中国副蟑跳小蜂属分类研究及两新种记述（膜翅目：跳小蜂科）

记述了分布于中国的副蟑跳小蜂属Parablatticida的6 种,其中有2 新种：P. orientalis sp. nov.和P. scapata sp. nov.;P. brevicornis (Dalman),P. magniclava Hayat和 P. terebrata (Trjapitzin) 为中国新记录种。文中提供了分种检索表、形态特征图。模式标本及其他研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

感染稻水象甲的Wolbachia基因组中插入序列的鉴定与分析

共生细菌Wolbachia对宿主的生殖起多种调控作用。以往研究表明, Wolbachia基因组中广泛存在插入序列(insertion sequence, IS), 它们对宿主基因组的可塑性、 多样性和进化起重要作用。稻水象甲Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel在东亚是一种外来水稻害虫, 在原产地北美营两性生殖, 而在所有入侵地均营孤雌生殖。本研究采用PCR法从河北唐海孤雌生殖型稻水象甲体内克隆获得了Wolbachia的2条IS序列, 即ISWosp4和ISWosp6; 从美国德克萨斯州两性生殖型稻水象甲成虫体内克隆获得了Wolbachia的2条IS序列, 即ISWosp3和ISWosp5。碱基序列比对显示: ISWosp3和ISWosp4属于IS3家族IS3组成员, ISWosp5为IS4家族IS231组成员, ISWosp6为IS5家族IS1031组成员。对这些IS的ORF结构、 所编码氨基酸序列的结构等进行了分析, 推测ISWosp5具有潜在转座活性。所得结果增进了我们对Wolbachia IS3, IS4和IS5家族插入序列的认识, 同时为今后从IS的角度探讨Wolbachia与稻水象甲生殖的关系奠定了基础。     

家蚕细胞色素P450基因Bmcyp6u1的克隆、序列分析与表达谱

细胞色素P450第6亚家族基因为昆虫所特有,与抗性相关。为了检测家蚕Bombyx mori cyp6u1基因是否与耐氟性相关,首先克隆了cyp6u1基因。采用生物信息学方法获得与黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster cyp6u1基因同源的家蚕B. mori cyp6u1基因序列, 预测该序列的开放阅读框（ORF）为1 476 bp, 编码491个氨基酸, 推定的蛋白质分子质量为56.15 kD, 等电点为9.23。以家蚕5龄第3天幼虫精巢cDNA为模板, 设计特异引物PCR扩增出一条约1 500 bp的条带, 大小与家蚕cyp6u1序列的ORF预测值接近, 命名为Bmcyp6u1基因（GenBank登录号：HM130560）。同源性分析表明, Bmcyp6u1基因与蜜蜂Apis mellifera的同源基因cyp6AS13的相似性为56%, 与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana的cyp72A82的相似性为48%, 与人Homo sapiens的cyp3A7基因的相似性为50%。芯片数据分析表明, Bmcyp6u1基因在家蚕5龄第3天幼虫各组织表达量很低, 只在精巢组织(5龄第3天)稍有表达, 推测该基因具有组织特异性。     

棉铃虫P450基因CYP6AE12和CYP9A18的克隆与mRNA表达水平

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆到2个新的棉铃虫细胞色素P450基因：CYP6AE12和CYP9A18。CYP6AE12的cDNA编码区长1 569 bp,编码523个氨基酸;CYP9A18的cDNA编码区长1 590 bp,编码530个氨基酸。用实时定量PCR技术分析了这2个基因在棉铃虫YS敏感品系和YS-FP抗性品系(由氰戊菊酯加辛硫磷混剂筛选YS品系而得) 6龄幼虫脂肪体和中肠中mRNA的表达水平。结果表明：CYP6AE12和CYP9A18的mRNA表达具有组织特异性,CYP6AE12在脂肪体中表达量较高,而CYP9A18在中肠中的表达量较高。与相对敏感品系YS相比,CYP6AE12在YS-FP抗性品系中肠和脂肪体中的mRNA表达量分别为YS品系的3.6倍和1.3倍;CYP9A18在YS-FP品系中肠和脂肪体的mRNA表达量分别为YS品系的0.3倍和1.0倍。CYP6AE12的过量表达与YS-FP品系棉铃虫的抗药性可能有一定关系。     

