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1.
Summary A protocol has been developed for in vitro plant regeneration from cotyledonary nodes of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Multiple shoots were induced from cotyledonary nodes derived from 20-d-old axenic seedlings grown on Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.22–13.32 μM benzyladenine (BA) or 2.32–13.93 μM kinetin alone or in combination with 0.26 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest frequency for shoot regeneration (85%) and maximum number of shoots per explant
(9.5) were obtained on the medium supplemented with 4.44 μM BA and 0.26 μM NAA after 15 wk of culture. A proliferating shoot culture was established by repeatedly subculturing the original cotyledonary
nodal explant on fresh medium after each harvest of the newly formed shoots. Nearly 30% of the shoots formed roots after being
transferred to half-strength MS medium containing 9.84 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) after 25 d of culture. Fifty percent of shoots were also directly rooted as microtuttings on
a peat moss, soil, and compost mixture (1∶1∶1). About 52% of plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in pots. 相似文献
2.
Summary Multiple shoots were induced from cotyledonary nodes of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) derived from 7-d-old in vitro seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing N6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin, or thidiazuron, BA being the most effective. Among the five genotypes tested, shoot proliferation
frequency was the highest (93.3%) for IC-120487, giving the maximum number of shoots (11.3 shoots per explant) on MS medium
augmented with 2.0 mgl−1 (8.87 μM) BA. Shoot cultures were established by repeatedly subculturing the original cotyledonary nodes on fresh medium after each
harvest of the newly formed shoots. Thus 30–40 shoots were obtained in 2 mo. from a single cotyledonary node. Up to 81.8%
of the shoots developed roots following transfer to half-strength MS medium containing 0.5 mgl−1 (2.85 μM) indole-3-acetic acid. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil. 相似文献
3.
Summary The types of auxin in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing N
6-benzyladenine (BA) determined indirect morphogenesis, i.e. development to bipolar somatic embryos or monopolar shoots in
Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. Indirect in vitro morphogenesis depended on growth regulators, explant excision period, and light. Calli induced from explants collected in
March–April were superior in the induction of indirect morphogenesis to those collected in July–August. Light enforced in vitro morphogenesis, while darkness was inhibitory. The presence of kinetin in the medium also inhibited morphogenesis. Calli developed
on explants collected in March–April grown on MS medium fortified with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and BA facilitated indirect
organogenesis, while those developed on medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and BA underwent somatic
embryogenesis. MS medium with 13.3 μM BA and 2.69 μM NAA was the best for induction of shoots from callus, which developed a mean of 15.7 shoots. Shoots were best rooted on half-strength
MS medium enriched with 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid with a mean of 5.1 roots per shoot. MS medium supplemented with 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 4.44 μM BA induced the highest number (mean of 13.4) of somatic embryos. Of the embryos transferred on half-strength MS medium containing
2.89 μM gibberellic acid, 78% of embryos developed to the cotyledonary stage. Most cotyledonary embryos (80%) underwent conversion
to plantlets upon being transferred to half-strength MS basal medium in light. The survival rate of organogenesis and embryo-derived
plants was 80 and 90%, respectively. Calli transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens showed expression of the gusA transgene and resistance to kanamycin, but did not undergo morphogenesis. 相似文献
4.
Summary This study reports a protocol for successful micropropagation of Decalepis arayalpathra (Joseph and Chandras) Venter. (Janakia arayalpathra Joseph and Chandrasekhran; Periplocaceae), a critically endangered and endemic ethnomedicinal plant in the southern forests of the Western Ghats which is overexploited
for its tuberous medicinal roots by the local Kani tribes. Natural regeneration is rare and conventional propagation is difficult.
Conservation of the species through micropropagation was attempted. The nodal explants of greenhouse-raised plants, were more
desirable than cotyledonary nodal explants of aseptic seedlings. The basal nodes (73%) of 12–16-wk-old greenhouse-grown plants
cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 12.96 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 2.48 μM 2-isopentenyladenine (2-ip) and 2.68 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) formed 16–17 cm long unbranched robust solitary shoots in 8 wk. Cotyledonary nodal explants
cultured in the same medium showed multiple shoot formation and axillary branching. But the shoots were thin, fragile and
not suitable for mass propagation. Single nodes of a solitary shoot subcultured on MS medium containing 2.22 μM BA and 0.24 μM 2-ip together produced 9.8±0.3 nodes from 18.0±0.6 cm long shoots within 5–6 wk. The basal nodes of the shoots so formed
were repeatedly subcultured to increase the stock of propagules while the 2.5–3.0 cm terminal cuttings were used for rooting.
