水稻rbcS启动子控制的外源基因在转基因水稻中的特异性表达

为将不同启动子用于转基因水稻的研究,从武运粳8号水稻中克隆了Rubisco小亚基基因(rbcS)的5'上游调控区,构建了由rbcS启动子引导的GUS融合基因,并经农杆菌介导导入到水稻中.对转基因水稻植株中GUS活性的定性与定量测定结果表明,rbcS启动子可驱动GUS报告基因在转基因水稻植株叶片和叶鞘内的叶肉细胞中特异性高效表达,而在茎、根和种子等器官中不表达或表达活性极弱,表现出明显的组织与细胞特异性.结果还表明,光诱导处理可明显提高rbcS启动子启动的外源基因的表达量.     

Identification of potential protein regulators bound to the tissue-specific positive and negative cis-acting elements of a green tissue-specific promoter in rice

Although some tissue-specific cis-acting elements have been identified, the molecular mechanisms of tissue-specific gene expression remain elusive. Here, we report the identification by a yeast one-hybrid screen of five proteins, Os10g31330/glycine-rich, Os01g10400/metallothionein-like, Os05g51180/nucleic acid-binding, Os05g37930/unknown and Os01g01689/phosphatidylinositol kinase that bound to either the positive or negative tissue-specific cis elements of a rice promoter from the green tissue-specific D54O gene. These proteins are localised in the nucleus and the genes encoding them are differentially expressed in different tissues, further suggesting their putative roles in regulating gene expression. These results suggest that the green tissue-specific expression of the D54O gene may be regulated by the interaction of multiple proteins with cis elements in the promoter region.     

参与水稻光合作用的PsbR3基因启动子的功能分析

本实验旨在研究水稻光合作用蛋白中各基因的表达模式. 采用RT-PCR和定量real-time PCR数据分析水稻不同组织的mRNA表达水平.结果显示,PsaK和PsbR3基因仅在茎、叶等绿色组织表达,而胚、胚乳部分均不表达.通过其启动子克隆、植物表达载体构建,以及农杆菌介导转化后,GUS组织染化分析和GUS荧光定量分析表明,两启动子均为组织特异性优势表达,PsbR3启动报告酶GUS在叶片中的表达活性为Actin启动子的3.29倍,而PsaK启动报告酶GUS在叶片中的表达活性低于Actin启动子的.这些初步结果提示,PsbR3启动子决定水稻绿色组织茎叶的优势表达,PsbR3基因可能参与水稻光合作用.     

番茄rbcS3A启动子控制的GUS融合基因在转基因水稻中的表达

为研究不同启动子用于转基因水稻,克隆了番茄Rubisco小亚基rbcS3A基因的5′上游调控区,构建了由rbcS3A启动子引导的GUS嵌合基因,并经农杆菌介导导入到水稻中。对转基因水稻植株中GUS活性的定性与定量测定结果表明,rbcS3A启动子可驱动GUS报告基因在转基因水稻植株茎和叶组织中高效表达,而在根和种子等器官中不表达或表达活性极弱,表现出一定的组织特异性。在转基因水稻中,番茄rbcS3A启动子驱动外源基因的表达不受光诱导。     

A 126 bp fragment of a plant histone gene promoter confers preferential expression in meristems of transgenic Arabidopsis

The tissue-specific pattern of expression directed by the H4A748 Arabidopsis histone promoter was investigated by analysis of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic Arabidopsis containing H4A748-GUS gene fusions. As determined by fluorimetric and histochemical tests, the H4A748 promoter directs preferential expression in meristems of young seedlings and adult plants. The low activity found in nonproliferating tissues may relate to basal constitutive expression of the histone promoter and/or to endoreduplication occurring in some tissues. The endogenous histone mRNA levels parallel the GUS activity found in different tissues. Analysis of the regulatory properties of 5' deleted promoters showed that multiple positive elements exist between -900 and -219 and that the proximal region of the promoter to -219 is sufficient to establish the full tissue-specific pattern of expression. Further deletion to -93 nearly abolished the promoter activity thus suggesting that the 126 bp fragment located between -219 and -93 contains the elements responsible for the specific expression pattern. The presence of several remarkable sequences within this fragment is discussed.     

水稻OsWTF1基因启动子的克隆与表达分析

目的：分析水稻OsWTF1基因启动子的功能及核心序列。方法：利用PCR技术从水稻日本晴基因组中克隆了转录因子WTF1编码区5上游大小为2049bp的调控区域,命名为OsWTF1,将它和长度为1631、608、474、415bp的5端缺失体分别与GUS基因融合构建表达载体,并用农杆菌介导法转化水稻。结果：GUS组织化学分析表明,OsWTF1、Os1631能够驱动GUS基因在根、茎、叶、叶鞘、花药、颖壳上的表达,Os608,Os474,Os415能驱动GUS在根、茎、花药、颖壳中表达,在叶鞘中未表达,而且在叶中的表达也很微弱。结论：OsWTF1启动子核心序列可能位于-1bp--415bp之间,在-608bp--1631bp之间可能存在与基因叶肉特异表达相关的重要元件。     

