化石大孢子Tricristatispora tricristata(Li,1974)comb.nov.

三冠大孢属Ｔｒｉｃｒｉｓｔａｔｉｓｐｏｒａ是我国西部地区上三叠统特征的常见化石。此前分别命名为Ｃａｌａｍｏｓｐｏｒａ ｔｒｉｃｒｉｓｔａｔａ Ｌｉ,１９７４,Ｔｒｉｃｒｉｓｔａｔｉｓｐｏｒａ ａｐｈｅｌａ Ｌｉｕ,１９８１和Ｖｉｂｕｒａｍｅｇａｓｐｏｒａ ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ Ｚｈａｎｇ,１９８４的几个种实属具相同特征的同种化石,后２个种名为前１种的晚出同义名,应予废弃。这里将种名ｔｒｉｃｒｉｓｔ     

Rhenanoperca minuta nov. gen., nov. sp., ein neuer Percoide (Pisces,Perciformes) aus der Messel-Formation (Mittel-Eozän,Unteres Geiseltalium)

A new genus and species of percoid fishes (Pisces, Perciformes) from the Middle-Eocene Messel-Formation is introduced and delimitated from other palaeogene percoids. A preliminary diagnosis is proposed. As the relationships of this new taxon still remain somewhat imprecise, it is provisionally classified as “Percoidei incertae familiae”.     

?Kenyaichthyidae fam. nov. and ?Kenyaichthys gen. nov. – First Record of a Fossil Aplocheiloid Killifish (Teleostei,Cyprinodontiformes)

The extant Cyprinodontiformes (killifishes) with their two suborders Cyprinodontoidei and Aplocheiloidei represent a diverse and well-studied group of fishes. However, their fossil record is comparatively sparse and has so far yielded members of the Cyprinodontoidei only. Here we report on cyprinodontiform fossils from the upper Miocene Lukeino Formation in the Tugen Hills of the Central Rift Valley of Kenya, which represent the first fossil record of an aplocheiloid killifish. A total of 169 specimens - mostly extraordinarily well preserved - and a sample of ten extant cyprinodontiform species were studied on the basis of morphometrics, meristics and osteology. A phylogenetic analysis using PAUP was also conducted for the fossils. Both the osteological data and the phylogenetic analysis provide strong evidence for the assignment of the fossils to the Aplocheiloidei, and justify the definition of the new family †Kenyaichthyidae, the new genus †Kenyaichthys and the new species †K. kipkechi sp. nov. The phylogenetic analysis unexpectedly places †Kenyaichthys gen. nov. in a sister relationship to the Rivulidae (a purely Neotropical group), a probable explanation might be lack of available synapomorphies for the Rivulidae, Nothobranchiidae and Aplocheilidae. The specimens of †K. kipkechi sp. nov. show several polymorphic characters and large overlap in meristic traits, which justifies their interpretation as a species flock in statu nascendi. Patterns of variation in neural and haemal spine dimensions in the caudal vertebrae of †Kenyaichthys gen. nov. and the extant species studied indicate that some previously suggested synapomorphies of the Cyprinodontoidei and Aplocheiloidei need to be revised.     

The morphology and life history of Mazoyerella gen. nov. (M. arachnoidea (Harvey) comb. nov.)—Rhodophyta,Ceramiaceae—from Southern Australia

Mazoyerella gen. nov., based on Corynospora arachnoidea Harvey from Tasmania, is placed provisionally in the Compsothamnieae tribe of the Ceramiaceae. All plants can produce elongate-ovoid monosporangia which reproduce the same phase. Sporophytes also bear polysporangia and sexual plants are dioecious, bearing either spermatangial heads or subterminal procarps followed by carposporophytes with nearly all gonimoblast cells becoming carposporangia and an involucrum of sterile filaments developing from sterile cells associated with the procarp. The life-history has been followed through successive generations in culture.     

