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2.
This is the first report where shoot regeneration in strawberry cultivar Chandler has been achieved simultaneously through
both somatic embryogenesis and shoot bud formation. Direct somatic embryogenesis was observed in leaf discs which were cultured
on medium containing MS salts + B5 vitamins + 2% glucose + 18.16 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) and given both chilling and dark treatment for 2 wk at 4 ± 2°C followed
by incubation at 25 ± 2°C under 16-h photoperiod for third wk. After 3 wk, these explants were then subcultured on medium
containing MS salts + B5 vitamins + 2% glucose and incubated under 16-h photoperiod at 25 ± 2°C for further growth and development. Direct regeneration
via de novo shoot bud formation was observed in leaf disks which were given dark treatment and were cultured on medium containing MS
salts + B5 vitamins + 2% glucose supplemented with 9.08 μM TDZ. There was a synergistic effect of photoperiod, dark, and chilling treatments
on somatic embryogenesis, whereas chilling treatment had an inhibitory effect on shoot organogenesis. 相似文献
3.
M. M. C. Tan C. M. Colijn-Hooymans W. H. Lindhout A. J. Kool 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1987,75(1):105-108
Summary Shoot regeneration from leaf discs and leaf mesophyll protoplasts of 11 genotypes of Lycopersicon esculentum (the cultivated tomato), were compared. In both regeneration procedures genotypic differences were observed between inbred lines, and also between F1 hybrids and their parental lines. In the tested hybrid genotypes no heterosis effect with respect to shoot regeneration capacity was observed. A correlation between shoot regeneration from leaf discs and from leaf mesophyll protoplasts was apparent in the tested genotypes. This suggests that using the described procedure, shoot regeneration from leaf discs can be usef for rapid pre-screening for regeneration capacity from protoplasts of tomato genotypes. 相似文献
4.
Chun-Lai Zhang Dong-Fang Chen Malcolm C. Elliott Adrian Slater 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):305-310
Summary Improved in vitro tissue culture systems are needed to facilitate the application of recombinant DNA technology to the improvement of sugar
beet germplasm. The effects of N
6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) pretreatment on adventitious shoot and somatic embryogenesis regeneration were evaluated
in a range of sugar beet breeding lines and commercial varieties. Petiole explants showed higher frequencies of direct adventitious
shoot formation and produced more shoots per explant than leaf lamina explants. TDZ was more effective than BA for the promotion
of shoot formation. The optimal TDZ concentrations were 2.3–4.6 μM for the induction of adventitious shoot regeneration. Direct somatic embryogenesis from intact seedlings could be induced
by either BA or TDZ. TDZ-induced somatic embryogenesis occurred on the lower surface of cotyledons at concentrations of 0.5–2μM and was less genotype-dependent than with Ba. A high frequency of callus induction could be obtained from seedlings and leaf
explants, but only a few of the calluses derived from leaf explants could regenerate to plants via indirect somatic embryogenesis. These results demonstrated that TDZ could prove to be a more effective cytokinin for in vitro culture of sugar beet than BA. Rapid and efficient regeneration of plants using TDZ may provide a route for the production
of transgenic sugar beet following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. 相似文献
5.
Question: Do thick‐twigged/large‐leaf species have an advantage in leaf display over their counterparts, and what are the effects of leaf habit and leaf form on the leaf‐stem relationship in plant twigs of temperature broadleaf woody species? Location: Gongga Mountain, southwest China. Methods: (1) We investigated stem cross‐sectional area and stem mass, leaf area and leaf/lamina mass of plant twigs (terminal branches of current‐year shoots) of 89 species belonging to 55 genera in 31 families. (2) Data were analyzed to determine leaf‐stem scaling relationships using both the Model type II regression method and the phylogenetically independent comparative (PIC) method. Results: (1) Significant, positive allometric relationships were found between twig cross‐sectional area and total leaf area supported by the twig, and between the cross‐sectional area and individual leaf area, suggesting that species with large leaves and thick twigs could support a disproportionately greater leaf area for a given twig cross‐sectional area. (2) However, the scaling relationships between twig stem mass and total leaf area and between stem mass and total lamina mass were approximately isometric, which indicates that the efficiency of deploying leaf area and lamina mass was independent of leaf size and twig size. The results of PIC were consistent with these correlations. (3) The evergreen species were usually smaller in total leaf area for a given twig stem investment in terms of both cross‐sectional area and stem mass, compared to deciduous species. Leaf mass per area (LMA) was negatively associated with the stem efficiency in deploying leaf area. (4) Compound leaf species could usually support a larger leaf area for a given twig stem mass and were usually larger in both leaf size and twig size than simple leaf species. Conclusions: Generally, thick‐twigged/large‐leaf species do not have an advantage over their counterparts in deploying photosynthetic compartments for a given twig stem investment. Leaf habit and leaf form types can modify leaf‐stem scaling relationships, possibly because of contrasting leaf properties. The leaf size‐twig size spectrum is related to the LMA‐leaf life span dimension of plant life history strategies. 相似文献
6.