The best root induction (68%) and survival (86%) was achieved on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.07 μM NAA. Field-established plants showed uniform growth and phenotypic similarity to parental stock. 相似文献
5.
An efficient protocol was developed for micropropagation of an economically important timber-yielding multipurpose tree, Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Multiple shoots were induced from cotyledonary nodes (CNs) derived from 18-d-old axenic seedlings on Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.1–10 μM). The highest shoot regeneration frequency (90%) and maximum
number (15.2 ± 0.20) of shoots per explant was recorded on MS medium amended with 0.4 μM TDZ. Continuous presence of TDZ inhibited
shoot elongation. In the primary medium, TDZ-initiated cultures were transferred to the secondary medium supplemented with
another cytokinin, 6-benzyladenine (BA), for shoot growth and elongation. Maximum (90%) shoot elongation with an average shoot
length of 5.4 ± 0.06 cm was observed at 5 μM BA. To further enhance the number of shoots per explant, mother tissue was repeatedly
subcultured on fresh shoot induction medium after each harvest of newly formed shoots. Thus, by adopting this strategy, an
average of 44 shoots per explant could be obtained. About 65% of in vitro regenerated shoots produced a maximum number (4.4 ± 0.2) of roots per shoot by a two-step culture procedure employing pulse
treatment and subsequent transfer of treated shoots to a low concentration of 0.2 μM indole-3-butyric acid along with phloroglucinol
(3.96 μM). The in vitro-raised plantlets were successfully acclimatized first under culture room conditions, then to greenhouse with 70% survival
rate. 相似文献
6.
Summary We describe an in vitro propagation protocol for Zingiber petiolatum (Holttum), I. Theilade, a rare species from the southern part of Thailand. Fruits were surface-sterilized and seeds germinated
on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) medium supplemented with 3% sucrose. Three-month-old seedlings were used as initial plant
material for in vitro propagation. Terminal buds of the plants were inoculated on MS medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BA; 2.2–35.5 μM) alone or in combination with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 μM). Eight weeks after inoculation, the cultures were transferred to MS medium without plant growth regulators for 4wk. The
cultures transferred from MS medium with 17.8 μM BA revealed the highest shoot induction rate of 6.1±0.7 shoots per explant. Rooting was spontaneously achieved in MS medium
without plant growth regulators. Rooted plants were successfully transplanted to soil. 相似文献
7.
Summary An efficient procedure for the in vitro propagation and cryogenic conservation of Syzygium francissi was developed. The maximum number of shoots per explant was obtained on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
4.5 μM benzyladenine and 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The in vitro-propagated shoots produced roots when transferred to MS medium containing IBA, indold-3-acetic acid, or naphthaleneacetic
acid at various concentrations. Rooted microshoots were transferred to a coco-peat, perlite, and vermiculite (1∶1∶1) mixture,
and hardened off under greenhouse conditions. Ninety-five percent of rooted shoots successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse.
Shoot tips excised from in vitro-grown plants were successfully cryostoraged at −196°C by the encapsulation-dehydration method. A preculture of formed beads
on MS medium containing 0.75 M sucrose for 1 d, followed by 6 h dehydration (20% moisture content) led to the highest survival rate after cryostorage for
1h. This method is a promising technique for in vitro propagation and cryopreservation of shoot tips from in vitro-grown plantlets of S. francissi germplasm. 相似文献
8.
Summary
In vitro propagation of Pelecyphora aselliformis, a Mexican cactus which is considered rare and is highly valued in the commercial market, was initiated using seeds as explants.
The longitudinal explants from seedlings germinated in vitro were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 8.8 μM benzyladenine (BA) or 4.6 μM kinetin at pH 7.0. After 120 d, each explant gave rise to five shoots and this number of shoots increased 20–25% after subculture.
The hyperhydricity was similar in both media, but callus formation was lower on the medium with BA. The shoot development,
in terms of epicotyl length, and fresh and dry weight after 6 wk, was also recorded. The epicotyl length was similar on shoot-forming
media but the quality of shoots was better on media containing BA. In about 1 yr, 500–600 well-defined shoots were obtained.
The rooting of shoots was very slow and a vigorous radical system was observed after 1 yr of culture. 相似文献
9.