A rice promoter containing both novel positive and negative cis-elements for regulation of green tissue-specific gene expression in transgenic plants

The tissue-specific expression of transgenes is essential in plant breeding programmes to avoid the fitness costs caused by constitutive expression of a target gene. However, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of tissue-specific gene expression and practicable tissue-specific promoters is limited. In this study, we identified the cis -acting elements of a tissue-specific promoter from rice, P_D54O , and tested the application of original and modified P_D54O and its cis -elements in the regulation of gene expression. P_D54O is a green tissue-specific promoter. Five novel tissue-specific cis -elements (LPSE1, LPSE2, LPSRE1, LPSRE2, PSE1) were characterized from P_D54O . LPSE1 activated gene expression in leaf and young panicle. LPSRE2 suppressed gene expression in leaf, root, young panicle and stem, and PSE1 suppressed gene expression in young panicle and stem. LPSRE1 and LPSE2 had dual roles in the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression; both functioned as activators in leaf, but LPSRE1 acted as a repressor in stem and LPSE2 as a repressor in young panicle and root. Transgenic rice plants carrying cry1Ac encoding Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin, regulated by P_D54O , were resistant to leaf-folders, with no Cry1Ac protein found in endosperm or embryo. A reporter gene regulated by a series of truncated P_D54O showed various tissue-specific expression patterns. Different fragments of P_D54O fused with the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter suppressed 35S -regulated gene expression in various tissues. P_D54O , truncated P_D54O and the tissue-specific cis -elements provide useful tools for the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression in rice breeding programmes.     

人工合成根特异启动子SRSP的功能分析

根负责吸收水分和养分,是重要的植物组织,但易受生物及非生物胁迫,影响作物的生长发育和产量。设计合成根特异启动子,可为与胁迫相关的抗性基因在作物根部的功能研究及高效表达提供候选启动子。文中将4拷贝的根特异性顺式作用元件(OSE1ROOTNODULE、OSE2ROOTNODULE、SP8BFIBSP8AIB和ROOTMOTIFAPOX1)以串联排列方式设计合成了一个根特异性模块(pro-SRS),并与来自CaMV35S启动子的最小启动子融合,合成一个人工合成启动子SRSP。通过替换CaMV35S启动子将SRSP启动子克隆到pCAMBIA2300.1中以驱动GUS表达。将携带SRSP启动子的构建体通过农杆菌介导的方法转化到烟草中。GUS组织化学染色分析和实时PCR (RT-PCR)分析显示SRSP启动子在转基因烟草中赋予根特异性表达。说明顺式作用元件重复排列可实现启动子预期功能,本研究为理性设计植物组织特异启动子奠定了理论基础。     

Global functional analyses of rice promoters by genomics approaches

Promoters play key roles in conferring temporal, spatial, chemical, developmental, or environmental regulation of gene expression. Promoters that are subject to specific regulations are useful for manipulating foreign gene expression in plant cells, tissues, or organs with desirable patterns and under controlled conditions, and have been important for both basic research and applications in agriculture biotechnology. Recent advances in genomics technologies have greatly facilitated identification and study of promoters in a genome scale with high efficiency. Previously we have generated a large T-DNA tagged rice mutant library (TRIM), in which the T-DNA was designed with a gene/promoter trap system, by placing a promoter-less GUS gene next to the right border of T-DNA. GUS activity screens of this library offer in situ and in planta identifications and analyses of promoter activities in their native configurations in the rice genome. In the present study, we systematically performed GUS activity screens of the rice mutant library for genes/promoters constitutively, differentially, or specifically active in vegetative and reproductive tissues. More than 8,200 lines have been screened, and 11% and 22% of them displayed GUS staining in vegetative tissues and in flowers, respectively. Among the vegetative tissue active promoters, the ratio of leaf active versus root active is about 1.6. Interestingly, all the flower active promoters are anther active, but with varied activities in different flower tissues. To identify tissue specific ABA/stress up-regulated promoters, we compared microarray data of ABA/stress induced genes with those of tissue-specific expression determined by promoter trap GUS staining. Following this approach, we showed that the peroxidase 1 gene promoter was ABA up-regulated by 4 fold within 1 day of exposure to ABA and its expression is lateral root specific. We suggest that this be an easy bioinformatics approach in identifying tissue/cell type specific promoters that are up-regulated by hormones or other factors. Su-May Yu and Swee-Suak Ko equally contributed to this work.     

Isolation and Functional Analysis of the Poplar RbcS Gene Promoter

A tissue-specific promoter, Pt-RbcS, from Populus was isolated and cloned based on alignment of AtRBCS-2B cDNA with genomic Populus sequences. Sequence analysis of Pt-RbcS revealed cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter region, including an ATCT-motif, BoxI, GAG-motif, I-box, G-box, BoxII, GATA-motif, and TCT-motif, which are involved in light responses. In transgenic tobacco lines carrying the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by the Pt-RbcS promoter, GUS expression was detected in leaves and stems, but not in roots. Transgenic poplar lines harboring constructs carrying the GUS gene driven by truncated Pt-RbcS promoters revealed distinctive expression patterns for five different promoter constructs. The Pt-RbcS promoter was expressed preferentially in photosynthetic tissues such as leaves and stems. Moreover, deletion analysis of the 1,547 bp Pt-RbcS promoter region revealed that a 927-bp DNA segment is critical for expression of Pt-RbcS in green tissues. Overall, our study suggests that the Pt-RbcS promoter from Populus could be applied to genetically improve the photosynthetic efficiency of woody plants.     