香港潜蝇科(双翅目)的分类研究

报道了香港22种潜蝇科昆虫,其中包括5新种、6个中国大陆新记录种。新种模式标本分藏于下列两处： Melanagromyza squamifera sp. nov., Ophiomyia imparispina sp. nov., Phytomyza redunca sp. nov.的模式标本保存于日本东京自然博物馆; Melanagromyza dipetala sp. nov., Ophiomyia vasta sp. nov.的模式标本保存于美国夏威夷比肖普博物馆。     

铃刺蛾属在中国的首次发现及七新种记述（鳞翅目：刺蛾科）

首次报道铃刺蛾属Kitanola Matsumura及环铃刺蛾K. uncula (Staudinger)在中国有分布,并记述7新种,即针铃刺蛾K. spina sp. nov.,小针铃刺蛾K. spinula sp. nov.,线铃刺蛾K. linea sp. nov.,灰白铃刺蛾K. albigrisea sp. nov.,蔡氏铃刺蛾K. caii sp. nov.,短颚铃刺蛾K. brachygnatha sp. nov.和宽颚铃刺蛾K. eurygnatha sp. nov.。编制了本属中国已知种的检索表,提供了成虫彩色照片和外生殖器特征图。新种模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

共生菌Cardinium对朱砂叶螨的生殖调控作用

为了了解共生菌Cardinium对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)的生殖调控作用,从检测到感染Cardinium的种群中选取山西运城和甘肃兰州2个感染率较高的种群作为实验材料,对Cardinium在寄主生殖调控方面的作用进行研究。通过人工培养100%感染Cardinium的种群和100%不感染的种群,并从中挑取不同感染类型的雌雄螨单独进行杂交实验,设立感染Cardinium(♀)×感染Cardinium(♂),感染Cardinium(♀)×不感染(♂),不感染(♀)×感染Cardinium(♂),不感染(♀)×不感染(♂) 4种杂交组合。结果发现,抗生素处理后不感染的雌螨和受感染雄螨的交配表现出了单向的胞质不亲和,而且2个种群表现出了2种类型：在山西种群不亲和的组合中,CI表现为卵孵化率显著降低,多数雌螨都产生出F₁雌螨后代,但是F₁代雌螨数量相对于其他3种组合明显减少; 而在甘肃种群不亲和的组合中则表现为卵全部孵化且幼螨100%存活,但全部为雄螨后代。2个种群中Cardinium的亲缘关系非常相近,而它们却能够在不同的地理种群中表现出不同的CI表型,这提示亲缘关系非常接近的品系也可以产生不同的表型。研究结果为深入揭示Cardinium的感染机制和生殖调控作用提供重要基础。     

中国隐毒甲属分类研究及四新种记述

记述中国隐毒甲属Cryphaeus Klug, 1833的4新种: 短角隐毒甲C. brevicornus sp. nov.,长角隐毒甲C. longicornus sp. nov.,短毛隐毒甲C. barbellatus sp. nov.和歪角隐毒甲C. obliquicornus sp .nov.。模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。给出中国及部分周边地区已知种雄性和雌性检索表。     

阿维菌素和哒螨灵亚致死剂量对土耳其斯坦叶螨实验种群生命表的影响

为了了解阿维菌素和哒螨灵对土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov et Nikolski实验种群的亚致死效应, 为新疆土耳其斯坦叶螨的综合防治提供理论依据, 我们在室内通过叶碟饲养的方法, 利用生命表技术研究了阿维菌素和哒螨灵亚致死剂量对土耳其斯坦叶螨实验种群成螨和卵的影响。结果表明: 阿维菌素和哒螨灵LC₂₀、LC₁₀剂量处理成螨后, 可使成螨的产卵量、平均寿命和卵孵化率显著降低; 卵期、幼螨期、若螨期和产卵前期明显延长, 而成螨期和雌螨寿命又明显低于对照; 对次代种群的影响表现在净生殖率(R₀)、 周限增长率(λ)降低、生存率和平均每雌日产卵率明显降低, 内禀增长率（r_m）由0.37降低至0.17～0.29, 平均世代历期(T)除阿维菌素LC₂₀处理时长于对照外, 其他处理均低于对照, 种群倍增时间(Dt)延长。两种药剂亚致死剂量处理卵后, 内禀增长率（r_m）由0.32降低至0.11～0.22, 净生殖率(R₀)降低, 平均世代历期(T)和周限增长率(λ)降低, 而种群加倍时间(Dt)增长; 幼螨期、若螨期和产卵前期明显长于对照, 成螨期和雌螨寿命显著低于对照; 生存率和平均每雌日产雌率明显降低。这些结果证明, 在亚致死剂量下, 阿维菌素和哒螨灵能够降低土耳其斯坦叶螨种群的发育速率, 这对土耳其斯坦叶螨的综合防治策略的制定有积极意义。     