Corynebacterium antarcticum sp. nov., Corynebacterium marambiense sp. nov., Corynebacterium meridianum sp. nov., and Corynebacterium pygosceleis sp. nov., isolated from Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)

A taxonomic study was conducted on 16 bacterial strains isolated from wild Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Seymour (Marambio) Island and James Ross Island. An initial screening by repetitive sequence-based PCR fingerprinting divided the strains studied into four coherent groups. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences assigned all groups to the genus Corynebacterium and showed that Corynebacterium glyciniphilum and Corynebacterium terpenotabidum were the closest species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between 95.4 % and 96.5 %. Further examination of the strains studied with ribotyping, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, comprehensive biotyping and calculation of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridisation values confirmed the separation of the four groups from each other and from the other Corynebacterium species. Chemotaxonomically, the four strains P5828^T, P5850^T, P6136^T, P7210^T representing the studied groups were characterised by C_16:0 and C_18:1 ω9c as the major fatty acids, by the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, the presence of corynemycolic acids and a quinone system with the predominant menaquinone MK-9(H₂). The results of this study show that the strains studied represent four new species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the names Corynebacterium antarcticum sp. nov. (type strain P5850^T = CCM 8835^T = LMG 30620^T), Corynebacterium marambiense sp. nov. (type strain P5828^T = CCM 8864^T = LMG 31626^T), Corynebacterium meridianum sp. nov. (type strain P6136^T = CCM 8863^T = LMG 31628^T) and Corynebacterium pygosceleis sp. nov. (type strain P7210^T = CCM 8836^T = LMG 30621^T) are proposed.     

Tabanidae (Diptera) of State of Maranhão, Brazil II. Description of Esenbeckia (Esenbeckia) rafaeli, sp. nov

Esenbeckia (Esenbeckia) rafaeli, sp.nov. is described and figured from nine specimens collected in Carolina, state of Maranh?o, Brazil. The new species is compared with the species Esenbeckia (Esenbeckia) laticlava Wilkerson & Fairchild, 1983; Esenbeckia (Esenbeckia) bitriangulata Lutz & Castro, 1935 e Esenbeckia (Esenbeckia) enderleini Kr?ber, 1931.     

赛氏蚊一新种——中华赛氏蚊Theobaldia(Theobaldia)sinensis,sp. nov.

一、形态描述雄蚊: 头部 头顶有淡黄窄弯鳞与直立叉状鳞掺杂在一起;叉状鳞大部为黑色并且在枕部形成丛,丛外有少数淡色叉状鳞;复眼边缘后有密集的淡黄色窄弯鳞形成一窄缘饰。头部两侧各有一群淡色宽鳞。触角球节内侧有一群淡色宽鳞;鞭节有一般雄性特征。触须比喙稍长或等长;末2节宽大,末节最宽而末端圆;各节暗褐色,关节色淡,末节端末有淡色鳞;第3节末半与第4节全部的腹面有褐色长毛丛,但关节上的长毛为淡色;末节腹面有较短的毛。     

记洛川大角鹿(新种)Megaloceros luochuanensis(sp.nov.)

陕西洛川黑木沟有发育完好的黄土剖面。各黄土层中几乎都产有哺乳类化石,找到者以鼢鼠类为主。中更新统中(或中上)部的洛川大角鹿(Megaloceros luochuanensis)是一新种,其主要构造特征介于扁角大角鹿及河套大角鹿之间。     

Taxonomic clarification of the dinophyte Rhabdosphaera erinaceus Kamptner, ≡ Scrippsiella erinaceus comb. nov. (Thoracosphaeraceae,Peridiniales)

The Scrippsiella trochoidea species complex (Thoracosphaeraceae, Peridiniales) consists of a cryptic diversity and multiple species, for which established scientific names are not available at present. Previously, the name Scrippsiella trochoidea has been taxonomically clarified, leaving a reliable determination of morphologically similar, but only distantly related species impossible. We isolated and cultivated Scrippsiella erinaceus comb. nov. (strains GeoM*533 and GeoM*534) from material collected near the type locality off Rovinj, Republic of Croatia (Adriatic Sea). We barcoded the species of the Thoracosphaeraceae using rRNA sequences (including 22 new sequences) and investigated the morphology of the strains using light and electron microscopy. The Scrippsiella trochoidea species complex was composed of three primary clades, and the Adriatic strains were reliably assigned to one of them being distinct from the true Scrippsiella trochoidea. We designate an epitype for the basionym Rhabdosphaera erinaceus prepared from the strain GeoM*534. The unambiguous links between a scientific species name, its protologue, genetic characterization and spatial distribution have particular importance for character-poor, unicellular organisms such as the Dinophyceae.     

