共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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报道了中国腐生兰科植物二新记录种,即二色肉果兰(Cyrtosia integra (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay)和反瓣山珊瑚(Galeola cathcartii Hook. f.),并提供简要描述和图片。 相似文献
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北京无喙兰(Holopogon pekinensis X. Y. Mu & Bing Liu)为华北地区特有珍稀腐生型兰科植物,分布在海拔约1100 m的杂木林内,生境与本区域内其他腐生型兰科植物(常在1600 m以上桦木林中生长)显著不同。本研究针对北京玉渡山和百花山两个北京无喙兰种群的根际土壤样品开展基于高通量测序技术的根际土壤微生物多样性分析,解析北京无喙兰根际土壤微生物群落组成及多样性。测序分析结果显示,共得到4973个细菌OTU(Operational taxonomic unit),发现北京无喙兰根际土壤的优势细菌类群为变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门等7个门,优势属有MND1、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)和Haliangium等。1914个真菌OTU的分析结果表明,根际土壤优势真菌类群为子囊菌门、担子菌门、结合菌门等;优势属有Archaeorhizomyces、蜡壳耳属(Sebacina)和被孢霉属(Mortierella)等;优势真菌多为外生菌根真菌,可能是北京无喙兰潜在的菌根真菌。多样性指数分析显示,北京无喙兰玉渡山种群根际土壤中的真菌和细菌群落的丰富度和均匀度均高于百花山种群,各种群土壤微生物多样性与北京无喙兰所在种群的乔木种类多样性具有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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兰科（Orehidaceae）是仅次于菊科（Composltae）的一个兴盛、复杂的植物类群,广布于全球,多数种是著名的药用植物和珍贵花卉。兰科植物具有三大特点：第一、其花形状奇特,色彩艳丽,芳香宜人,授粉机制独特而复杂;第二、种子细小,仅具未分化的原胚;第三、在生活史中,与真菌共生形成内生苗根。因而,长期以来受到人们的普遍喜爱,带来了较高的商业利益,科学家,园艺工作者也从各个角度对兰科植物作了大量的研究。本文从兰科菌根的共生物之———菌根真菌的角度对有关其分类及与植物之间的专一性的研究状况进行了分析讨论,旨在为从… 相似文献
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兰科石斛属植物菌根真菌研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石斛属(Dendrobium)隶属于兰科(Orchidaceae)树兰亚科(Epidendroideae)石斛兰族(Dendrobiinae),是兰科最大的属之一,终生附生于树上或岩石上。石斛属很多种类具有很高的药用价值与观赏价值。由于人为过度采挖和野生生境的破坏,使得野生石斛资源濒临灭绝。石斛属植物为典型的兰科菌根植物,在自然条件下需要与真菌共生,才能完成生活史。菌根真菌对于石斛属植物的种子萌发和植株生长具有重要的作用。对石斛属植物菌根的形成、菌根真菌的作用、菌根真菌多样性及菌根技术在石斛属植物中的应用做了评述,并对今后的研究内容和重点提出了一些思路。 相似文献
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在自然条件下,兰科菌根真菌对兰花的种子萌发和植株生长都是必不可少的。为了解高原兰科植物菌根真菌的多样性状况及其季节性变化规律,选取了四川黄龙沟的两种生境中生长的8种优势兰科植物,分别于植株的萌芽期(4月份)、生长期(7月份)和果期(9月份)采集营养根进行菌根真菌的多样性研究。其中,黄花杓兰(Cypripedium flavum)、少花鹤顶兰(Phaiusdelavayi)、二叶匍茎兰(Galearis diantha)和广布小蝶兰(Ponerorchis chusua)分布在开阔生境;筒距兰(Tipularia szechuanica)、小花舌唇兰(Platanthera minutiflora)、珊瑚兰(Corallorhiza trifida)和尖唇鸟巢兰(Neottia acuminate)则分布在密林生境。通过对分离所得的50个菌株进行形态观察和ITS序列测定相结合的鉴定,共获得菌根真菌41种。对担子菌和子囊菌分别进行的系统发育树构建结果显示,子囊菌为优势种类(35种),以柔膜菌目(Helotiales)、炭角菌目(Xylariales)和肉座菌目(Hypocreales)内的种类为主,担子菌则以胶膜菌(Tulasnellaceaesp.)为主。在8种兰科植物中,二叶匐茎兰表现出极高的专一性,其菌根真菌均属于Hypocrea。其余兰科植物的菌根真菌分别属于不同的科,专一性相对较低。物种丰富度和Simpson多样性指数分析结果表明,密林生境的兰科植物的菌根真菌多样性在各生长季节基本高于开阔生境。此外,两种生境的优势兰科植物的菌根真菌物种多样性随生长季节转变所呈现的变化规律是相似的:萌发期和生长期的多样性均较高,峰值出现在生长期,到果期时则大幅下降。这与高原兰科植物的生长特性及营养供求规律基本相符。 相似文献
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春兰(Cymbidium goeringii)和蕙兰(Cymbidium faberi)是我国较为广泛分布的地生类型兰属植物,具有悠久的栽培历史和很高的经济价值.菌根真菌与兰科植物专一性关系一直是兰科茵根研究中的热点.该文对35株分离自浙江天目山野生春兰和蕙兰的菌根真菌进行了rDNA ITS序列分析,并在此基础上初步探讨了菌根真菌与春兰、蕙兰之间的专一性关系.结果表明,分离获得的菌根真菌与其共生兰属植物在种的层面具显著专一性,即物种是影响或决定浙江天目山地区春兰、蕙兰与共生菌根真菌专一性的重要因素;研究同时发现,自蕙兰同一条根分离获得的菌根真菌菌株间亦表现丰富的多样性差异. 相似文献
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无叶美冠兰是一种典型的腐生兰科植物,为揭示该物种的自然传粉机制,拓展对兰科植物生殖特性的认识,在广西雅长兰科植物国家级自然保护区对其开展了传粉生态学观测研究。结果表明:无叶美冠兰花朵具备高度自交亲和能力,但不存在自动自花授粉机制,必须依赖外部传粉媒介把花粉送到柱头,实现有效传粉;绿彩带蜂是无叶美冠兰唯一有效传粉昆虫;传粉昆虫与花朵在与传粉功能相关的关键性状在形态上良好拟合;绿彩带蜂的访花活动主要发生在3个阶段:8.6%发生在9:00~11:30,80.2%发生在11:30~14:00,11.2%发生在14:00~15:30;花朵在中午强烈的阳光直射下挥发出香甜的气味。无叶美冠兰花朵主要通过挥发极具诱惑力的香甜气味和唇瓣上黄色的蜜导来诱导绿彩带蜂进入花朵中觅食,传粉昆虫与花朵在与传粉功能相关的关键性状在形态上良好拟合促成有效传粉,绿彩带蜂在整个传粉过程没有获得报酬,是食源性欺骗传粉机制。 相似文献
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美花石斛菌根真菌接菌方式与接种效应初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自然条件下,兰科菌根真菌的共生对于兰科植物种子萌芽和植株生长是必不可少的。为探讨有益共生真菌对兰科植物生长的促进作用,特别是在实验室环境下接菌方式的改变与接种效应直接的联系,本研究从野生美花石斛(Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe.)新鲜营养根中分离、筛选出3种菌根真菌（M1、M2和M3）,采用单一接菌和混合接菌的接种方式,分析3个菌株及其不同接种方式对美花石斛生长的影响。研究得到优势菌株M1和M3,并证实混合接菌对美花石斛的生物量增长具有较好的正效应,两两混合接种方式M1-M2、M2-M3及3个混合接种方式M1-M2-M3均能较好的促进美花石斛生物量的积累。充分发挥混合接菌对兰科植物生长发育所产生的效能,提高生产效率,具有较强的现实意义。 相似文献
