A STUDY OF THE GENUS POLΥOMMATUS LATREILLE (LEPIDOPTERA, LYCAENIDAE) FROM CHANGBAI MOUNTAINS,WITH A NEWLY RECORDED SPECIES FROM CHINA

记述长白山区眼灰蝶属4种,其中兹眼灰蝶Polyommatus tsvetaevi (Kurentzov,1970)为中国新纪录种,编制分种检索表,提供成虫照片和外生殖器特征图.因阿眼灰蝶Polyommatus amanda和酷眼灰蝶Polyommatus semiargus在长白山的亚种名均为amurensis,因此,amurensis Tutt,1909就成为amurensis(Staudinger,1892)的次同名,需要提出替代名Polyommatus semiargus changbaishanensis nom.nov.     

中国何华灰蝶属一新种（鳞翅目：灰蝶科）

本文记述产自我国广东省的何华灰蝶属Ｈｏｗａｒｔｈｉａ１新种,即陈氏何华灰蝶ＨｏｗａｒｔｈｉａｃｈｅｎｉＣｈｏｕｅｔＷａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,种名以采集者姓氏命名。陈氏何华灰蝶ＨｃｗａｒｔｈｉａｃｈｅｎｉＣｈｏｕｅｔＷａｎｇ,新种（图１）前翅长１８ｍｍ,触角长８ｍｍ。新种与四川产的柯氏何华灰蝶Ｈｏｗａｒｔｈｉａｃｏｕｒｖｏｉｓｉｅｒｉ（Ｏｂｅｒｔｈｕｒ）相近似,但前翅正面蓝色斑小,后翅只在中部有一极小的蓝斑,后翅反面ＣｕＡ２室内的眼状斑的黑色瞳孔大,覆盖有银灰色鳞片,并向外缘扩散,前翅反面ＣｕＡ２及１Ａ＋２Ａ室内的亚缘线内侧各有一大而显著的黑斑。正模♂,广东乳源,１９９４—Ⅴ—３,陈锡昌采。标本存西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。     

工灰蝶属的修订（鳞翅目：灰蝶科）

工灰蝶属ＧｏｎｅｒｉｌｉａＳｈｉｒｚｕｅｔＹａｍａｍｏｔｏ为线灰蝶亚科Ｔｈｅｃｌｉｎａｅ的１个小属,目前已知４种,本文记述采自陕西秦岭的１个新种,即佩工灰蝶,并对该属各种的寄主植物及地理分布进行了总结,讨论了该属的分类地位。佩工灰蝶Ｇｏｎｅｒｉｌｉａｐｅｓｔｈｉｓ,新种（图１）♂前翅长１４．０ｍｍ,触角长５．５ｍｍ。新种与银线工灰蝶ＧｏｎｅｒｉｌｉａｔｈｅｓｐｉｓＬｅｅｃｈ相近似,主要区别为前翅正面顶角处的黑斑大,前缘黄色;缘毛黑色;翅反面底色黄褐色,较暗;雄性外生殖器抱器基部宽,颚形突镰状。正模♂,陕西省周至县,１９９４－ＶＩ－１４,王敏采。存西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。     

中国灰蝶科一新属一新种：鳞翅目：灰蝶科

中国灰蝶科一新属一新种（鳞翅目：灰蝶科）周尧,王敏（西北农业大学昆虫研究所陕西省杨陵区７１２１００）本文记述我国灰蝶科１新属１新种,即秦灰蝶属ＱｉｎｏｒａＰａｌａｇｅｎ．ｎ．及其模式种秦灰蝶Ｑｉｎｏｒａｐａｌａａｉｎｌｉｎｍｎａｓｎｎ。新属与燕灰蝶属...     

