甘肃省啮齿动物区系及地理区划的研究

甘肃啮齿动物有87种(含7亚种),隶2目9科41属。可将甘肃划分6个省：1．陇东高原省,有28种(含l亚种),2．中部黄土高原省,有30种;3．河西走廊省,有36种,三趾心颅跳鼠和短耳沙鼠为本省特有种;4．祁连山地省,有29种,高原高山鼠和银白高山鼠为本省特有种;5．甘南高原草原省,有34种,棕背鼾和普通田鼠为本省特有种,6．陇南山地省,有34种,豪猪和巢鼠为本省特有种。     

四川短尾鼩（Anourosorex squamipes)种群动态研究

四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squmipes)的怀孕期在每年的4、7 、9月,种群数量高峰为6月和10～11月。其种群数量的消长可分为种群潜伏期(3-4月)、盛发期(6、8、9月)、始衰期(10-11月)、凋落期(12、1、2月)以及数量间歇期(7月)和繁殖间歇期(5月)。该兽在田间是以个体群为基础的聚集型分布格局,并有高密度时低聚集和低密度时高聚集的分布特征。     

人工饲养条件下高原鼠兔生长和发育的初步研究

本文研究了人工饲养条件下高原鼠兔的生长发育情况,并和其他种鼠兔的生长作了比较。室内高原鼠兔比野外的生长快,人工饲养的阿富汗鼠兔和北美鼠兔生长期短,成熟早。     

A MENI0RIAL T0 THE FAM0US CHINESE GE0B0TANIST PROF. ZHU YAN-CHEN

The Yunnan University, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, on December 5, 1980, 1ost its staff member through 30 years and more,the Senior Professor of Plant Ecology and Geo- botany,Head of Geobotanical Laboratory, (Yun- nan University),President the Yunnan Botanical Society, Editor of Acta Botanica Yunnanica, etc     

应用阴茎骨形态指标划分黑腹绒鼠年龄的研究

用雄性阴茎骨近支基底高作频数分配将黑腹绒鼠指名亚种划分为5个年龄组,对各年龄组的体长、阴茎骨近支长和阴茎骨近支基底宽作t检验和F检验均有显著差异或极显著差异．表明以阴茎骨近支基底高划分黑腹绒鼠年龄组是可行的。     

醋虫(Anguilluina aceti Ehrbg)生活周期的各阶段及其受实验形态的影响

“醋虫生活周期的各个阶段及其受实验形态的影响”是贝时璋先生上世纪20年代在德国土滨根大学动物研究所读书时的博士论文,发表在1928年出版的德国《动物科学学报》第131卷,是贝时璋先生科学生涯中的第二篇学术论文,也是当时国际上关于动物胚胎发育和细胞分化研究领域的一篇重要论文。论文系统地研究了醋虫(线虫的一种)的生活周期。他通过实验形态学方法,确定了生活周期不同阶段上体细胞群和体细胞自身的潜力。在这篇论文中,贝时璋先生提出了一个当时在生物学界有重要影响的论点:稳定动物在任何生长阶段都不具备再生能力,只在进展期有细胞质的修复;细胞常数只适用于稳定期,进入细胞常数后,细胞便丧失了修复能力。贝时璋先生的这篇论文虽然撰写于75年前,今天读起来仍会被其中体现的严谨治学和创新精神所感染。贝时璋先生75年前用线虫作为他的研究材料。50年后,英国生物学家J. Sulston、H. R. Horvitz和美国生物学家S. Brenner用线虫(Caenorhaditiselegans)作为研究材料,发现了细胞凋亡(或称细胞程序性死亡)现象,并因此荣获2002年度诺贝尔生理及医学奖。现已证明:线虫是研究细胞分裂和器官发育,以及将不同的基因突变与其对器官发育的特异性影响联系起来的一种极好的模式系统。75年前,贝时璋先生就选择了这     

Seed size variation in the palm Euterpe edulis and the effects of seed predators on germination and seedling survival

