Ochratoxin A Analysen im Blut von Arbeitnehmern in der Abfallwirtschaft

Tasks such as manual sorting of domestic wastes for recyclable goods and the deposition of various materials may result in inhalation of mycotoxin-containing aerosols. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was analyzed in blood samples from workers employed at waste handling facilities in Southern Germany to assess the potential impact of this mycotoxin, and explore its use as a biomarker of exposure to bioaerosols. Results from this analysis are reported: OTA serum levels (median values) in subgroups of workers involved in waste deposition (n=76 ‘Deponierer’) or in waste sorting (n=60 ‘Wertstoffsortierer’) were 0.36 and 0.53 ng/ml, respectively. Both groups are natives of countries within the European Community (EU). In waste sorters who were born in other European (non-EU) countries (n=72) or elsewhere (n=12 from Asia, Africa), the OTA serum levels were 0.50 and 0.37 ng/ml, respectively. In controls (n=84 office clerks at the facilities; EU citizens) the median OTA value was 0.39 ng/ml. Comparing the different groups, and previously published data on median OTA levels in the general population (0.21 ng/ml) which result from dietary (background) exposure to OTA in Germany, our data point to an additional uptake of this mycotoxin by inhalation in workers with exposure to bioaerosols. The results support the view that apart from the pathogenic and allergological relevance of microbial emissions from garbage, secondary fungal metabolites, and thus toxicological aspects, deserve further attention.

Presented at the 25^th Mykotoxin Workshop in Giessen, Germany, May 19–21, 2003     

Methodische Empfehlung zur Bestimmung von einigen Stoffwechselprodukten im Pansensaft und Blut

Abstract

erarbeitet von der RGW-Arbeitsgruppe zum Thema 9.2 ?Die Verwendung nichteiweißartiger Stickstoffsubstanzen in der Fütterung der Wiederkäuer“ anläßlich der methodischen Konferenz vom 6. bis 11. Februar 1969 in Berlin, Deutsche Demokratische Republik.

(Beteiligte Länder: Volksrepublik Bulgarien, Ungarische Volksrepublik, Deutsche Demokratische Republik, Volksrepublik Polen, Sozialistische Rumänische Republik, Union der Sozialistischen Sowjetrepubliken, Tschechoslowakische Föderative Sozialistische Republik).     

Differenzierungs- und Induktionsleistungen verschiedener Abschnitte der Medullarplatte und des Urdarmdaches von Triton im Kombinat

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Das Schicksal der Melanoblasten im Integument verschiedener Taubenrassen

Ohne ZusammenfassungZur Durchführung der Untersuchungen standen Mittel der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft zur Verfügung.     

Der Einfluss verschiedener Salze und verschiedener Inhibitoren auf den Wurzeldruck von Zea mays

The effect of different salts and inhibitors on the root pressure of Zea mays.— The influence of various salt solutions and inhibitors on the exudation rate has been investigated with young excised primary roots of Zea mays. The following results were obtained. — The effect of chlorides on the exudation rate was higher than the effect of sulphates K⁺ and Na⁺ effected higher flux rates than Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ The highest exudation rate was obtained with KCl. — In comparison to an isotonic Lutrol-solution (a liquid condensed polyethylenoxid) a 0.5525 molar KCl-solution, applicated on the root stump, increased the exudation rate considerably. — Metabolic inhibitors and anaerobic conditions decreased the exudation rate. — Experiments, concerning the influence of metabolic inhibitors on the exudation and on the Rb-uptake showed a highly significant positive correlation (r =+0.72***) between the exudation rates and the Rb-concentrations in the exudates. The Rb-accumulation in the root tissue was not correlated to the exudation rate. — The experimental data agree with the concept of a transversal water transport in the root tissue, effected by osmotic forces. The root pressure is based on the osmotic gradient between the xylem sap and the outer solution. This gradient is built up by the metabolic secretion of ions into the xylem sap. It is supposed that the transversal water transport in the roots mainly goes through the free space of the cortex.     

Nachweis kohlenhydratspaltender fermente im Darmtrakt verschiedener entwicklungsstadien von Diprion pini L. (Hym., tenthredinidae)

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe einer empfindlichen papierchromatographischen Methode wurden die Carbohydrasen verschiedener Entwicklungsstadien der Kiefernbuschhornblattwespe Diprion pini nachgewiesen. Im Darmtrakt der Fre\larve werden Stärke und alle untersuchten Di- und Trisaccharide in starkem Ausma\e gespalten. Die Kokonstadien dagegen besitzen nur noch eine nennenswerte Trehalase- und mit fortschreitender Entwicklungszeit eine merkliche -Glucosidaseaktivität. Das Fermentspektrum der adulten Stadien ist dem der Fre\larven gleich, jedoch wurde bei den Imagines bisher noch keine Nahrungsaufnahme beobachtet. Zellulose und Pektin werden in keinem Fall gespalten.

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Summary In homogenates of the alimentary tract in various developmental stages of the pine sawfly Diprion pini L. the enzymes capable of hydrolysing carbohydrates were qualitatively investigated by means of a paperchromatographic method. The last larval instar is able to digest: starch, melezitose, raffinose, maltose, sucrose, trehalose, cellobiose, lactose and melibiose. Cellulose and pectin are not attacked. In young eonymphs there is present only a weak action of -glucosidase and a more active trehalase, whilst in older ones the trehalase activity is augmentated and in addition to that several -glucosides are hydrolysed. Adults, males and females, which apparently take up no food, posses the same enzyme equipment as the larvae.

     

Einfluß von Lipidfraktionen mikrobieller Herkunft auf die Wasserausnutzung in der biologissechen Stoffproduktion von Kulturpflanzen

Effects of exogenous applied lipids being of microbial origin on the water use efficiency (WUE) and the biomass production have been studied in pot and field experiments using crop plants. Lipid mixtures extracted from the cells of Candida maltosa EH 15 increased the WUE (9…16%) and the grain yield (÷x = 10%) of the wheat and barley plants under dry conditions. The fatty acid fraction separated from the lipid mixtures also improved the WUE especially under stress (20…100%) and the biomass production. The phosphatide fraction emulsified with sulfonate containing solvents was not physiologically active.