TDZ和CPPU对红掌快速繁殖的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以红掌带主脉叶切片、叶柄切段为外植体,研究TDZ和CPPU对其快速繁殖的影响。结果表明,在愈伤组织诱导上,与6-BA相比,TDZ和CPPU具有更强的诱导外植体脱分化活性;TDZ 1.0mg/L和6-BA0.5mg/L配比是诱导红掌外植体脱分化的最佳配方,与其它培养基比较,愈伤组织诱导率提高50.0%~166.0%。在附加TDZ 0.3mg/L+NAA 0.1~0.4mg/L或CPPU 0.3mg/L+NAA 0.1~0.4mg/L的MS培养基上,愈伤组织均能很好分化,并能长成完整植株。 相似文献
7.
Several culture conditions were examined for promoting efficient plant regeneration from explants of Gentiana. Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of cv. WSP-3 was very superior on MS medium, compared to B5 medium, supplemented with four cytokinins (TDZ, 4PU-30, BA and zeatin). An auxin / cytokinin combination was required for regeneration. TDZ was the most effective cytokinin, while NAA was more effective than IAA or 2,4-D. Optimum conditions for regeneration from explants (leaf, stem and root) of cv. WSP-3, evaluated in terms of regeneration frequency and number of regenerated shoots per explant, were TDZ and NAA in combination, 5–10 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l for leaf and stem explants, and 10 mg/l and 1 mg/l for root explants, respectively. Application of these conditions to eight other commercial cultivars resulted in 30–100% regeneration from leaf explants. The number of chromosomes in each of ten regenerated plants of each cultivar was diploid, 2n=26. Shoots regenerated in vitro were rooted in phytohormone-free medium and transferred to soil.Abbreviations MS medium
Murashige and Skoog's medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962)
- B5 medium
Gamborg B5 medium (Gamborg et al. 1968)
- BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- TDZ
N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl urea
- 4PU-30
N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
8.
Ryoko Imaichi 《Journal of plant research》1980,93(1):25-38
Anatomical and developmental studies have been made ofHistiopteris incisa in order to obtain a reasonable interpretation of the so-called extra-axillary bud. Single, or rarely two extra-axillary
buds arise on the lateral side of the petiolar base. The branch trace appears to depart from the basiscopic margin of the
leaf trace. At the earliest stage of the leaf initiation, the leaf apical cell is cut off in one of the prismatic cells of
the shoot apical meristem. The leaf apical cell, then, cuts off segments successively to form a well-defined group of derivatives.
On the other hand, a well-recognized cell group called “outer neighboring cell group”,onc, is found adjacent to the abaxial boundary of the derivatives of the leaf apical cell. This group of cells does not originate
directly in the mother cell of the leaf apical cell. The primordium of the extra-axillary bud is always initiated in the superficial
pillar-shaped cell layer ofonc. The leaf primordium may consist of two parts, the distal part derived from the leaf apical cell and the basal part from
the adjacent cells includingonc. These facts suggest that the extra-axillary bud is of foliar nature.
This study was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists by the Ministry of Education of Japan;
no. 374222 in 1978. 相似文献
9.
TDZ和KNO3对芋试管球茎诱导的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
与浓度为5.0 mg·L-1的6-BA相比,浓度为0.2 mg·L-1的TDZ (thidiazuron)可以显著提高4个品种芋的单瓶试管球茎的个数.浓度为50 mmol·L-1的KNO3对芋试管球茎数量影响不大,但对鲜重有较大影响,单瓶试管球茎的鲜重提高幅度为12.9%. 相似文献
10.