Summary Shoot tips and leaves excised from in vitro shoot cultures of Salvia nemorosa were evaluated for their organogenic capacity under in vitro conditions. The best shoot proliferation from shoot tips was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
8.9 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2.9 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Leaf lamina and petiole explants formed shoots through organogenesis via callus stage and/or
directly from explant tissue. The highest values for shoot regeneration were obtained with 0.9 μM BA and 2.9 μM IAA for lamina explants. No shoot organogenesis was obtained on leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA). The regenerated shoots rooted the best on MS medium containing 0.6 μM IAA or 0.5 μM NAA. In vitro-propagated plants were transferred to soil with a survival rate of 85% after 3 mo. 相似文献
10.
This report deals with micropropagation of the critically endangered and endemic Turkish shrub, Thermopsis turcica using callus, root and cotyledonary explants. Callus cultures were initiated from root and cotyledon explants on MS medium
supplemented with 0.5–20 μM NAA or 2,4-D. The root explants were found to be better in terms of quick responding and callusing
percentages as compared to the cotyledons. Organogenic callus production with adventitious roots and shoots were obtained
on MS medium with only NAA. The calli obtained with NAA, root and cotyledonary explants were cultured with BA and kinetin
(2–8 μM) alone or in combination with a low level (0.5 μM) of 2,4-D or NAA. The best regeneration of shoots from root explants
was observed on hormone-free MS medium. NAA with BA or kinetin in the medium improved shoot induction from the calli obtained
with NAA. Maximum percentage of shoots (93.3%), maximum number of shoots (6.2) and maximun length of shoots (8.22 cm) were
achieved from cotyledonary explants at 4 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA. The presence of 0.5 μM or higher levels of 2,4-D in shoot induction
medium inhibited the regeneration in T. turcica explants. 83% of in vitro rooting was attained on pulsed-IBA treated shoots. The regenerated plants with well developed shoots and roots were successfully
acclimatized. Application of this study’s results has the potential to conserve T. turcica from extinction. 相似文献
11.
Summary Micropropagation of Scabiosa caucasica cv. Caucasica Blue was achieved by culturing, separating axillary and adventitious shoots, or node sectioning on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA). The highest frequency of adventitious shoots regenerated from
nodal or internodal explants and leaf blade (with or without petiole) appeared to occur on MS medium with 4.4 and 18 μM BA, respectively. Addition of 0.19 or 1.9 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid to the BA-containing medium promoted callus formation and reduced shoot organogenesis. During micropropagation,
shoot nodal explants derived from in vitro shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 4.4 μM BA yielded 8.9 shoots per explant within 40 d after culture initiation. 相似文献
12.
Summary Somatic embryo (bipolar) or shoot (monopolar) morphogenesis in mesophyll cells of Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham in vitro was dependent on the type of auxin supplementing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing benzyladenine. Direct in vitro morphogenesis, i.e., organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis were significantly influenced by seasonal growth of the donor
plant, explant position (proximal, mid, and distal), and light. Explants collected in march/April were superior to July/August
material. Proximal explants underwent morphogenesis more readily than mid- and tip-derived explants. Incubation in the light
favored morphogenesis while darkness was inhibitory. Kinetin (Kn) was also inhibitory to morphogenesis. MS medium enriched
with different levels of N6-benzyladenine (BA) alone, or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), induced adventitious
shoots directly. Explants collected in March/April cultured on medium with 13.3 μM BA and 2.69 μM NAA developed the highest number of shoots, a mean of 15.2 shoots per proximal explant. Developed shoots rooted the best
on half-strength MS medium with 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid, which developed a mean of 5.2 roots per shoot. Rooted healthy shoots could be transplanted to small
pots, with an 80% survival rate. Addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) to BA-supplemented medium was obligatory
to develop somatic embryos. MS medium containing 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 4.44 μM BA induced a mean of 44.8 somatic embryos per proximal explant. The embryos passed through distinct stages of embryogenesis,
namely globular, heart, torpedo, and early cotyledonary. The embryos (88%) underwent maturation on half-strength MS medium
with 2.89 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and its subsequent transfer on half-strength MS basal medium in light conditions facilitated 80% conversion of embryos
to plantlets. Direct shoots or embryos were originated from the mesophyll cells. Somatic embryo development was concurrent
with the independent origin of vasculature in the bulbous basal portion. The survival rate of embryo-derived plants was 90%. 相似文献
13.