Intraspecific variation in seed size is common in wild plant populations and has important consequences for the reproductive success of individual plants. Multiple, often conflicting evolutionary forces mediated by biotic as well as abiotic agents may maintain such a variation. In this paper we assessed seed size variation in a population of the threatened, commercially important palm Euterpe edulis in southeast Brazil. We investigated (i) how this variation affects the probability of attack by vertebrate and invertebrate post-dispersal seed predators, and (ii) if seed size influences the outcome of seeds damaged by beetles in terms of seed germination and early survival of seedlings. Euterpe edulis seeds varied in diameter from 8.3 to 14.1 mm. Neither insects nor rodents selected the seeds they preyed upon based on seed size. Seed germination and total, shoot and root biomasses of one-year seedlings were significantly and positively affected by seed size. Root biomass and seedling survival were negatively affected by seed damage caused by a scolytid beetle (Coccotrypes palmarum) whose adults bore into seeds to consume part of the endosperm, but do not oviposit on them. Seed size had a marginally significant effect on seedling survival. Therefore, if any advantage is accrued by E. edulis individuals producing large seeds, this is because of greater seed germination success and seedling vigor. If this is so, even a relatively narrow range of variation in seed size as observed in the E. edulis population studied may translate into differential success of individual plants.     

Morph-specific differences in reproductive success in the distylous Primula veris in a context of habitat fragmentation

Heterostylous self-incompatible plant species are particularly sensitive to habitat fragmentation and to disruption of pollination processes because of the need of intermorph cross-pollination for producing seeds. Heterostyly is characterized by sexual polymorphism through the occurrence of two (distyly) or three (tristyly) morph types that differ in floral traits (style length and anther position). We examined whether the long-styled (pin) and short-styled (thrum) morph types show differences in reproductive components and responses to habitat fragmentation in the distylous, self-incompatible perennial herb Primula veris. We documented reproductive components for pin and thrum individuals and their relationships with population size, plant density and morph ratio (pin frequency), in nine populations from Flanders (northern Belgium) located in fragmented habitats of the intensively used agricultural landscape. Seed abortion increased in small populations as a result of inbreeding depression. Fruit set increased with plant density. Seed set was positively related to pin proportion. Seed set was higher for pin than thrum in small populations, but lower in large populations. Two hypotheses can be considered to explain these morph-specific differences: a pollen transfer asymmetry, and a reproductive advantage for the partially self-compatible pin morph. Morph types appear to respond differently to habitat fragmentation constraints. A floral morph type showing partial self-compatibility may be favored in populations under pollination failure, because it can increase reproductive success and mating opportunities through intramorph crosses.     

贝时璋先生主要论著目录

[1] 贝时璋. 醋虫的生活周期. Lebenszyklus der AnguillulaacetiEhrbg. Zool. Anz., Bd. 74, 1927[2] 贝时璋. 醋虫生活周期的各阶段及其受实验形态的影响. Die Phasen des Lebenszyklus der AnguillulaacetiEhrbg. und ihre experimentellmorphologische Beeinflussung. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. 131, 1928, 293~344[3] 贝时璋. 轮虫的再生实验. Regenerationsversuche an Brachionuspala(Rotatorien), Science Reports of National University Chekiang, 1933[4] 贝时璋. 细胞常数与再生的关系问题. Das problem der …     

欢迎订阅《生物物理学报》

2004年6月5日~ 8日, 北京由国际生物晶体学会、生物大分子国家重点实验室、中国科学院生物物理研究所、教育部清华大学蛋白质科学重点实验室、中国科学院中国科学技术大学结构生物学重点实验室、北京大学分子动态与稳态结构国家重点实验室联合承办的“第十届国际生物大分子结晶大会”定于2004年6月5~8日在北京召开。会议规模400人,其中,国外代表约150人,国内代表约200人。大会组织机构:1. 大会名誉主席:Rober Huber (德国),梁栋材(中国)2. 大会主席:饶子和(中国)3. 国际顾问委员会主席:R. Hilgenfeld (德国)4. 程序委员会主席:M. Pusey (…     

勇于创新 执着追求 科学巨擘 学人楷模——学习贝时璋先生治学做人的高尚品德

今年10月10日是贝时璋先生百岁华诞,也是他从事教学、科研工作80周年。1921年秋, 从上海同济医工专门学校(同济大学前身)医学预科毕业后,贝先生赴德留学,先后在福莱堡、慕尼黑和土滨根三所大学学习,研究无脊椎动物的个体发育、细胞常数和再生, 1928年3月获土滨根大学自然科学博士学位。1928年4月到1929年10月,任土滨根大学动物系助教。1929年秋, 贝时璋先生回到祖国。1930年8月,他应邀任浙江大学副教授,筹建生物学系,并确定以实验生物学为发展的主要方向,亲自执教生物系的主要课程。从此,他在中国这片大地上辛勤耕耘,从事实验细胞生物学研究…     

