蓖麻蚕核糖体核糖核酸基因上18S、28S和5.8S核糖体核糖核酸基因的定位

蓖麻蚕的核糖体核糖核酸(rRNA)的基因(rDNA)是多拷贝基因,其重复单位成线性方向排列。在每一重复单位中含有18S、28S和5.8S rRNA基因各一个。了解它们的排列状况是认识rDNA结构的基础。本文将无性繁殖的该rDNA用各种限制性内切酶水解后,制成Southern转移膜与放射性同位素标记的18S、28S和5.8S rRNA杂交;又将18S和28S rRNA制成Northern转移膜与放射性同位素标记的rDNA片段杂交,从而排出18S、28S和5.8S rRNA基因在rDNA上面的相对位置。     

薄片牡蛎的核型及18S-28S核糖体rRNA基因的染色体定位

以薄片牡蛎(Dendostrea folium)成体鳃组织为材料制备有丝分裂中期染色体标本,对其染色体核型进行了分析,并运用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)将18S-28S核糖体RNA基因定位于中期染色体上。FISH探针是通过PCR扩增介于18S-28S rRNA基因之间的ITS和5.8S rRNA基因序列,并在PCR扩增过程中掺入了Biotin-11-dUTP进行生物素标记。结果显示,薄片牡蛎的单倍染色体数目为n=10,全部为中部着丝粒染色体。与大多数已知巨蛎属牡蛎的染色体核型相似。ITS探针在薄片牡蛎中期分裂体相上产生两簇FISH信号,分别杂交于2号染色体短臂的近端粒区域。本研究首次报道了薄片牡蛎的中期染色体核型以及18S-28S核糖体RNA基因在染色体上的定位。     

亚口鱼科鱼类核DNA 18S-ITS1-5.8S序列比较分析

目前,对亚口鱼科鱼类的研究主要是在线粒体DNA 层次,如以线粒体DNA 的控制区和DN5/ 6 基因为分子标记,调查胭脂鱼种群间、种群内的遗传结构和遗传分化以阐明其多样性衰退的程度,以线粒体DNA 细胞色素b 基因以及16S 和18S 基因为分子标记探讨亚口鱼科鱼类的系统发育关系等。然而,线粒体DNA 只占鱼类遗传信息的极少部分,越来越多的学者希望以鱼类核DNA 为分子标记来检测遗传变异情况,其中,rRNA 基因受到普遍的关注。真核生物的rRNA 基因以串联重复方式存在,其中18S、5.8S、28S 组成一个转录元,其前体是由18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S 剪切而来。本文以中国胭脂鱼为中心,比较了亚口鱼科6 属7 种在18S-ITS1-5.8S 序列变异情况,并以此序列为分子标记,构建了亚鱼科鱼类系统发育树。18S-ITS1-5.8S 既含有编码序列18S和518S,又含有非编码序列转录间隔区1(ITS1),适合用来分析比较亚口鱼科鱼类在核DNA 编码与非编码区域的遗传变异情况。       

全长rDNA簇在蝽类昆虫生命树构建中的应用前景(昆虫纲,半翅目)

在昆虫纲中,生命树计划正在以目级阶元中的分类单元为单位逐步推进.针对这一大的背景,以及高级阶元和种级阶元分子系统学研究间脱节现状,提出以rDNA簇为一组分子标记、并且在未来高级阶元系统发育研究中将目前选取少量代表类群的做法改为将尽量多的物种包含到一棵系统发育树中的建议.其中首先简要介绍了rDNA簇的结构及其中各分子标记在分子系统学研究中的应用价值,随后以蝽类昆虫为例,有针对性地总结了rDNA簇中不同基因序列已有数据的丰富程度及其在分子系统学研究中的应用情况.首次给出了蝽类昆虫28S rRNA近全长序列的二级结构模型.基于对18S rRNA和28S rRNA二级结构研究所积累的认识,强调了18S rDNA和28S rDNA内部不同区段之间变异模式和应用价值的差异,论证了未来在生命树构建中深化对rDNA簇中各基因进行联合应用的合理性和可行性.     