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Hans Jacquemyn Michael Waud Vincent S. F. T. Merckx Bart Lievens Rein Brys 《Molecular ecology》2015,24(13):3269-3280
In plant species that rely on mycorrhizal symbioses for germination and seedling establishment, seedling recruitment and temporal changes in abundance can be expected to depend on fungal community composition and local environmental conditions. However, disentangling the precise factors that determine recruitment success in species that critically rely on mycorrhizal fungi represents a major challenge. In this study, we used seed germination experiments, 454 amplicon pyrosequencing and assessment of soil conditions to investigate the factors driving changes in local abundance in 28 populations of the orchid Neottia ovata. Comparison of population sizes measured in 2003 and 2013 showed that nearly 60% of the studied populations had declined in size (average growth rate across all populations: ?0.01). Investigation of the mycorrhizal fungi in both the roots and soil revealed a total of 68 species of putatively mycorrhizal fungi, 21 of which occurred exclusively in roots, 25 that occurred solely in soil and 22 that were observed in both the soil and roots. Seed germination was limited and significantly and positively related to soil moisture content and soil pH, but not to fungal community composition. Large populations or populations with high population growth rates showed significantly higher germination than small populations or populations declining in size, but no significant relationships were found between population size or growth and mycorrhizal diversity. Overall, these results indicate that temporal changes in abundance were related to the ability of seeds to germinate, but at the same time they provided limited evidence that variation in fungal communities played an important role in determining population dynamics. 相似文献
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兰科植物的生存及生长高度依赖其根中的共生真菌, 其中的菌根真菌更是对兰科植物的种子萌发与后续生长有着非常重要的作用, 研究兰科植物根中的真菌, 尤其是菌根真菌, 对兰科植物的保护有重要作用。该研究利用第二代测序技术, 对中国辽宁省境内的9种属于极小种群的兰科植物的根、根际土和根围土中的真菌群落和菌根真菌组成进行了研究。结果显示, 兰科植物根中的真菌群落和根际土、根围土中的真菌群落具有显著差异。兰科植物根中的总操作分类单元(OTU)数目远小于根际土和根围土中的总OTU数目。同时, 兰科植物根中菌根真菌的种类和丰度与根际土、根围土中菌根真菌的种类与丰度没有明显联系。FunGuild分析结果显示, 丛枝菌根真菌在根际土与根围土中的丰度非常高, 但在兰科植物的根中却数量极少。这些结果表明, 兰科植物根中的真菌群落与土壤中的真菌群落在一定程度上是相互独立的。 相似文献
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《Fungal Ecology》2021
Beneficial microbes such as plant mutualistic fungi, hold the promise of ameliorating challenges faced in native plant conservation such as disease management. As an alternative to costly chemical pest control, conservation efforts could potentially harness the benefits of plant mutualistic fungi to aid in defense and disease resistance, but there are few tests of this notion. We set out to test the efficacy of controlling a common foliar pathogen, the powdery mildew Neoerysiphe galeopsidis, by inoculating the endangered Hawaiian plant species Phyllostegia kaalaensis with potentially beneficial members of its wild-type mycobiome. We tested whether inoculating plants with above or belowground fungal mutualists, or both, led to increased disease resistance in the host. We found that while all treatments reduced average disease incidence, colonization by the foliar yeast Moesziomyces aphidis was the only treatment to do so significantly. These results provide an exciting new strategy for plant conservation practices. 相似文献