我国生物物理学的创始人、奠基者和科学创新的不懈战士——敬贺贝时璋教授百岁华诞

时光荏冉,前不久我们刚庆祝过贝老90岁生日和从教70周年,今年又迎来了他百岁华诞。我作为晚辈,和全国敬重他长期为我国科学教育事业奋斗的同志一道,热烈祝贺他的百岁生日!生物物理学科的创始人生命科学的发展,需要和物理学、化学、工程技术等相互结合,在交叉融合中彼此促进。这在今天已经为广大的科学工作者所接受。但在上世纪50年代却是一个争论十分激烈的问题。反对者既来自物理学家,也来自生物学家。只有少数具有远见卓识的科学家才认识到物理学和生物学不仅能够而且必需结合起来。远的有Mayer与Helmholty,后来则有Schr觟dinger,Szent …     

贝时璋先生重要活动年表

童年、少年1903年10月10日,生于浙江省镇海县(今宁波市镇海区)北乡憩桥镇。祖父是贫苦渔民,父亲是店员。1911年春,进镇海县憩桥镇进修学堂。1913年秋,进修学堂停办,进镇海县贵驷桥宝善学堂。1915年秋,进湖北汉口德华学校。1917年德华学校改为汉口第一中学。1918年冬,汉口第一中学停办。1919年春,进上海同济医工专门学校(同济大学前身)德文科。秋,升入上海同济医工专门学校医预科。留学德国八年1921年秋,同济医工专门学校医预科毕业后,赴德留学,进德国福莱堡大学。1922年秋,转德国慕尼黑大学。1923年秋,转德国土滨根大学,不但学习了生物学的…     

Influence of microclimate and species interactions on the composition of plant and invertebrate communities in alpine northern Norway

We assessed the effects of both biotic processes and abiotic factors on the community composition of vascular plant species and invertebrates at a site in northern Norway. Plant species were assigned to functional (woody versus herbaceous) and biogeographic (boreal versus alpine) groups. Invertebrate species were classified as either herbivore or predator. When species interactions and effects of the abiotic environment were partitioned, boreal species appeared to influence the distribution of alpine species and woody species the distribution of herbaceous species. Analysis of partial correlations indicated that facilitation was the dominant mode of interaction between the two pairs of plant groups. Among abiotic factors, the thermal environment probably influenced all components of the plant and invertebrate communities, except for predatory invertebrates, and wind appeared important in determining the composition of woody and alpine components of the plant community but not the herbaceous component. The composition of the boreal component of the plant community apparently influenced the composition of all invertebrate communities, except for predatory invertebrates. The composition of the woody component of the plant community influenced the composition of both herbivore and predator communities. The alpine plant-community composition influenced predatory invertebrate community composition. Woody plant community composition influenced the composition of both herbivore and predator communities. Our analytic approach, based on two kinds of structural equation models (d-separation and path analysis), provides a useful method for identifying the biotic as well as abiotic factors that influence community structure.     

Shadoo/PrP (Sprn0/0/Prnp0/0) double knockout mice

Shadoo (Sho) is a brain glycoprotein with similarities to the unstructured region of PrP^C. Frameshift alleles of the Sho gene, Sprn, are reported in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) patients while Sprn mRNA knockdown in PrP-null (Prnp^0/0) embryos produces lethality, advancing Sho as the hypothetical PrP-like “pi” protein. Also, Sho levels are reduced as misfolded PrP accumulates during prion infections. To penetrate these issues we created Sprn null alleles (Daude et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 2012; 109(23): 9035–40). Results from the challenge of Sprn null and TgSprn transgenic mice with rodent-adapted prions coalesce to define downregulation of Sho as a “tracer” for the formation of misfolded PrP. However, classical BSE and rodent-adapted BSE isolates may behave differently, as they do for other facets of the pathogenic process, and this intriguing variation warrants closer scrutiny. With regards to physiological function, double knockout mice (Sprn^0/0/Prnp^0/0) mice survived to over 600 d of age. This suggests that Sho is not pi, or, given the accumulating data for many activities for PrP^C, that the pi hypothesis invoking a discrete signaling pathway to maintain neuronal viability is no longer tenable.     