Activity of the 5′ regulatory regions of the rice polyubiquitin <Emphasis Type="Italic">rubi3</Emphasis> gene in transgenic rice plants as analyzed by both <Emphasis Type="Italic">GUS</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">GFP</Emphasis> reporter genes

Ubiquitin is an abundant protein involved in protein degradation and cell cycle control in plants and rubi3 is a polyubiquitin gene isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Using both GFP and GUS as reporter genes, we analyzed the expression pattern of the rubi3 promoter as well as the effects of the rubi3 5'-UTR (5' untranslated region) intron and the 5' terminal 27 bp of the rubi3 coding sequence on the activity of the promoter in transgenic rice plants. The rubi3 promoter with the 5'-UTR intron was active in all the tissue and cell types examined and supported more constitutive expression of reporter genes than the maize Ubi-1 promoter. The rubi3 5'-UTR intron mediated enhancement on the activity of its promoter in a tissue-specific manner but did not alter its overall expression pattern. The enhancement was particularly intense in roots, pollen grains, inner tissue of ovaries, and embryos and aleurone layers in maturing seeds. The translational fusion of the first 27 bp of the rubi3 coding sequence to GUS gene further enhanced GUS expression directed by the rubi3 promoter in all the tissues examined. The rubi3 promoter should be an important addition to the arsenal of strong and constitutive promoters for monocot transformation and biotechnology.     

Functional characterization of a Chrysanthemum dichrum stress-related promoter

A 1,474-bp stress-inducible CdDREBa promoter was identified from Chrysanthemum dichrum, revealing several candidate stress-related cis-acting elements (MYC-box, MYB site, GT-1, and W-box) within it. In Arabidopsis leaf tissues transformed with a CdDREBa promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusion, serially 5'-deleted CdDREBa promoters were differentially activated by cold and salinity. Histochemical and quantitative assays of GUS expression allowed us to localize a critical part of the promoter located between upstream 430 and 351 nt. This 80-bp fragment enhanced GUS expression under salinity stress when fused to -90/+8 CaMV 35S minimal promoter. Further promoter internal-deletion assays indicated that a low temperature-responsive element was located between positions -430 and -390, and a salinity inducible one between -385 and -351. Our results showed that there was a novel stress-related critical region except for the known cis-acting element (MYC-box, GT-1) in CdDREBa promoter.     

Developmental regulation of peach ACC oxidase promoter--GUS fusions in transgenic tomato fruits

A genomic DNA sequence (PpACO1) encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) from peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Loring) was isolated. It has four exons interrupted by three introns and 2.9 kb of flanking region 5' of the translational start codon. Previous work with the cDNA demonstrated that accumulation of the peach ACO message correlated with increasing amounts of ethylene synthesized by the fruit as they ripened. To identify regulatory elements in the peach ACC oxidase gene, chimeric fusions between 403, 610, 901, 1319, 2141, and 2919 bp of the 5' flanking region of the PpACO1 sequence and the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding sequence were constructed and used to transform tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum [Mill] cv. Pixie). Fruits from the various promoter lines were analysed for GUS expression by histochemical GUS staining, GUS quantitative enzyme activity determination, and measuring the relative amounts of GUS mRNA. Constructs with the smallest promoter of 403 bp had significant GUS expression in fruit, but not in other tissues, indicating the presence of a region that affects tissue-specific expression. An increase in GUS expression was observed with promoters longer than 901 bp, indicating an enhancer region between -1319 and -901. The full-length promoter of 2919 bp directed GUS expression in the green stage of fruit development, and increased GUS expression as fruit matured, indicating a regulatory region between -2919 and -2141 that controls the temporal expression of the gene in fruit. Only the full-length promoter sequence demonstrated responsiveness to ethylene.     

六倍体大小麦tritordeum花药组织特异性启动子的鉴定与分离

启动子是基因表达调控的重要顺式元件,也是基因工程表达载体的一个重要元件。一个无启动子的带有UidA基因的质粒pPLGUS通过基因枪转化进tritordeum材料中,对转基因材料的多种不同组织进行了X-gluc显色来检测不同组织中的GUS活性,有一个株系的花药组织特异性启动子已被证明成功捕获,并通过PCR方法将其分离。提取叶片的总DNA作模板,上游使用水稻花药启动子分离的引物P1,以UidA基因的部分序列为下游引物P2,PCR扩增UidA基因的上游旁侧序列。已经获得一条长667 bp的目的片断,含有部分UidA基因的序列和一段UidA基因的上游旁侧序列,该序列中具有植物启动子的一些必备元件,初步断定它是一段花药组织特异性启动子序列。