棉铃虫P450基因CYP9A12酵母表达产物对拟除虫菊酯的代谢作用

细胞色素P450氧化酶解毒代谢作用增强是棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗性的主要原因,棉铃虫细胞色素P450氧化酶基因CYP9A12的组成型过量表达与拟除虫菊酯抗性相关。为了进一步明确棉铃虫细胞色素P450氧化酶基因CYP9A12与拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性的关系,采用酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae表达系统异源表达了CYP9A12基因,检测了该基因的酵母表达产物对溴氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯和联苯菊酯4种药剂的离体代谢作用。结果表明：含有CYP9A12外源基因的重组酵母细胞裂解液对溴氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和联苯菊酯的代谢率分别为8.58,5.85和3.94 pmol/min·mg protein,而没有检测到对甲氰菊酯的代谢。本研究表明了CYP9A12具有代谢多种拟除虫菊酯的能力,也为CYP9A12参与拟除虫菊酯的解毒代谢提供了直接证据。     

Length-weight and length-length relationships of three fish species from the Qingshui River in Guizhou province,Southwest China

The present study describes the length-weight (LWR) and length-length (LLR) relationships for three indigenous fish species from the Qingshui River, southwestern China. Fishes were collected by electrofishing in May 2015 in the middle Qingshui River. Total length (TL), standard length (SL) and fork length (FL) were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with a digital calliper and weight (W) was determined with an electronic balance to an accuracy of 0.01 g. In addition, provides a new maximum total length for two species.     

Length‐weight and length‐length relationships of three tidepool fish species in the Amazon Coastal Zone of Brazil

Length‐weight relationships (LWR) and length‐length relationships (LLR) were analyzed for three species inhabiting tidepools in the Amazon Coastal Zone, two of them non‐native. Tidepools were sampled in five beaches along the Amazon Coastal Zone in 2011, and samplings were carried out using hand nets. The coefficients of allometry and proportionality were within the ranges estimated for fishes. All three species exhibited coefficients of allometry (b) higher than 3 in the LWR.     

Length‐weight relationship of freshwater fish,Puntius shalynius Yazdani and Talukdar (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), in Meghalaya,India

The present investigation gives the length‐weight relationship (LWR) of Puntius shalynius in Meghalaya, India. The samples for the study were collected from Umiam river. The value of the exponent ‘b’ in the LWR was less than 3, with 0.885 for males and 1.616 in females. This shows that the species exhibit allometric growth pattern. There was no difference in LWR between sexes and seasons.     

Length–weight relationships in seven ornamental freshwater species of Characiformes from the Unini River basin (Brazilian Amazon)

The aim of the current study was to address length‐weight relationships (LWRs) in seven ornamental fish species from the Unini River basin—the main tributary of lower Negro River (Brazilian Amazon). Specimens were seasonally sampled by using hand nets and beach seines (mesh size < 1 mm) in five different occasions (August 2009—December 2010). Preserved specimens (initially kept in 10% formalin and transferred to 70% ethanol 10 days later) were measured and weighted in laboratory. The LWR was calculated based on a log‐transformed linear regression. The maximum standard length of each species was different from the ones previously reported at Fishbase. In addition, b values were different from the ones reported for the four species whose data were available in the literature.     