基于线粒体 COI 和 Cytb 基因的中国灰蝶三亚科主要类群间的系统发育关系分析

【目的】针对中国灰蝶科中亲缘关系较近的3个主要亚科［灰蝶亚科(Lycaeninae)、线灰蝶亚科(Theclinae)以及眼灰蝶亚科(Polyommatina)］,基于线粒体基因序列数据研究它们主要类群间的系统发育关系。【方法】对3亚科共53种灰蝶的线粒体 COI 和 Cytb 基因进行序列测定和序列变异分析,同时,基于最大似然法(maximum likelihood, ML)和贝叶斯法(bayesian inference, BI)等建树方法重建53种灰蝶的系统发育树。【结果】串联的2个基因共1 431 bp,其中保守位点855个,可变位点576个,简约信息位点488个;A+T的平均含量为74.5%,明显高于G+C的平均含量(25.5%)。系统树显示,灰蝶亚科以及眼灰蝶亚科均是单系发生,线灰蝶亚科则为并系群。全部灰蝶物种共分为三大支系：灰蝶亚科为第1支系;眼灰蝶亚科与线灰蝶亚科中的旖灰蝶族(Hypolycaenini)、富丽灰蝶族(Aphnaeini)分别构成单系群并互为姊妹群,它们共同构成第2支系;线灰蝶亚科中的美灰蝶族(Eumaeini)、玳灰蝶族(Deudorigini)、娆灰蝶族(Arhopalini)和线灰蝶族(Theclini)构成第3支系,其亲缘关系为：（（（线灰蝶族+娆灰蝶族）+玳灰蝶族）+美灰蝶族）。【结论】本研究涉及的3个灰蝶亚科中,灰蝶亚科是一个独立的支系,眼灰蝶亚科与线灰蝶亚科之间有较近的亲缘关系,但它们内部主要类群间的系统发育关系还需要进一步的研究。     

秦岭玄灰蝶属雄性外生殖器比较形态学研究(鳞翅目,灰蝶科)

对秦岭玄灰蝶属Tongeia 5种的雄性外生殖器进行了比较形态学研究.结果表明,不同种间的雄性外生殖器存在差异,可作为种类鉴别依据.     

南岭南北坡灰蝶的区系组成与生态分布

南岭是我国重要的动植物发源地和保存地,研究南岭蝴蝶的区系和生态分布对保护蝴蝶的多样性具有重要意义。通过对南岭中段南北坡的灰蝶进行多年的调查,结果表明:南岭保护区共记录到灰蝶101种,82.178%的种分布在东洋区。按中国动物区系划分,南岭灰蝶主要分布在华南、华中、西南三个区。从灰蝶在南岭南北坡的分布来看,2012-2014年在南北坡调查点共发现灰蝶865头,分别属于31个种,其中南坡共发现470头(隶属于27个种)、北坡228头(隶属于13个种)。这说明南坡的灰蝶种数多,是北坡种数的2倍;南坡的种群密度也比北坡高,是北坡的2.06倍。从同一坡向不同海拔来看,南坡1000-1100 m与500-600 m两个海拔的灰蝶种类数相同,但前者的种群密度为后者的1.55倍;北坡灰蝶种数与种群密度1000-1100 m均高于500-600 m;山顶灰蝶种类少。     

中国灰蝶科一新记录属三新记录种

本文报道发现于我国云南的灰蝶科Ｌｙｃａｅｎｉｄａｅ１新记录属：塔灰蝶属Ｔｈａｄｕｋａ Ｍｏｏｒｅ,［１８７９］;３新记录种：塔灰蝶Ｔｈａｄｕｋａ ｍｕｌｔｉｃａｎｄａｔａ Ｍｏｏｒｅ,［１８７９］,佩娆灰蝶Ａｒｈｏｐａｌａ ｐｅｒｉｍｕｔａ （Ｍｏｏｒｅ,［１８５８］）和迪花灰蝶Ｆｌｏｓ ｄｉａｒｄｉ（Ｈｅｗｉｔｓｏｎ,１８６２）。     

酢浆灰蝶生物学特性研究

通过野外观察、室内饲养等方法研究了酢浆灰蝶Pseudozizeeria maha(Kollar)的生活史及生物学特性。在南京地区,该蝶幼虫以酢浆草科Oxalidaceae的黄花酢浆草(Oxalis corniculataL.)为食,1年5代,世代交替发生。酢浆灰蝶在10月末以蛹在枯枝落叶或土壤表层浅洞中越冬,越冬代成虫次年5月始见、中旬为高峰期,5月中旬始见第1代卵及幼虫,6—10月间各月各虫态均同时发生,期间每月中下旬为成虫活动高峰期。幼虫共4龄,野外2～4龄幼虫具迁移、避热与适蚁行为。在室内饲养条件下,卵期为3～4d,幼虫期为22～26d,蛹期为6～7d。     

