈现细胞核裂解,核周裂隙增大,细胞膜内陷并出泡形成调亡小体现象;琼脂糖凝胶电泳出现１８０－２００ｂｐ整数倍的ＤＮＡ梯形带;流式细胞仪检测到典型的细胞调亡峰,在病毒感染４８ｈ,细胞调亡百分率达１５     

3D reconstruction and capsid protein characterization of grass carp reovirus

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a relatively new virus first isolated in China and is a member of the Aquareovirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Recent report of genomic sequencing showed that GCRV shared high degree of homology with mammalian reovirus (MRV). As a step of our effort to understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) structure of GCRV capsid at 17 Å resolution by electron cryomicroscopy. Each GCRV capsid has a multilayered organization, consisting of an RNAcore, an inner, middle and outer protein layer. The outer layer is made up of 200 trimers that are arranged on an incomplete T=13 icosahedral lattice. A characteristic feature of this layer is the depression resulting from the absence of trimers around the peripentonal positions, revealing the underlying trimers on the middle layer. There are 120 subunits in the inner layer arranged with T=1 symmetry. These structural features are common to other members of the Reoviridae. Moreover, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that GCRV virions contain seven structural proteins (VP1-VP7). These structural proteins have a high degree of sequence homology to MRV, consistent with the structural similarities observed in our study. The high structural similarities of isolated GCRV and MRV suggest that future structural studies focusing on GCRV entering into and replicating within its host cell are necessary in order to fully understand the structural basis of GCRV pathogenesis.     

3D reconstruction and capsid protein characterization of grass carp reovirus

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the first aquatic vi-rus isolated and characterized in mainland China[1]. In 1983, it was reported that GCRV was the agent that caused severe outbreaks of infectious hemorrhage disease in grass carp (Cyenopharyngodon idellus). Subsequently, a series of relatively systematic analyses have been conducted to characterize the biological and molecular properties of GCRV[2-8]. More than 50 aquareoviruses have been identified since the first reovirus-like virus was…     

Molecular characterization of nonstructural protein NS38 of grass carp reovirus

Viral nonstructural proteins in both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses play important roles in viral replication. Protein NS38 of Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), has been deduced to be a non-structural protein, and, consistent with other reoviruses, is considered to cooperate with the NS80 protein in viral particle assembly. To investigate the molecular basis of the role of NS38, a complete protein was expressed in E.coli for the first time. It was found that there is a better expression of NS38 induced with IPTG at 28 ℃ rather than 37 ℃. In addition, the antiserum of NS38 prepared with purified fusion protein and injected into rabbit could be used for detecting NS38 protein expression in GCRV infected cell lysate, while there is not any reaction crossed with purified virus particle, confirming NS38 is not a component of the viral structural protein. The result reported in this study will provide evidence for further viral protein-protein and protein-RNA interaction in dsRNA viruses replication.     

Characterizations of four toll‐like receptor 4s in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus and their response to grass carp reovirus infection and lipopolysaccharide stimulation

In this study, the subcellular localization, tissue distribution and response to grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of four grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus toll‐like receptor 4 (tlr4) genes were investigated. All four genes were constitutively expressed in all tissues studied, but the subcellular localization and tissue exhibiting the highest expression differed for each protein. Following GCRV infection, all the four tlr4s were upregulated in all tissues examined, and stimulation of C. idellus kidney (CIK) cells with LPS resulted in downregulation of all four tlr4s. These results provide a foundation for further investigation of tlr4 genes in bony fishes.     

High level expression of grass carp reovirus VP7 protein in prokaryotic cells

Sequences analysis revealed Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) s10 was 909 nucleotides coding a 34 kDa protein denoted as VP7, which was determined to be a viral outer capsid protein (OCP). To obtain expressed OCP in vitro, a full length VP7 gene was produced by RT-PCR amplification, and the amplified fragment was cloned into T7 promoted prokaryotic expression vector pRSET. The recombinant plasmid,which was named as pR/GCRV-VP7,was then transformed into E.coli BL21 host cells. The data indicated that the expressed recombinant was in frame with the N-terminal fusion peptide. The over-expressed fusion protein was produced by inducing with IPTG, and its molecular weight was about 37kDa, which was consistent with its predicted size. In addition, the fusion protein was produced in the form of the inclusion body with their yield remaining steady at more than 60% of total bacterial protein. Moreover,the expressed protein was able to bind immunologically to anti-his-tag monoclonal antibody (mouse) and anti-GCRV serum (rabbit). This work provides a research basis for further structure and function studies of GCRV during entry into cells.