In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) shoots was successful from cotyledonary node explants excised from 8-wk-old in vitro grown seedlings. Initially, four shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4 μM
6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), and 500 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) with a regeneration frequency of 64.7% after 3 wk. Subculturing explants (after harvesting shoots)
to fresh treatment medium significantly increased shoot bud regeneration (16.6 buds per explant), but the buds failed to develop
into shoots. A higher percentage (73.3%) of the explants regenerated four shoots per explant on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented
with 4.4 μM BA, 0.29 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and 500 mg l−1 CH after 3 wk. Explants subcultured to fresh treatment medium after harvesting shoots significantly increased shoot regeneration
(16 shoots per explant). Shoot elongation was achieved (4 cm) when shoots were excised and cultured on WPM supplemented with
0.44 μM BA and 0.29 μM GA3. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted on WPM supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid. A higher percentage regeneration response
and shoot numbers per explant were recorded on WPM supplemented with BA and GA3, than on MS medium containing BA and TDZ. Lower concentrations of BA and GA3 were required for shoot elongation and prevention of shoot tip necrosis. Each cotyledonary node yielded approximately 20
shoots within 12 wk. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized. 相似文献
14.
Summary An efficient and reproducible procedure for the large-scale propagation of Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii is described. High-frequency multiple shoot induction was achieved from nodal shoot segments collected from superior/elite
genotypes on Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 2.68 μM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA; 4.40 μM) at 28±1°C and 60 μmol m−2 s−1 light intensity under 12h photoperiod. In vitro-differentiated shoots were multiplied on MS liquid medium fortified with NAA (2.68 μM), BA (2.21 μM) and additives: ascorbic acid (283.93 μM), citric acid (118.10 μM), cysteine (104.04 μM), and glutamine (342.24 μM). Subculturing was carried out every 2wk on fresh shoot multiplication medium. About 125–150 shoots per culture flask were
harvested within 45–50d. In vitro-differentiated shoot clumps (three or four shoots) were successfully rooted on half-strength MS basal liquid medium with
indole-3-butyric acid (4.90 μM), BA (0.44 μM), and additives. This is the first report where in vitro- and in vivo-(through tillers) raised clonal plants were acclimatized and established in the field, where they exhibited normal growth. 相似文献
15.
Summary An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from cotyledons was established in tetraploid Isatis indigotica Fort. Factors influencing shoot regeneration from cotyledons, including culture medium type, combinations of plant growth
regulators, and sucrose concentrations in the medium, as well as illumination were investigated. Murashige and Skoog's (MS)
medium was found to be best for promoting shoot regeneration, followed by Gamborg's B5 and White's medium. The highest shoot regeneration frequency was achieved from cotyledons cultured on MS medium supplemented
with 2.0 mgl−1 (8.9 μM) 6-benzyladenine and 1.0 mgl−1 (5.4 μM) α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with 97.9% regeneration, associated with a high number of multiple shoots developed per
explant (8.6 shoots per explant). A sucrose concentration of 3% present in the medium and light conditions were beneficial
for shoot regeneration. The shoots developed were rooted in a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgl−1 (5.4 μM) NAA and successfully transplanted in soil in pots with over 85% survival. The establishment of an efficient plant regeneration
procedure from cotyledons provides a basis for the rapid in vitro multiplication of tetraploid Isatis indigotica Fort., one of the most extensively used medicinal plants in China currently under great shortage. 相似文献
16.
Giovanni Iapichino Marcello Airò 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(4):330-337
Multiple shoots were induced on stem segments of an 8-y-old plant of Metrosideros excelsa Sol ex Gaertn. “Parnel”. Axillary shoots produced on uncontaminated explants were excised, segmented, and recultured in the
same medium to increase the stock of shoot cultures. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, augmented with different concentrations
of 2- isopenthenyladenine (2iP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), either singly or in combinations, as potential medium for
shoot multiplication by nodal segments was tested. In the following experiment, equal molar concentrations of four cytokinins
[2iP, kinetin, zeatin, and N
6-benzyladenine (BA)] in combination with equal molar concentrations of three auxins [IAA, α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA),
and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)] were tested for ability to induce axillary shoot development from single-node stem segments.
The highest rate of axillary shoot proliferation was induced on MS agar medium supplemented with 1.96μM 2iP and 1.14μM IAA
after 6 wk in culture. Different auxins (IAA, IBA, and NAA) were tested to determine the optimum conditions for in vitro rooting of microshoots. The best results were accomplished with IAA at 5.71μM (89% rooting) and with IBA at 2.85 or 5.71μM
(86% and 86% rooting, respectively). Seventy and 90 percent of the microshoots were rooted ex vitro in bottom-heated bench (22 ± 2°C) after 2 and 4 wk, respectively. In vitro and ex vitro rooted plantlets were successfully established in soil. 相似文献
17.