苏铁豆荚灰蝶的生物学特性及发生规律

豆荚灰蝶（ＥｎｃｈｙｒｓｏｐｓｃｎｅｊｕｓＦａｂｒＣｉｕｓ）,别名鸡豆蝶,分布于我国大陆南部、台湾省、以及印度、泰国、马来西亚、缅甸、斯里兰卡等国．据文献记载,豆荚灰蝶仅为害豆科的几种植物,包括台湾野葛（Ｐｕｅｒａｒｉａｌｏｂａｔａ（Ｗｉｌｄ．）Ｏｈ...     

寄生钻蛀害虫的瘦角姬蜂属(膜翅目,姬蜂科)二新种及中国已知种检索表

报道寄生天牛的瘦角姬蜂属Ischnoceros Gravenhorst,1829 2新种:天牛瘦角姬蜂I.eutetraphae sp.nov.,寄生直脊天牛Eutetrapha sedecimpunctata(Motschulsky) ;松瘦角姬蜂I.laricinus sp.nov.,寄生云杉花墨天牛Monochamus saltuarius Gebler。编制了中国已知种检索表。天牛瘦角姬蜂,新种Ischnocero s eutetraphae sp.nov.(图1 ~3)新种与北海道瘦角姬蜂I.sapporensis Uchida,1928 ,相近,可通过下列特征区别:并胸腹节基区与中区由横脊分隔,侧突高为触角第2鞭节直径的1.5 ~1.6倍;腹部第2节背板具横细纹;翅基片褐色;中足基节大部分为红褐色;中足腿节红褐色或主要为红色。北海道瘦角姬蜂:并胸腹节基区与中区合并,无横脊分隔,侧突高约等于触角第2鞭节直径;腹部第2节背板具刻点;翅基片褐黑色;中足基节和中足腿节黑色。正模♀,辽宁新宾, 546m, 2005-08-20 ,盛茂领。副模: 1♀,辽宁新宾, 546m, 2005-06-09 ,盛茂领; 1 ♂,吉林伊通, 336m,2005-05-17 ,盛茂领。寄主:直脊天牛Eutetrapha sedecimpunctata(Motschulsky)。寄主植物:紫椴Tilia amurensis Rupr.。松瘦角姬蜂,新种Ischnoceros laricinus sp.nov.(图4 ~7)本种与三峡瘦角姬蜂I.sanxiaensis Wang,1997相近,可通过下列特征区别:并胸腹节第1侧区具清晰的斜纵皱;腹部第3 ~6节背板具横细纹;产卵器鞘长为后足胫节长的1.4~1.6倍;产卵器腹瓣端部,在脊的内侧具1粗糙区。三峡瘦角姬蜂:并胸腹节第1侧区具清晰的刻点;腹部第3 ~6节背板具稠密的刻点;产卵器鞘长约为后足胫节长的1.1倍;产卵器腹瓣端部无粗糙区。正模♀,吉林大兴沟, 586m, 2005-07-02 ,盛茂领。副模: 1♀,1 ♂,吉林大兴沟, 586m, 2005-07-01 ~03 ,盛茂领; 1 ♂,辽宁新宾, 546m, 2005-06-10 ,盛茂领; 1♀,3 ♂♂,辽宁本溪, 418m, 2006-06-20 ,盛茂领。寄主:云杉花墨天牛Monochamus saltuarius Gebler。寄主植物:兴安落叶松Larix gmelinii(Rupr.)Rupr.。瘦角姬蜂属中国已知种检索表1.额具稠密的横皱……………………………………………………2额无皱………………………………………………………………32.并胸腹节基部中央具1半圆形深凹,基区两侧的纵脊平行;产卵器腹瓣端部,在纵脊的内侧具1段粗糙的纵带;后足腿节黑色……………………………暗足瘦角姬蜂I.pedipullus Sheng并胸腹节基部中央无半圆形凹,基区两侧的纵脊向前强烈分散;产卵器腹瓣光滑,无粗糙的纵带;后足腿节红色赤足瘦角姬蜂I.rusticus(Geoffroy)…………………………………………3.腹部第3 ~6节背板具稠密的刻点三峡瘦角姬蜂I.sanxiaensisWang………………………………………………………………腹部第3 ~6节背板具稠密的细横线纹…………………………44.产卵器腹瓣端部,在纵脊的内侧具1段粗糙的纵带松瘦角姬蜂,新种I.laricinus sp.nov.……………………………………产卵器腹瓣光滑,无粗糙的纵带…………………………………55.腹部第1节背板的中纵脊至少伸抵气门;第2节背板具清晰的横线纹;基节具较大的红褐斑;中足腿节红褐色或主要为红色天牛瘦角姬蜂,新种I.eutetraphae sp.nov.………………………腹部第1节背板的中纵脊至多伸达基部至气门的一半;第2节背板无横线纹;基节黑色;中足腿节黑色………………………………………北海道瘦角姬蜂I.sapporensis Uchida     