Based on a linear mixed-effect model, we propose here a non-destructive, rapid and reliable way for estimating leaf area, leaf mass and specific leaf area (SLA) at leaf scale for broadleaf species. For the construction of the model, the product of leaf length by width (LW) was the optimum variable to predict the leaf area of five deciduous broadleaf species in northeast China. In contrast, for species with leaf thickness (T) lower than 0.10 mm, the surface metric of a leaf (e.g., LW or width) was more suitable for predicting leaf mass; and for species with leaf thickness larger than 0.10 mm, the volume metric of a leaf (e.g., the product of length, width and thickness together, LWT) was a better predictor. The linear mixed-effect model was reasonable and accurate in predicting the leaf area and leaf mass of leaves in different seasons and positions within the canopy. The mean MAE% (mean absolute error percent) values were 6.9% (with a scope of 4.1–13.0%) for leaf area and 13.8% (9.9–20.7%) for leaf mass for the five broadleaf species. Furthermore, these models can also be used to effectively estimate SLA at leaf scale, with a mean MAE% value of 11.9% (8.2–14.1%) for the five broadleaf species. We also propose that for the SLA estimation of the five broadleaf species examined, the optimum number of sample leaves necessary for good accuracy and reasonable error was 40–60. The use of the provided method would enable researchers or managers to rapidly and effectively detect the seasonal dynamic of leaf traits (e.g., leaf area, leaf mass or SLA) of the same sample leaves in the future. 相似文献
11.
Effect of PEG-treatment on the leaf growth response and auxin content in shoots of wheat seedlings 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
D.S. Veselov A.R. Mustafina I.B. Sabirjanova G.R. Akhiyarova A.V. Dedov S.U. Veselov G.R. Kudoyarova 《Plant Growth Regulation》2002,38(2):191-194
Addition of Polyethylene glycol(PEG) to the nutrient medium of wheatseedlings led to a rapid cessation of leaf growth and shrinkage, measured withahighly sensitive growth sensor, followed by a partial restoration of extensionin the subsequent 40 min. This osmotic shock resulted in IAAaccumulation in the shoots. Leaf extensibility, measured by addition of 5g as a counterweight to an extensiometer, did not change for 20min after the start of the treatment, but then increased andbecametwice as high as the initial value. Changes in leaf extensibility coincidedwitha restoration of leaf growth. Leaf shrinkage, which was observed immediatelyafter addition of the osmoticum, suggests that the initial growth response wasdue to a water deficit, which led to a decrease in cell turgor. Howeverrestoration of growth during water stress could be due to changes in cell wallrheological properties, which could be triggered by IAA accumulation. 相似文献
12.
目的:研究苯基噻二唑基脲(Thidiazuron,TDZ)对喜树愈伤组织生长及叶绿素、花青素积累的影响。方法:采用TDZ单独应用及合并植物激素对喜树愈伤组织进行了继代培养。结果:单独应用TDZ时1mg/L为组织生长最适浓度。1mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L NAA可显著促进愈伤组织的生长及叶绿素的积累,1mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L 2,4-D培养条件下花青素含量高于单独应用TDZ培养。结论:TDZ在喜树愈伤组织培养中可替代植物激素并对细胞植物色素积累有明显影响。 相似文献
13.
Berrios E. Flores Gentzbittel L. Serieys H. Alibert G. Sarrafi A. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1999,57(1):65-69
Fourteen recombinant inbred lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and their parents (PAC-2 and RHA-266) were tested for their organogenesis ability. Seeds were surface sterilized and
germinated on hormone free half strength MS basal medium containing 10 g l-1 sucrose solidified with five different gelling agents: Phytagar (Gibco laboratoires) 3 g l-1, Phytagel (Sigma) 3 g l-1, Agarose (Sigma) 5 g l-1, Arcagel (Sigma) 4 g l-1 and Agar-Agar (Fisher France) 7 g l-1. Cotyledons from 2-day-old seedlings were split in half and the four explants of each seed were cultived in 55 mm diameter
petri dishes containing 10 ml of MS medium supplemented with 50 μM KNO3, 1 μM myo-inositol, 5 μM casein hydrolysate, 4.4 μM of BA and 5.4 μM of NAA solidified with the same gelling agents. The
experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3 replications. A replicate for each genotype consisted of ten petri
dishes containing four explants. The statistical analysis showed significant differences among genotypes and gelling agents.