新生大鼠脊髓交感节前神经元的单胺能受体

应用新生大鼠离体脊髓薄片的细胞内记录,观察了５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）及肾上腺素（ＡＤ）对交感节前神经元（ＳＰＮ）膜电位的作用,以期阐明三种单胺受体是共存于同一细胞,还是分别存在于不同细胞？实验结果显示：（１）５－ＨＴ,ＮＡ及ＡＤ分别使５７．１％（１６／２８）,６０％（１５／２５）及５２．４％（１１／２１）的ＳＰＮ出现了去极化反应;（２）根据ＳＰＮ对三种单胺的反应,可将６０％（１     

Changes in the pool of soluble sugars induced by dehydration at the heterotrophic phase of growth of wheat seedlings

Loss of dehydration tolerance coincides with a shift from heterotrophy to autotrophy during post-germination growth of spring wheat seedlings. This critical stage falls on the fifth day following imbibition. Till the sixth day of experiment light had no effect on dry weight of the seedlings but the survival of six day old seedlings was reduced by half upon dehydration. Germinating seeds in the presence of 5 mM glucose, fructose, mannose or sucrose did not promote seedling growth but either increase (glucose, fructose) or decreased (mannose, sucrose) the survival of dehydrated seedlings. Protection against dehydration by the former sugars was correlated, irrespective of the seedling age, with the decrease of sugar pool in seeds and increase in shoots (coleoptile and first leaf) and roots. The opposite changes were provoked by the sugars hampering seedling survival. Generally, survival of wheat seedlings was not correlated with the size of soluble sugar pool but its distribution and composition. Lower mobilisation of soluble sugars in seed, lower proportion of reduced sugars to sucrose and higher share of raffinose is characteristic for the tolerant four day old seedlings and those grown in the media containing glucose or fructose. The results presented indicate that higher proportion of reduced sugars to sucrose and lower share of raffinose in six day old seedlings seems to be associated with the loss of dehydration tolerance of these seedlings, despite heterotrophic character of growth.     

中国紫堇属曲花堇组的研究

曲花紫堇组(Sect．Rapiferae)是1936年由Fedde建立的,当时大约有20种。我们在做中国植物志的过程中,对大量标本进行了分析研究后,本组已是包括有41种的大组。模式种:曲花紫Corydalis curviflora Maxim．     

低氧对兔主动脉和肺动脉损伤差异的探讨

将兔置于模拟海拔５ｋｍ（ＰＯ２＝１０．８ｋＰａ）低氧舱内２４ｈ,观察和比较低氧对主动脉和肺动脉形态学损伤的差异,结果显示５ｋｍ低氧２４ｈ,兔主动脉和肺动脉出现内膜下水肿,空泡增加,胞内线粒体和内质网不同程度损伤。但低氧对肺动脉的损伤明显重于主动脉,甚至已殃及平滑肌细胞。扫描电镜观察也显示模拟海拔５ｋｍ低氧２４ｈ,肺动脉内皮细胞出现损伤脱落,甚至出现断裂带,而在主动脉仅见内皮细胞轻微损伤。另又将离体     

一种简易的分离根癌土壤杆菌质粒的方法（简报）

土壤杆菌属的一些菌含有分子量达100兆道尔顿的大质粒。根癌土壤杆菌的Ti质粒是潜在的植物遗传工程载体。目前制备这类大质粒主要用Currier＆Nester[1]和van Larebeke ＆ Schell[2]的方法。一般认为土壤杆菌破壁困难,需用溶菌酶、蛋白酶。虽然Currier＆Nester[1]把DNA变性后以酚和氯仿-异戊醇清除了一些染色质,但残存染色质仍多。两法最后都靠密度梯度离心法获得纯质粒。这样,就限制了制备Ti质粒的规模。我们采用Hensen＆Olsen[3]4 ％SDS和热冲击方法破壁,在控制温菌量和破壁液比例的条件下,不用酶也能破壁。然后,用酚和氯仿-异戊醇抽提去蛋白;不经 DNA变性,用Zasloff等人的酸酚法去染色质DNA; 再用Humphreys等人的方法,以PGA6000沉淀浓缩质粒DNA.经琼脂糖电泳鉴定,得单一DNA带,无染色质扩散带。这就为大规模制备根癌土壤杆菌Ti质粒提供了可能。目前正在进一步工作。