范尼道佛吸虫的生活史研究

范尼道佛吸虫的生活史包括毛蚴、胞蚴、尾蚴、囊蚴和成虫5个阶段。它的第一中间宿主为淡水壳菜,第二中间宿主为多种小型鲤形目和鲇形目鱼类,终末宿主是鳜。文中对这种吸虫的胞蚴、尾蚴、囊蚴和成虫的形态特征以及尾蚴的行为特征进行了观察和描述。在用人工方法成功地将尾蚴感染青后,对不同发育阶段的囊蚴在鱼体内的形态变化和器官发育进行了观察。       

我国牛羊双腔类吸虫的继续研究:Ⅲ.三种双腔吸虫后蚴在异常昆虫宿主蚂蚁体内的发育

内蒙科尔沁草原的中华双腔吸虫(Dicrocoelium chinensis Tang et Tang,1978)其第二中间宿主是黑玉蚂蚁(Formica gagates),而山东滨州地区的矛形双腔吸虫(D.lanceatum Rud.,1803)和枝双腔吸虫(D.dendriticum Rud.,1819)的蚂蚁宿主是中华蚂蚁(Formica sinica)。作者用中华双腔吸虫的黏球感染山东的中华蚂蚁,同时用矛形双腔和枝双腔的黏球分别感染内蒙的黑玉蚂蚁。本文报道此试验中不同蚂蚁种类和各虫种后蚴间所产生的不同反应情况,及矛形双腔和枝双腔在后蚴各发育期的形态差异。     

两种盾盘吸虫的生活史及吸虫纲系统发生的讨论

1．本文记述分布在我国的盾盘吸虫六种：贝居腹盾吸虫(Aspidogaster conchicola K.Baer);黑龙江腹盾吸虫(Aspidogaster amurensis Achmerov,1956);饭岛腹盾吸虫(Aspidogaster ijimai Kawamura,1913);印度腹盾吸虫(Aspidogaster indica Dayal,1943);中华杯盾吸虫(Cotylaspis sinensis Faust and Tang,1936)及东方簇盾吸虫(Lophotaspis orientalis Faust and Tang,1936)。对各虫种的形态特征作简单描述。2．印度腹盾吸虫的生殖细胞发生及早期胚胎发育经详细观察,本文简单介绍此种吸虫的精子及卵子发生、受精卵发育达到杯状蚴过程及各发育期的形态特点。3．本文报道东方簇盾吸虫的各发育期虫体的构造特征,并简单介绍杯状蚴侵入其贝类宿主的途径和寄生部位。4．本文对盾盘吸虫的分类及系统发生等问题进行讨论。     

草鱼生长与台湾棘带吸虫囊蚴内种群的关系

通过对草鱼鳃上台湾棘带吸虫囊蚴内种群的研究发现,随着草鱼的生长。其感染率,下蚴的平均密度都下降,其感染强度也呈下降的的趋势;草鱼鳃上囊蚴的频率分布,表明有大量的囊蚴寄生于少数草鱼鳃上,多数草鱼感染少量的囊蚴;囊蚴在草鱼不同组鳃片上的分布具有相同的变化规律;     

外睾吸虫幼虫期的早期发育及贝类宿主淋巴细胞的反应

日本血吸虫病的媒介钉螺也是外睾吸虫的中间宿主。本文报告外睾吸虫早期幼虫在钉螺及窄口螺的寄特发育形式及贝类宿主的反应情况。贝类宿主吞食外睾吸虫虫卵后１２天,毛蚴体体中的胚细胞已穿过宿主胃肠壁分散在其外围组织中。螺体在其头颈部产生大量血淋巴细胞并下行到内脏团包围虫体的胚细胞。生存的虫体胚细胞分散地通过宿主循环系统被送到消化腺及生殖腺的间隙中发育成早期雷蚴胚球。在雷蚴胚球周围尚有开始消退的宿主血淋巴细胞     

野牛平腹吸虫虫卵和尾蚴的扫描电镜初步观察

近年来随着电镜技术的发展,寄生虫超微结构方面的研究资料已相当丰富,但有关同盘类吸虫蚴期超微结构的资料尚未见报道。我们于1988—1989年在野牛平腹吸虫的生活史研究(另文发表)的同时,对本虫虫卵和成熟尾蚴进行了扫描电镜观察。     

凹形隐叶吸虫生活史各期形态的初步观察

1989年3—9月压片解剖检查采自雅安市郊10个乡的9种淡水螺11838只,在赤豆螺(Bithynia fuchsiana)体内查到凹形隐叶吸虫(Cryptocotyle concavum)的幼虫期,阳性率为1.8%(88/4957)。用分离自赤豆螺体内的成熟尾蚴感染鲤鱼(Cyrinus carpio)用鱼体内的囊蚴感染家鸭获得成功,并对凹形隐叶吸虫生活史各期形态作了初步观察(测量单位以mm计)。1雷蚴(图,1)寄生于赤豆螺的肝脏,淡黄色,长囊状,0.425—1.200×0.100—0.250。无运动附肢。咽显著,直径为0.025—0.038,肠管较短0.050,形状变化较大,内含许多褐色的色素颗粒。雷蚴体内有3—10个正在发育的尾…     

长尾蚴吸虫幼虫在菲律宾蛤仔的寄生部位及其组织化学的研究

本文报道长尾蚴吸虫幼虫在菲律宾蛤仔的寄生部位及其组织化学的研究,长尾蚴吸虫幼虫主要寄生于哈仔的生殖腺组织中,仅少部分进入生殖腺附近的消化腺,鳃等。受感染严重的蛤仔,其生殖腺的滤泡等组织被虫体占满并被耗尽,长尾蚴吸虫子胞蚴的胞壁及尾蚴的皮导主要含碱性蛋白质和粘蛋白,子胞蚴的胚球,尾蚴的吸盘,生殖原基,单细胞腺体主要ＤＮＡ阳性物质,排泄囊含丰富的碱性蛋白质;尾蚴体的中部含有呈颗粒团的粘蛋白和抗淀粉酶的     

海产双壳类东方肛居吸虫新种及其生活史

本文报告福建沿海菲律宾蛤仔等海产贝类中寄生的东方肛居吸虫Proctoeces orienialis sp.nov.新种及其全程生活史。其第一、第二中间宿主都是海产双壳类,其不结囊的后蚴可在贝类中提早发育,但不象本属其他种类直至孕卵,而需经感染黄鳍鲷才发育成孕卵成虫。各期宿主经人工感染试验研究,发育过程经观察比较。本文还探讨了防护问题。     

中华下弯吸虫雷蚴至成虫阶段的发育形态观察

本文介绍了在中间宿主赤豆螺体内发育的中华下弯吸虫雷蚴和尾蚴形态，并用其尾蚴形成的囊蚴感染鸭和鸡，从试验动物体内检得不同虫龄的童虫和成虫，５日龄童虫出现龙骨样突出的中间列腹腺，９日龄虫体成熟，大小为２．５０─３．３０×０．６７５─０．９５０ｍｍ，出现发育完全的生殖腺，子宫内已含有成熟的虫卵。虫体两侧列腹腺数为９─１３个，多为１２个，中列腹腺起自内贮精囊的后部，止于卵巢后缘。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.