Of the fourteen recombinant inbred lines tested `C93' presented the highest values for all regeneration traits in the five
different media and it was better than the best parent. Agarose and Agar-Agar were more better than other gelling agents for
shoot induction.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
The effect of N supply on shoot and leaf lifespan was investigated in established stands of four herbaceous Carex species which differed in maximum dry matter production. These species were, in rank order of increasing maximum dry matter production (per unit ground area): Carex diandraC. rostrata. The observed patterns of shoot and leaf turnover were compared with data on leaf characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency indices of these species. There was no consistent difference in shoot production (number of shoots produced per unit ground area) between species with low production and those with high production: Carex diandra (low production) and C. lasiocarpa (high production) had high shoot production, while shoot production in c. rostrata (low production) and C. acutiformis (high production) was much lower. The rank order of the mean lifespan of shoots was: C. diandra. Thus, the lifespan of shoots increased with increasing maximum dry matter production of these Carex species. In all species, increased N supply led to a significant reduction in shoot lifespan. The reduction of shoot lifespans in response to enhanced N supply will result in increased nutrient turnover rates in these species. There was no consistent difference in the number of leaves produced per shoot between low-production and high-production species. C. diandra and C. lasiocarpa had relatively low leaf production, while C. rostrata and C. acutiformis had relatively high leaf production per shoot. Thus, this pattern is opposite to the pattern in shoot production. The rank order of the mean lifespan of leaves was: C. diandra. This implies that the high-production species had longer mean leaf lifespans than the low-production species. Mean leaf lifespan was not significantly affected by enhanced N supply, except in C. diandra, where leaf lifespan decreased in response to enhanced N supply. Shoot lifespans did not show any significant relation with the specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit leaf mass) or the leaf area ratio (LAR, leaf area per unit plant mass) of the species under study. There was, however, a negative relation (r
2=0.71) with the nitrogen concentration in the leaves. Shoot lifespans were positively related (r
2=0.79) with whole-plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE, dry matter production per unit N-loss) and with the mean residence time of nitrogen (MRT, the average time-span during which a unit of nitrogen is present in the plant) (r
2=0.78), but not with the nitrogen productivity (A, annual dry matter production per unit N in the plant). Leaf lifespan was positively related with the mean residence time of nitrogen in the plants (r
2–0.70). For all the other parameters, there were no significant relations with leaf lifespan. From these results we conclude that: (1) at the stand level, shoot and leaf lifespans are positively related with maximum dry matter production; and (2) shoot and leaf lifespan are important determinants of whole-plant nitrogen economy. 相似文献
15.
The generation of vascular pattern formation in plants is an interesting process of pattern formation in organisms. It is well known that the plant hormone auxin is involved in plant vascular differentiation and that the PIN1 protein, an auxin efflux carrier, localizes to one side of the cell membrane. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the formation of leaf venation. One is the canalization hypothesis that is based on the assumption that a positive feedback regulation exists between the flow of a signal molecule and the capacity of its flow. Here, we attempted to integrate the canalization hypothesis and experimental data. We investigated models of the positive feedback regulation between the auxin flow and PIN1 localization. Model 1, with conserved PIN1 amount in each cell, can generate a branching pattern similar to that of plant leaf venation. We introduced the diffusible enhancer "e" into the model as unknown factor. The obtained patterns show a quasi-periodic distribution of auxin flow paths, when the model dynamics includes domain growth. In order to understand the early initiation process that generates an inhomogeneity from an almost homogeneous distribution, we introduced model 2, a simplified version of model 1. Model 2 can generate inhomogeneity with a parameter dependency similar to that of model 1. To analyse parameter condition required for pattern development, approximated equations are obtained from model 2. The isocline analysis of the equations without spatial structure shows that the inhomogeneous distribution occurs from an almost homogeneous distribution. This parameter condition for generating inhomogeneity is consistent with the results of models 1 and 2. 相似文献
16.