Summary Shoot apex, nodal, and leaf explants of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni can regenerate shoots when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA; 8.87
μM) and indole-3-acetic acid (5.71 μM). Rooting of the in vitro-derived shoots could be achieved following subculture onto auxin-containing medium. A survival rate of 70% was recorded at
the hardening phase on the substrate cocopeat. The presence of the sweet diterpene glycosides, viz. stevioside and rebaudioside,
was confirmed in the in vitro-derived tissues of Stevia using HPTLC techniques. Callus cultured on agar-solidified MS medium supplemented with BA (8.87 μM) and indole-3-butyric acid (9.80 μM) showed the highest sweetener content. 相似文献
18.
Summary A protocol for in vitro propagation using direct induction of shoot buds from leaf explants of in vitro-raised shoots of Rosa damascena var. Jwala is reported. The present study is the first report on direct shoot regeneration in scented roses. Elite plants
raised from nodal explants and maintained for over 2yr in vitro on a static liquid shoot multiplication Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5.0 μM benzyladenine (BA) and 3% sucrose were used. Petioles from fully developed young leaves, obtained after 4 wk of pruning of
old shoots, were found to be ideal for regeneration of shoots. Initially the explants were cultured in an induction medium
[half-strength MS+3% sucrose+6.8μM thidiazuron+0.27 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)+17.7 μM AgNO3] and subsequently transferred to the regeneration medium (MS+2.25 μM BA+0.054 μM NAA) after 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35d. The highest shoot regeneration response (69%) was recorded when shoots were kept in the
induction medium for 21 d and later transferred to regeneration medium. Histological studies revealed direct formation of
shoot buds without the intervening callus phase. In vitro rooting of micro-shoots was accomplished within 2wk on half-strength MS liquid medium supplemented with 10.0 μM IBA and 3% sucrose for 1 wk in the dark and later transferred to hormone-free medium and kept in the light. Plantlets, remaining
in the latter medium for 5–6 wk when transferred to soil, showed 90% survival. 相似文献
19.
Summary Tennessee coneflower [Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small] was regenerated from flower stalks, leaf sections from flowering plants, and hypocotyls and cotyledons from
seedlings. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.54 μM and thidiazuron (TDZ) at 22.7 μM yielded the most shoots per leaf explant. NAA and 6-benzylaminopurine concentrations for optimal shoot regeneration from
leaf, flower stalk, cotyledon and hypocotyl explants in MS media were 0.54 and 24.6μM, respectively. All explant types generated shoots; however, those derived from leaves and flower stalks produced the highest
number of shoots per explant and highest percentage of explants with shoots. Explants cultured on media containing high levels
of NAA (5.4–27 μM) formed calluses but no adventitious shoot. Leaf explants responded to a wider range of NAA concentrations than the other
explant types but shoots generated from flower stalks grew the fastest. While all cytokinins tested increased the number of
shoots per explant, the number of shoots in media containing TDZ was increased by nearly threefold. Regenerated shoots from
all explant types cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 μM indole-3-butyric acid initiated roots within 4 wk; NAA was not effective for root induction. All vernalized plantlets developed
into plants that were morphologically identical to the source material. 相似文献
20.
Summary An efficient system for in vitro micropropagation of Solanum laciniatum Ait. has been established. Shoot induction on leaf explants was most successful on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with 10 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). BA (13 μM) was optimal for further shoot multiplication, and rooting of separated shoots was achieved on medium without plant growth
regulators. At each subculture, 20–25 shoots were obtained on each explant, from which six to eight were suitable for separation
and further rooting. Leaf explants grown in vitro were successfully infected by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834. The established hairy root culture was, on the basis of dry weight, more productive when grown on half-strength
MS medium than on full-strength MS (3% sucrose) and full-strength MS (6% sucrose) medium. The amount of solasodine-containing
glycoalkaloids in hairy roots as measured by a colorimetric method was 0.3–1% of dry weight, which is higher than in the shoot
culture (0.5% of dry weight) and lower than in leaves of in vivo-grown plants (1.1–1.4% of dry weight). The amount of solasodine-containing glycoalkaloids in leaves of in vivo-grown plants of S. laciniatum was similar to the related species Solanum aviculare Forst. Both species are morphologically similar, therefore we effectively distinguished them by flow cytometry. The genome
size of S. laciniatum was determined as 4.03 pg and the genome size of S. aviculare as 1.69 pg. 相似文献