A Novel Role for the Hypoxia Inducible Transcription Factor HIF-1alpha: Critical Regulation of Inflammatory Cell Function

No abstract available.     

JDP2:一种参与组蛋白乙酰化的转录因子

Jun二聚化蛋白-2（Jun dimerization protein-2,JDP2）是转录因子复合体AP-1的抑制性组分。JDP2能形成同源二聚体或与c-Jun、JunB、JunD、ATF-2等形成异源二聚体,抑制AP-1的转录激活作用。同时JDP2还能募集组蛋白去乙酰基酶,或直接与组蛋白结合,抑制组蛋白的乙酰化,通过改变染色质结构调控基因转录。JDP2通过在DNA、染色质多个水平调控基因的转录,在细胞的多种生理或病理活动中发挥着重要作用。     

Elongator复合物:一种新的参与转录延伸的组蛋白乙酰转移酶

由6个亚基组成的Elongator复合物是RNA聚合酶Ⅱ（RNA polymeraseⅡ．RNAPⅡ）全酶的一个重要组成部分,它可以与高度磷酸化的RNAPⅡ相结合,其Elp3亚基具有组蛋白乙酰转移酶（histone acetyltransferase,HAT）活性,在以染色质为模板的转录延伸中发挥重要作用。Elongator是目前发现的第一个参与转录延伸的HAT复合物。     

Determination of the Role of DDX3 a Factor Involved in Mammalian RNAi Pathway Using an shRNA-Expression Library

RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous RNA-destruction phenomenon induced by certain double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). In RNAi, dsRNAs are processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) which in turn trigger the cleavage of the target mRNA. Here, using a short hairpin RNA-expression library, we identified a DEAD-box helicase 3, DDX3, as an essential factor involved in RNAi pathway and revealed that DDX3 is colocalized with Ago2, an essential factor in RNAi pathway that cleaves target mRNA. Results of experiments with a dominant negative mutant of DDX3 further confirmed that this factor affects the RNAi activity. Together, DDX3 functions to assure mammalian RNAi pathway. Together, our results indicate that DDX3 is a new key molecule to understand the molecular mechanism underlying RNAi pathway in mammals.     

糖类应答元件结合蛋白——葡萄糖信号途径中的转录因子

糖类应答元件结合蛋白(ChREBP)是2001年发现的葡萄糖信号途径中的一个新的候选转录因子,在哺乳动物体内可结合到糖酵解和脂肪合成酶相关基因启动子区的糖类应答元件(ChRE)上,激活这些基因的转录,并与SREBP-1c协同作用,调节糖酵解和脂肪合成酶相关基因的表达。该文介绍ChREBP的基因结构、表达调控、活性调节、生物学功能及其作用机制等的最新研究进展。     

A Flavin-dependent Monooxygenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Involved in Cholesterol Catabolism

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 have similar cholesterol catabolic pathways. This pathway contributes to the pathogenicity of Mtb. The hsaAB cholesterol catabolic genes have been predicted to encode the oxygenase and reductase, respectively, of a flavin-dependent mono-oxygenase that hydroxylates 3-hydroxy-9,10-seconandrost-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione (3-HSA) to a catechol. An hsaA deletion mutant of RHA1 did not grow on cholesterol but transformed the latter to 3-HSA and related metabolites in which each of the two keto groups was reduced: 3,9-dihydroxy-9,10-seconandrost-1,3,5(10)-triene-17-one (3,9-DHSA) and 3,17-dihydroxy-9,10-seconandrost-1,3,5(10)-triene-9-one (3,17-DHSA). Purified 3-hydroxy-9,10-seconandrost-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione 4-hydroxylase (HsaAB) from Mtb had higher specificity for 3-HSA than for 3,17-DHSA (apparent k_cat/K_m = 1000 ± 100 m⁻¹ s⁻¹ versus 700 ± 100 m⁻¹ s⁻¹). However, 3,9-DHSA was a poorer substrate than 3-hydroxybiphenyl (apparent k_cat/K_m = 80 ± 40 m⁻¹ s⁻¹). In the presence of 3-HSA the K_mapp for O₂ was 100 ± 10 μm. The crystal structure of HsaA to 2.5-Å resolution revealed that the enzyme has the same fold, flavin-binding site, and catalytic residues as p-hydroxyphenyl acetate hydroxylase. However, HsaA has a much larger phenol-binding site, consistent with the enzyme''s substrate specificity. In addition, a second crystal form of HsaA revealed that a C-terminal flap (Val³⁶⁷–Val³⁹⁴) could adopt two conformations differing by a rigid body rotation of 25° around Arg³⁶⁶. This rotation appears to gate the likely flavin entrance to the active site. In docking studies with 3-HSA and flavin, the closed conformation provided a rationale for the enzyme''s substrate specificity. Overall, the structural and functional data establish the physiological role of HsaAB and provide a basis to further investigate an important class of monooxygenases as well as the bacterial catabolism of steroids.