酶法拆分制备D-异亮氨酸的工艺研究

以DL-异亮氨酸为原料经过乙酰化、氨基酰化酶拆分和水解制备D-异亮氨酸.使乙酸酐与DL-异亮氨酸在0～10℃下反应生成乙酰-DL-异亮氨酸,在氨基酰化酶的作用下,温度为37℃搅拌反应3d处理得到L-异亮氨酸和乙酰-D-异亮氨酸,乙酰-D-异亮氨酸经过盐酸水解得到D-异亮氨酸,收率为97.4％,光学纯度达到98％以上.另...     

DL-苯丙氨酸酶法拆分

ＤＬ－苯丙氨酸的拆分是以Ｎ－乙酰－ＤＬ－苯丙氨酸铵为起始原料,经猪肾酰化酶不对称水解作用,再经离子交换色谱分离,减压浓缩得到Ｌ－苯丙氨酸和Ｎ－乙酰－Ｄ－苯丙氨酸结晶。     

基因工程菌1016氨基酰化酶的酶学性质研究

研究了基因工程菌 1 0 1 6所产的氨基酰化酶的酶学特性。该酶的拆分速率符合米氏方程 ,且在 0 .5mol/L的高底物浓度下 ,无底物抑制现象。 37℃时的米氏常数和最大反应速率分别为 0 .0 4 8mmol/L和 2 .1 78mmol/L·h。最适反应温度为 5 5℃。5 5℃时 ,Km为 0 .0 37mmol/L ,Vmax为 2 .5 5 8mmol/L·h。最适底物为乙酰蛋氨酸 ;热稳定性好。     

水稻氨基酰化酶的分离纯化与性质分析

氨基酰化酶是专一水解Ｎ－酰基化Ｌ－氨基酸的蛋白酶,从水稻黄化苗得到的抽提液,经过硫酸铵分级沉淀,丙酮分级沉淀和阴离子交换层析三个步骤,纯化得到了该酶,比活达到１００Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白,在无还原剂在的ＳＤＳ－聚丙炮酰胺凝胶电泳下显单一条带,分子量为４０ｋＤ。而交层分析分析表明活性分子的分子量约９０ｋＤ,因此可推测它的活性分子由两个亚基通过非共份键作用组合而成。     

M.natoriense TNJL143-2菌的D-氨基酰化酶的固定化研究

D-氨基酰化酶可用于D-氨基酸的生产,本研究利用来源于Microbacterium natoriense TNJL143-2的D-氨基酰化酶,分别通过琼脂糖包埋、介孔二氧化硅MCM-41和SBA-15吸附,制备了三种固定化酶,并对三种固定化酶的固定化条件、酶学性质、活性保持时间、重复使用次数、米氏常数等参数进行了研究。结果表明,MCM-41载体固定化酶的蛋白固定率为91.6%,SBA-15载体固定化酶的蛋白固定率为88.0%,琼脂糖包埋法蛋白固定率为79.5%。MCM-41、SBA-15以及琼脂糖三种载体固定化酶最适反应pH均为7.0,最适反应温度范围均为37℃。在固定化酶的活性保持时间以及重复利用活性方面,SBA-15固定化酶同样优于其他两种固定化酶。以D型苯丙氨酸(D-Phe)为底物时,琼脂糖包埋固定化酶的Km为28.8 mol/L,SBA-15固定化酶的Km为25.9 mol/L,MCM-41固定化酶的Km为25.0 mol/L。同时本文还探索了三种固定化酶的pH使用范围及酸碱稳定性、温度使用范围及热稳定性,结果显示,SBA-15作为固定化载体均表现出较广的适用范围及较高的稳定性。在不同条件的反应体系中,SBA-15固定化酶的蛋白损失率始终小于其他两种固定化酶。     

刺孢小克银汉霉氨基酰化酶拆分DL-丙氨酸的研究

选育了刺孢小克银汉霉(Cunninghamellaechinulata)9980菌株,并对其进行液体培养,比较了3种不同培养基中菌体细胞氨基酰化酶活性,考察了几种因素对菌体细胞拆分反应的影响,并对DL-丙氨酸进行了光学拆分。结果表明:蛋白胨培养基菌体细胞酶活最高,达680u/g。菌体细胞拆分反应最适温度55℃,最适pH7.0,最佳底物浓度为0.2mol·L-1,缓冲体系中的无机离子对拆分反应有抑制作用,10-3～10-4mol·L-1的Co2+对拆分反应有激活作用。用菌体细胞对DL-丙氨酸拆分反应中,D-丙氨酸得率平均达87.1%。     