主要伴生树种叶粉对紫椴幼苗生长的影响

 紫椴(Tilia amurensis)是我国东北东部山地的重要造林树种之一,常常与红松(Pinus koraiensis)、云杉(Picea koraiensis)及水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)等针阔叶树混生,因此,研究这些针阔叶树种对紫椴生长的影响,对于进一步了解这些树种的化感作用和选择适合营造混交林的搭配树种均具有重要意义。本文是通过大量的盆栽实验,以紫椴、水曲柳、红松和云杉等叶粉混拌火山灰进行培育紫椴幼苗,研究这些树种对紫椴生长的影响。实验表明,红松、云杉等针叶树对紫椴幼苗的生长具有明显的抑制作用,并找出紫椴幼苗高生长与针叶含量的相关性。     

Taxonomy, evolutionary biology and biogeography of South West European Polyommatus coridon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Genetic relationships among 15 South West European populations of Polyommatus coridon were evaluated by the electrophoretic study of 16 gene-enzyme systems. Nei's indexes I and D and other statistics demonstrated that two different species are involved, identifiable as Polyommatus coridon (six populations from Southern France and Italy) and Polyommatus caelestissimus (nine populations from Spain), respectively. The Spanish complex is characterized by a different genetic balance, involving much higher degree of interdemic differentiation. It also differs from populations from France and Italy on one alternative locus showing complete fixation. Species-level distinction is independent of haploid chromosome numbers that vary from 87 to 88 in both groups. An evaluation of selective pressures as operated by climatic factors was attempted. The Pleistocene radiation of this group and consequent patterns of the gene flow were reconstructed using spatial autocorrelation analysis.     

长白山阔叶红松林中红松与紫椴的空间分布格局及其关联性

以长白山阔叶红松林25hm2样地调查数据为基础,采用点格局分析方法O-ring统计,分析了红松与紫椴两个优势树种在主林层、次林层和林下层的空间分布格局,以及各林层之间的种内和种间关联性.结果表明:在小尺度上,红松和紫椴总体上呈聚集性分布,但不同林层的分布格局各异.物种在较低的林层呈明显的聚集分布,而在较高的林层则呈随机或规则分布,聚集度随林层的增高而降低.主林层与次林层红松在<11m的尺度内呈明显的正相关.主林层与次林层、林下层紫椴之间呈负相关.红松和紫椴在整体上表现为正相关,但不同林层间的关联性各异.主林层红松与3个林层紫椴之间没有明显的关联性;次林层红松与次林层紫椴在>4m的尺度上呈负相关,而与林下层紫椴没有明显的关联性;主林层紫椴与次林层红松在0~100m尺度内都表现为显著正相关.     