东北阔叶红松林地表葬甲群落多样性及其空间变异特征

为了探明我国东北阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林地表葬甲多样性及其空间变异特征,在胜山、丰林、凉水和长白山的4个大型森林动态监测样地内,通过布置900个陷阱调查了36 hm²范围内的地表葬甲群落基本特征。基于群落物种数量、个体数量和总体长,分析了地表葬甲多样性及其空间变异性。结果表明：(1)东北阔叶红松林区域物种库包含12个葬甲物种,密度为0.018只/m²,总平均体长达0.32 mm/m²。北方花葬甲(Nicrophorus tenuipes)是东北阔叶红松林内的广布物种,黑葬甲(Nicrophorus concolor)等五个物种具有明显的生境偏好,仅存在于单个局域物种库内。(2)物种数量、个体数量和总体长在胜山、丰林、凉水和长白山样地存在明显差异,其中纬度较低的局域物种库(凉水、长白山)可维持更高的物种多样性,纬度最高的局域物种库(胜山)维持较低的物种多样性。(3)地表葬甲群落在胜山和丰林样地存在显著的空间自相关性,在凉水和长白山样地则不显著。(4)葬甲群落具有较明显的空间异质性,长白山样地的空间变异...     

Length–weight relationship for nine freshwater fish species from Wujiang River in China

Length–weight (LWR) relationships were estimated for nine fish species collected in the Wujiang River located near the city of Chongqing, China. The value of the exponent ‘b’ in the LWR was between 2.594 and 3.528, which shows that the species exhibit an allometric growth pattern. All relationships between total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were linear (in all cases: r² > 0.913).     

Length‐weight relationships of six native and one introduced species in small perennial watercourses of the Chocó region of Ecuador

This study estimated the length‐weight relationship (LWR) of seven species (six native species and one introduced species) in two small perennial watercourses of the Chocó region of Ecuador. Specimens were collected bimonthly with two different fishing methods between August 2016 and July 2017 (Seine net: 46 × 21.20 m, 3 mm mesh size and casting net: 2.10 m radius, 10 mm mesh size). This is the first report of the LWR and a new report on maximum length for two endemic species (Eretmobrycon ecuadorensis and Andinoacara blombergi). The intercept (a) of the LWR ranged from 0.0124 to 0.0316 and the slope (b) ranged from 3.03 and 3.16. The LWRs are useful and, in connection with the collection of other key data on fish biology and the environment they can contribute to management and conservation of the local inland fisheries.     

Length–weight and length–length relationships of 10 small fish species from the Ganges, Bangladesh

This study describes the length–weight (LWR) and length–length (LLR) relationships for ten small indigenous fish species from the lower part of the Ganges, Bangladesh, namely Ailia coila , Amblypharyngodon mola , Aspidoparia morar , Clupisoma atherinoides , Eutropiichthyes vacha , Glossogobius giuris , Gudusia chapra , Lepidocephalus guntea , Mystus vittatus , and Puntius ticto . A total of 2142 specimens, representing 10 species of 5 families used for this study were caught by traditional fishing gear from March 2006 to February 2007. Standard length (SL), total length (TL) and fork length (FL) for each specimen were measured by digital slide calipers and each body weight (BW) was taken by a digital balance. The allometric coefficient b of the LWR was close to the isometric value ( b  =   3.001) in G. giuris , although it suggested negative allometric growth in A. coila, A. morar, C. atherinoides, E. vacha, and P. ticto, whilst positive allometric growth in rest of the species. The results further indicated that the LLRs were highly correlated ( r ²  >   0.890; P < 0.01). To the best our knowledge, this study presented the first reference on LWR and LLR for most of the species in Bangladesh.     

Length‐weight relationships of seven fish species from Jequitinhonha River basin,southeastern Brazil

The present study established the length‐weight relationships (LWR) for seven fish species from Jequitinhonha River basin, a Brazilian coastal drainage, collected with gillnets (3 to 16 cm) between 2011 and 2016. For the LWR, standard length and total weight were used. The allometric coefficient b varied from 2.66 to 3.26. These results provide biological data for a region of extreme biogeographical importance that is suffering serious environmental disturbances.     

Length‐weight relationship of 21 fish species from Rio Doce River basin,Minas Gerais,Brazil

The present study provides the length‐weight relationship (LWR) for 21 fish species from eight rivers from Rio Doce River basin, Minas Gerais States, Brazil. Fishes were collected between August 1991 and September 2017, with gillnets, hand nets, cast nets and trawl nets. Standard length and total weight were measured for the LWR, which allometric coefficients b varied from 2.621 to 3.146.