N-氨甲酰-D-苯丙氨酸重氮化法制备 D-苯丙氨酸的研究

筛选合适的强酸性阳离子交换树脂,进行N-氨甲酰-D-苯丙氨酸脱氨甲酰制备D-苯丙氨酸的反应分离耦合研究。实验结果表明N-氨甲酰-D-苯丙氨酸的质量浓度为30 g/L,NaNO2与Nc-D-Phe的浓度比为1.2∶1,反应温度为15℃,反应时间3 h,总得率75%~80%。     

PAR对氨基酰化酶不可逆抑制动力学研究

本文将邹氏的在酶的活性修饰剂存在下的底物反应动力学理论应用于氨基酰化酶被金属螯合剂PAR脱锌而失活的动力学研究。通过对不同浓度的PAR存在下底物反应过程和含有PAR的不同浓度的底物中酶促反应的分析,讨论了PAR对氨基酰化酶的脱锌机制。这一过程很可能按如下机制进行:首先,PAR与酶分子活性部位的锌结合,形成一复合物,这一步是较快的反应,然后发生一个可逆的构象变化,最后是不可逆的去锌步骤。锌的存在显然稳定了酶活性部位的构象,而这正是酶活性所必需的。     

Preparation of Optically Active 2-Aminobutanoic Acid via Optical Resolution by Replacing Crystallization

An attempt was made to use a simple procedure to obtain (R)- and (S)-2-aminobutanoic acids [(R)- and (S)-1] which are non-proteinogenic α-amino acids and are useful as chiral reagents in asymmetric syntheses. Compound (RS)-1 p-toluenesulfonate [(RS)-2], which is known to exist as a conglomerate, was optically resolved by replacing crystallization with (R)- and (S)-methionine p-toluenesulfonate [(R)- and (S)-3] as optically active co-solutes. When (S)-3 was employed as the co-solute, (R)-2 was preferentially crystallized from a supersaturated solution of (RS)-2 in 1-propanol, as was (S)-2 in the presence of (R)-3. (R)- and (S)-2 recrystallized from 1-propanol were treated with triethylamine in methanol to give (R)- and (S)-1 in optically pure forms.     

用阳离子铵型树脂分离苯丙氨酸

应用铵型阳离子交换树脂分离L 苯丙氨酸 ,确定了溶液在pH 1.0的条件下上铵型柱 ,用 0 .15mol L氨水解析 ,解析液对上柱液的苯丙氨酸收率为 95 %。     

用木瓜蛋白酶及固定化木瓜蛋白酶拆分DL-苯丙氨酸

为了将手性化合物D-苯丙氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸进行分离,利用木瓜蛋白酶及固定化木瓜蛋白酶催化的方法对其拆分．试验结果表明,用DL-苯丙氨酸合成N-乙酰-DL-苯丙氨酸,得率为88.7％．木瓜蛋白酶、海藻酸钠 壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶(IPSAC)、尼龙布固定化木瓜蛋白酶(IPN)催化合成N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酰苯胺时,对催化合成过程影响最大的因素分别是溶液中的离子强度、溶液中的离子强度、反应温度;溶液中的离子强度与pH对合成的影响较大．本试验得出分别用木瓜蛋白酶、IPSAC、IPN催化合成N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酰苯胺的3个最佳方案;用此3个方案合成时,产率分别为61.2%、54.7%、36.3%．N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酰苯胺水解生成L-苯丙氨酸,产率59.2%,光学纯度为96.6％．N-乙酰-D-苯丙氨酸水解生成D-苯丙氨酸,产率61.7%,光学纯度为95.7％．     