紫芝基因组rDNA序列特征及ITS2二级结构比较

紫芝栽培品种‘紫芝S2’(武芝2号)的ITS序列与NCBI数据库中5个紫芝菌株/分离株相似度高达99.79%-100%,在系统进化树上相聚成一类。本研究预测‘紫芝S2’基因组与参考基因组中的rRNA基因簇,分析rDNA结构及各构件序列间的多态性。从高质量‘紫芝S2’基因组中挖掘得到完整rDNA,序列全长40.377 kb,由4组串联重复的(18S、5.8S、28S、5S) rRNA基因簇组成,并含有完整的基因内间隔区(ITS1、ITS2)和基因间间隔区(IGS1、IGS2)。在紫芝S2的rDNA中,高度保守的28S rRNA基因间出现3个SNP和2个插入(1 bp,10 bp)位点;虽然第4条ITS2中有1个SNP位点,但紫芝S2的4条ITS2在二级结构上的分子形态高度一致,与ITS2数据库中其他紫芝菌株仅存在螺旋区间夹角的微小差异。由‘紫芝S2’基因组rDNA的ITS2生成的DNA条形码与二维码,可以作为该栽培品种鉴定与同源物种其他菌株鉴别的分子标记。     

福建橄榄18S-26S rRNA及其ITS片段的克隆与序列分析

利用18S-26S rRNA基因及其ITS片段的PCR扩增、克隆及测序分析,对福建14个橄榄品种进行分子标记及遗传分类。序列分析结果表明:14个品种可分为4个类别,以1号品种为参照,3、4、6、7、8、9、11号品种的ITS1、ITS2和5.8S共634个碱基序列完全一致,与1号仅ITS2上有1个碱基差异,2号和1号品种的ITS1和5.8S序列完全一致,仅ITS2上有2个碱基差异,归为第一类;5号和14号的序列完全一致,与1号在ITS1和ITS2上各有1个碱基差异,归为第二类;10号和12号序列完全一致,与1号在ITS1上有2个碱基差异,归为第三类;13号品种5.8S的序列与1号相同,但在ITS1上有1个碱基差异,在ITS2上有24个碱基差异,归为第四类。使用DNAMAN软件建立的同源关系树说明了不同橄榄品种的变异程度。将橄榄18S-26S rRNA基因及其ITS序列登陆GenBank,登陆号:DQ517524。     

乌鳢肝5S rRNA的核苷酸序列

应用Peattie,Maxum等化学裂解法,辅以酶解直读法等测定了乌醴(Ophiocephalus argus)肝5S rRNA的核苷酸序列;与已知的虹鳟鱼和纵带泥鳅5S rRNA序列比较,发现它们之间的核苷酸序列具有高度的保守性.利用其一级结构所给出的信息,初步提出二级结构模型.     

乌鳢肝5S rRNA的核苷酸序列

应用Peattie,Maxum等化学裂解法,辅以酶解直读法等测定了乌醴(Ophiocephalus argus)肝5S rRNA的核苷酸序列;与已知的虹鳟鱼和纵带泥鳅5S rRNA序列比较,发现它们之间的核苷酸序列具有高度的保守性.利用其一级结构所给出的信息,初步提出二级结构模型.     

高温菌16S rRNA与耐热性关系的初步研究

通过对80多种超高温菌的基因组G＋C含量,16S rRNA G＋C含量进行统计分析,结果显示高温菌耐热性与基因组G＋C含量之间没有直接关系,而与16S rRNA G＋C含量之间明显存在上正相关。16S rRNA 18 helix的二级结构分析显示高温菌生长温度越高,其16S rRNA热稳定性越高。     

蓖麻蚕5.8S rRNA基因的结构特点

利用计算机分析已知的蓖麻蚕(Attacus ricini)5.8S rRNA顺序,发现其上有一个PstⅠ位点。因此,将rDNA上PstⅠ位点两侧的DNA片段分别克隆在pWR 13质粒上。用末端终止法测定了蓖麻蚕5.8S rRNA基因全顺序及与之相邻的上、下游部分核苷酸顺序。发现5.8SrRNA基因3′端为pGGGCCGGCT_(OH)。这个结果与Feng,Y.X.等报道的蓖麻蚕5.8S rRNA顺序3′端是pGGGCCGAUUAA_(OH)有两个明显不同:第一,从共同顺序pGGGCCG算起,5.8S rRNA基因的3′端有九个核苷酸,比Feng Y.X.等报道的rRNA顺序3′端少两个核苷酸;第二,两者在3′末端共同顺序以后的两个核苷酸是不一样的。此外,还发现在蓖麻蚕5.8S rRNA基因上游有一个约30个核苷酸的poly(A)区。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.