记黑龙江畔一鸭嘴龙足印化石

2002年9月,来自七个国家的地层古生物学者,在中国吉林省长春市吉林大学举行了“黑龙江流域白垩纪生物群及K／T界线国际学术研讨会”。会议之后学者们对黑龙江沿岸中新生界地层进行了实地踏勘,在踏勘的过程中在嘉荫县永安村之东南1．2km的黑龙江岸边发现了一滚石板,其上保存一较完整的大型恐龙足印。足印印迹在厚层钙质胶结的粗砂岩上,经查对化石产出岩层为嘉荫群永安村组(Sun et a1．,2003)。化石是一大型的三趾的足印(tridactyl),三趾短粗,中趾呈U型,趾间有蹼的痕迹,造印者应是一只鸭嘴龙(Thulbom,1990)。黑龙江省嘉荫县是我国第一只命名的恐龙——黑龙江满洲龙(Mandschurosaurus amurensis)化石的产出地,化石产自嘉荫群渔亮子组(Riabinin,1925,1930;Dong,1992)。本文记述的标本是嘉荫群中发现的第一件足印化石,也是我国鸭嘴龙类足印化石的首次记录(甄朔南等,1996)。     

Nodulation response of woody Papilionoid species after inoculation with rhizobia and soil from Hawaii,Asia and North America

Among subfamilies in the Fabaceae, the capacity to form root nodules is most common in the Papilionoideae. Yet nodules have never been observed on species of Cladrastis, and there are conflicting reports of the capacity of species in the genus Styphnolobium to nodulate. Our objectives were to evaluate Styphnolobium japonicum (formerly Sophora japonica) and Cladrastis kentukea for the capacity to nodulate and to characterize any isolated rhizobia. N-deficient plants were inoculated with rhizobia chosen for their low host specificity or for their symbiotic potential with indigenous and introduced trees and shrubs of Sophora species in Hawaii, Japan and China. Soil samples from the root zones of mature S. japonicum, C. kentukea and other woody legumes, introduced or indigenous to Hawaii, Japan, China and the continental USA, also were used as inocula. Inoculation did not elicit nodulation of C. kentukea or S. japonicum, despite that N concentrations of shoots of S. japonicum (1.6%) and C. kentukea (1.5%) fell below the highest shoot N percentage that previously was associated with well-nodulated plants of Maackia amurensis (1.8%). In addition to these analyses, rhizobia were isolated from nodules on the roots of a tree reported to us as S. japonicum. Nine of the 10 isolates selected as representatives of similarity groups were capable of nodulating M. amurensis, which led to the identification of the putative S. japonicum as Maackia floribunda. We also found that broad-range Bradyrhizobium USDA 6, USDA 3384 and USDA 3456 induce nodules on R. pseudoacacia and M. amurensis, which were used as control species during inoculation trials with S. japonicum and C. kentukea. Our conclusion that S. japonicum and C. kentukea lack the capacity to nodulate is based on the most thorough analysis of the nodulation capacity of these species to date. Previous reports of nodulation of S. japonicum may have been due to inaccurate plant or nodule identification.     

How life history affects threat status: Requirements of two Onobrychis-feeding lycaenid butterflies, Polyommatus damon and Polyommatus thersites, in the Czech Republic

Comparisons of related species differing in conservation status may offer insights into causes of species declines. We studied egg-laying patterns and landscape occupancy of two sympatric lycaenidae butterflies inhabiting xeric grasslands, vulnerable Polyommatus thersites and critically endangered Polyommatus [Agrodiaetus] damon, both developing on sainfoin, Onobrychis spp. Females of bivoltine P. thersites oviposit on host plant leaves at a relatively low height (??20 cm), in both spring (May?CJune) and summer (July?CAugust) generations. Females of univoltine P. damon (July?CSeptember) oviposit to senescing inflorescences, in significantly higher heights (>30 cm), and the species is hence vulnerable to summer mowing or grazing. On a landscape scale, both species tended to occur at sites with diverse sward management, including temporarily unmanaged patches. In addition, P. damon occurred only in the proximity of other occupied sites. The study documents that grassland management must respect the needs of the most vulnerable species, and because these needs are seldom known, it must maintain a high diversity of conditions within individual sites.     

异毛虫科(环节动物门,多毛纲)中国种类记述

系统报道了中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆收藏的异毛虫科标本,记述了该科采于中国海域的13种,其中2种为中国海新纪录种,即塔独指虫Aricidea (Acmira) finitina Strelzov,1979和肥美独指虫Aricidea (Allia) pulchra Strelzov,1979,并提供了中国海迄今已发现的异毛虫科18个种的分种检索表.