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Abstract Preliminary account of the microfungi colonizing Pistaca lentiscus L. litter - A preliminary account of the microfungi colonizing Pistacia lentiscus L. leaf litter in five small islands of South Sardinia is carried out. Two species, Beltrania rhombica Penzig and Endophragmiella boewei (Crane) Hughes are present in almost all the samples investigated. A very low index in richness of species seems to be characteristic of this particular area. 相似文献
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根据ITS、LSU、rpb2、tef1和tub2多基因系统发育分析,将云南禾本科植物格孢腔菌目的7株内生真菌鉴定归属于格孢腔菌目Pleosporales四绺孢球腔菌科Tetraplosphaeriaceae的四绺孢属Tetraploa和假四绺孢属Pseudotetraploa以及该目下的一个未定属genera incertae sedis。羧甲基纤维素钠培养基和愈创木酚培养基筛选发现四绺孢球腔菌科的2个菌株具有较强的纤维素酶和漆酶活性,而这个未定属的菌株仅具有较弱的纤维素酶活性、无漆酶活性,表明格孢腔菌目的2个内生真菌类群的纤维素和木质素降解能力不同。多重对应分析发现四绺孢球腔菌科真菌的属与寄主、分离来源和地理位置有关联,其中四绺孢属和假四绺孢属可在活的健康植物作为内生真菌存活,并在植物凋落物和土壤中分离得到,推测四绺孢属和假四绺孢属两属为内生和腐生双生态位真菌。因此,进一步深入探究四绺孢球腔菌科内生真菌参与的禾本科植物凋落物的分解将深化我们对禾本科植物内生真菌多样性和生态学功能的认识。 相似文献
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This paper describes the hitherto unreported aspects of orchid mycorrhizae. The host cells harbour upto 4 generations of fungal
pelotons which are formed after each peloton is digested. There are two types of hyphae in a host cell, one forming the pelotons,
and the other which lies close to the host cell wall and separated from the former by a callosic wall. The later, called non-pelotonic
hyphae form the fresh peloton when the former is digested. Consequently, there are also cytochemical differences between these
two types of hyphae.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Arild R. Arifin Ryan D. Phillips Celeste C. Linde 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2023,36(1):221-237
The study of congruency between phylogenies of interacting species can provide a powerful approach for understanding the evolutionary history of symbiotic associations. Orchid mycorrhizal fungi can survive independently of orchids making cospeciation unlikely, leading us to predict that any congruence would arise from host-switches to closely related fungal species. The Australasian orchid subtribe Drakaeinae is an iconic group of sexually deceptive orchids that consists of approximately 66 species. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary relationships between representatives of all six Drakaeinae orchid genera (39 species) and their mycorrhizal fungi. We used an exome capture dataset to generate the first well-resolved phylogeny of the Drakaeinae genera. A total of 10 closely related Tulasnella Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and previously described species were associated with the Drakaeinae orchids. Three of them were shared among orchid genera, with each genus associating with 1–6 Tulasnella lineages. Cophylogenetic analyses show Drakaeinae orchids and their Tulasnella associates exhibit significant congruence (p < 0.001) in the topology of their phylogenetic trees. An event-based method also revealed significant congruence in Drakaeinae–Tulasnella relationships, with duplications (35), losses (25), and failure to diverge (9) the most frequent events, with minimal evidence for cospeciation (1) and host-switches (2). The high number of duplications suggests that the orchids speciate independently from the fungi, and the fungal species association of the ancestral orchid species is typically maintained in the daughter species. For the Drakaeinae–Tulasnella interaction, a pattern of phylogenetic niche conservatism rather than coevolution likely explains the observed phylogenetic congruency in orchid and fungal phylogenies. Given that many orchid genera are characterized by sharing of fungal species between closely related orchid species, we predict that these findings may apply to a wide range of orchid lineages. 相似文献