17.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of `Alpine' Fragaria vesca, and transmission of transgenes to R1 progeny 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to stably introduce β-glucuronidase (gus) and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) marker genes into `Alpine' Fragaria vesca FRA 197, a diploid (2n = 2x = 14) strawberry. R0 generation transformants derived from a single clump of kanamycin-resistant
callus were vegetatively propagated. The presence of the gus and nptII genes in five clonal R0 runner plants was confirmed by PCR. Southern analysis suggested two sites of nptII insertion. When R1 generation seedlings obtained via self-fertilization of R0 plants were tested by histochemical assay,
591 were GUS positive and 39 were GUS negative. The R1 segregation data fit a 15 : 1 ratio (0.5 > P > 0.25), consistent with the independent segregation of two transgene insertion loci. These results demonstrate the suitability
of `Alpine' F. vesca for transgene research in strawberry.
Received: 20 March 1997 / Revision received: 29 July 1997 / Accepted: 3 September 1997 相似文献
18.
I. M. Sulaiman 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,36(3):377-380
Plantlet formation through organogenesis in callus cultures of Himalayan yellow poppy,Meconopsis paniculata D.Don (Prain), a threatened taxon of ornamental value, is described. Hypocotyl segments from 3-month-old laboratory-raised seedlings produced callus on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 10 M -naphthaleneacetic acid and 1 M kinetin. Shoots differentiated best from callus on MS containing 10 M indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 1 M 6-benzyladenine. The regenerated shoots rooted best on MS medium containing 10 M IBA. From seed germination to differentiation of plantlets through the two-step organogenesis process required 28–29 weeks.Abbreviations 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FAA
formalin-acetic acid-alcohol
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- IAA
indole-acetic acid
- IBA
indolebutyric acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- RH
relative humidity 相似文献
19.
An efficient system was developed for direct plant regeneration from in vitro-derived leaf explants of Pistacia vera L. cv. Siirt. The in vitro procedure involved four steps that included (1) induction of shoot initials from the regenerated mature leaf tissue, (2)
regeneration and elongation of shoots from the shoot initials, (3) rooting of the shoots, and (4) acclimatization of the plantlets.
The induction of shoot initials was achieved on an agarified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with Gamborg vitamins supplemented
in different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The best medium for shoot induction
was a MS medium with 1 mgl−1 IAA and 2 mgl−1 BA. Numerous shoot primordia developed within 2–3 wk on the leaf margin and the midrib region, without any callus phase.
In the second step, the shoot clumps were separated from the leaf explants and transferred to a MS medium supplemented with
1 mgl−1 BA, resulting in a differentiation of the shoot initials into well-developed shoots. The elongated shoots (>3 cm long) were
rooted on a full-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 2 mgl−1 of indole-3-butyric acid in the third stage. Finally, the rooted plants were transferred to soil with an 80% success rate.
This protocol was utilized for the in vitro clonal propagation of this important recalcitrant plant species. 相似文献
20.
Vanilla planifolia is a tropical orchid mainly known for the aromatic flavor of its cured pods. Callus cultures were initiated from leaf and
nodal explants of V. planifolia. Leaf explants showed better callus initiation than the nodal explants with callus biomass production maximal when cultured
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 4.52 mM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2.22 mM benzyladenine (BAP).
Callus transferred to MS basal medium supplemented with 13.32 μM BAP, and 13.43 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) showed superior
growth response and produced 14.0 ± 1.0 shoots with an average length of 3.6 ± 0.1 cm after 40 d. Subsequent transfer of the
proliferated shootlets to MS basal medium supplemented with 8.88 μM BAP and 8.08 μM NAA produced 12.3 ± 0.14 plantlets with
an average height of 3.6 cm ± 0.10 cm. All plantlets produced profuse rooting within 35–40 d after transfer to half-strength
MS basal medium supplemented with NAA in combination with indole-3-acetic acid. Rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening,
with 80% of the plantlets becoming successfully established in the field. Potentially, more than 100,000 plantlets could be
produced within eight subcultures from callus obtained from leaf explant through the methods described here. 相似文献