Preparation of enantiomeric gossypol by crystallization

Large enantiomorphic crystals of gossypol-acetone (1:3) were grown from acetone solutions of rac-gossypol-acetic acid (1:1) at 4 degrees C. By controlling the initial gossypol concentration, crystallization time, and solution volume, single crystals were grown that weighed >50 mg, equivalent to >37 mg of enantiomeric gossypol. Even larger crystals were possible, but it was difficult to produce these reliably without contamination of the antipode. Essentially all of the acetone within the crystal form was removed by storing the crystals under vacuum for 3-4 days. By employing these techniques, gram quantities of enantiomeric gossypol were prepared in high chemical and optical purity. Based on measured and reported optical rotations, the optical purity of samples prepared by crystallization was greater than the optical purity of samples prepared by chromatographic separation of gossypol-amine diastereomers. The principal limitation of crystallization as a preparative method is the need to determine the chirality and purity of each product crystal. Nevertheless, the method competes favorably with preparative-scale chromatographic procedures.     

离子交换法分离发酵液中鸟苷和肌苷

乌苷发酵液中乌苷与副产物肌苷的分离对乌苷工业有重要的意义。对乌苷和肌苷的分离条件进行研究,得到了最佳分离条件：采用Hd-8树脂,树脂床高度为4cm,前120mL采用0．05mol／L盐酸洗脱收集肌苷,120mL至240mL采用0．74mol／L pH5．0醋酸钠缓冲液洗脱收集乌苷,可以获得很好的效果。     

离子交换法与氨基酸的分离纯化

离子交换法广泛用于氨基酸的分离纯化。文章综述了离子交换法与氨基酸的分离纯化,包括分离纯化单一氨基酸及对氨基酸混合物进行分组分离纯化。     

Efficient Preparation of Enantiopure D-Phenylalanine through Asymmetric Resolution Using Immobilized Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase from Rhodotorula glutinis JN-1 in a Recirculating Packed-Bed Reactor

An efficient enzymatic process was developed to produce optically pure D-phenylalanine through asymmetric resolution of the racemic DL-phenylalanine using immobilized phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (RgPAL) from Rhodotorula glutinis JN-1. RgPAL was immobilized on a modified mesoporous silica support (MCM-41-NH-GA). The resulting MCM-41-NH-GA-RgPAL showed high activity and stability. The resolution efficiency using MCM-41-NH-GA-RgPAL in a recirculating packed-bed reactor (RPBR) was higher than that in a stirred-tank reactor. Under optimal operational conditions, the volumetric conversion rate of L-phenylalanine and the productivity of D-phenylalanine reached 96.7 mM h⁻¹ and 0.32 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. The optical purity (ee_D) of D-phenylalanine exceeded 99%. The RPBR ran continuously for 16 batches, the conversion ratio did not decrease. The reactor was scaled up 25-fold, and the productivity of D-phenylalanine (ee_D>99%) in the scaled-up reactor reached 7.2 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹. These results suggest that the resolution process is an alternative method to produce highly pure D-phenylalanine.     

Kinetics of Lipase Catalyzed Resolution of Racemic Alcohols by Reversible Interesterification

In this paper a predictive model for the lipase-catalyzed resolution of racemic alcohols by reversible interesterification is presented. The approach takes into account the acyl transference from the acyl donor to the enzyme and from the acyl-enzyme complex to the acyl acceptor. Resolution of (R,S)-2-phenyl-l-propanol by interesterification using n-butyl-butyrate as acyl donor has been experimentally studied. The reaction mechanism was determined as ping-pong with inhibition by n-butanol. The model is based on reaction constants which can be calculated from a few long term experiments. The reaction constants calculated in this way were able to reproduce the results made in other experimental conditions. The extension of this technique to other reaction systems is straight forward.     

A Facile Method for Preparation of Polymerizable, Optically Active Ketoprofen Prodrug by Irreversible Lipase-catalysed Resolution

Summary An irreversible resolution of ketoprofen prodrug was developed by lipase-catalysed hydrolysis using corresponding vinyl ester as activated substrate in organic medium. The product obtained, (S)-ketoprofen vinyl ester would be used as a potential prodrug and a significant monomer for polymeric drug. Lipozyme^? immobilized from Mucor miehei showed the highest selectivity and activity after enzyme screening. The effect of solvent, water amount in the reaction medium and reaction temperature on the activity and enantioselectivity of Lipozyme^? was studied. Polymerizable, optically active ketoprofen prodrug could be obtained with excellent enantioselectivity (ee >99%, E ~ 400) in a mixture of dioxane/water (97.5/2.5, v/v) at 25 °C.