Morphological and molecular reinvestigation of acanthoecid species III. – Kalathoeca cupula (Leadbeater, 1972) gen. et comb. nov. (=Stephanoeca cupula (Leadbeater) Thomsen, 1988)

Based on a further re-examination of loricate choanoflagellate species with detailed morphological (SEM/TEM) and molecular data of the SSU and LSU rRNA, the present study aims to give new insights for Stephanoeca cupula. In contrast to the original allocation within the family of tectiform reproducing species, morphological and molecular data of S. cupula sensu Leadbeater, 1972 points towards an affiliation within the nudiform reproducing family. Based on these new data, we here erect the nudiform genus Kalathoeca with its type species K. cupula gen. et comb. nov. Our data challenges morphological species assignments, as K. cupula shares its morphological lorica characteristics with tectiform reproducing species of Stephanoeca sensu stricto. Kalathoeca cupula is an interesting candidate for further investigating and understanding the evolutionary relationship of tectiform and nudiform reproducing species.Stephanoeca cupula sensu Thomsen, 1988 has been morphologically re-examined based on the renewed understanding of the morphological variability associated with S. cupula sensu Leadbeater, 1972 (=K. cupula), allowing us now to distribute the different morphological forms investigated within K. cupula and Pseudostephanoeca quasicupula.     

НОВЫЙ ВИЗЕЙСКИЙ РОД СПИРИФЕРИД-Grandispirifer gen.nov.

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Morphology and cell division of the oxytrichids Architricha indica nov. gen., nov. sp., and Histriculus histrio (Müller, 1773), Corliss, 1960 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida)

The oxytrichid ciliate Architricha indica nov. gen., nov. sp., isolated from the river Yamuna, Delhi, shows a new combination of characters. It possesses a flexible body, 18 frontal-ventral-transverse (FVT) cirri, 3 right and 2 left marginal cirral rows, 6 dorsal bristle rows and 3 caudal cirri (CC). The FVT cirri arise from 6 primordia, which utilize 6 parental cirri in their origin as is typical of Oxytricha species. Multiple marginal rows (MMR) develop through 5 independent marginal primordia arising "within-row", 1 in each parental marginal row. All the 5 marginal rows are thus morphogenetically active. Such a mode of formation of MMR has not been recorded among oxytrichids and has necessitated separation of A. indica at the generic level. Histriculus, on the other hand, has well-known characteristics, viz. rigid body, confluent marginal rows and absence of CC. The morphogenesis of Histriculus histrio has been described by Berger and Foissner [1997. Cladistic relationships and generic characterization of oxytrichid hypotrichs (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Arch. Protistenkd. 148, 125-155]. Reinvestigation of very early stages of development revealed that (i) the FVT cirral primordia utilize kinetosomes from 5 parental FVT cirri, (ii) the primordium II of the proter is of a composite origin: kinetosomes from the oral primordium merge with the primordium II that originates from the buccal cirrus II/2 and (iii) the FVT primordia V and VI for the 2 daughter cells arise sequentially from the parental cirrus V/4. Thus, the genus Histriculus exhibits a new combination of characters with respect to the origin of FVT cirri, an additional pattern to be added to the known 6 patterns of FVT development in oxytrichids [Berger and Foissner, 1997; Berger, H., 1999. Monograph of the Oxytrichidae (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London].     

Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae)

A new species of Orthotrichum, O. dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth, is described from the European Alps. The new species belongs to the subgenus Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt, section Diaphana Vent. Orthotrichum dentatum is similar to O. schimperi Hammar but differs from the latter in that it features a hairy calyptra, denticulate to dentate leaf apices and strongly keeled leaves. Orthotrichum dentatum grows as an epiphyte on a variety of deciduous trees. So far, the new species has only been found in Italy and Switzerland.     

Margolisiella islandica sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eimeridae) infecting Iceland scallop Chlamys islandica (Müller, 1776) in Icelandic waters

Wild Iceland scallops Chlamys islandica from an Icelandic bay were examined for parasites. Queen scallops Aequipecten opercularis from the Faroe Islands and king scallops Pecten maximus and queen scallops from Scottish waters were also examined. Observations revealed heavy infections of eimeriorine parasites in 95–100% of C. islandica but not the other scallop species. All life stages in the apicomplexan reproduction phases, i.e. merogony, gametogony and sporogony, were present. Trophozoites and meronts were common within endothelial cells of the heart’s auricle and two generations of free merozoites were frequently seen in great numbers in the haemolymph. Gamonts at various developmental stages were also abundant, most frequently free in the haemolymph. Macrogamonts were much more numerous than microgamonts. Oocysts were exclusively in the haemolymph; live mature oocysts contained numerous (>500) densely packed pairs of sporozoites forming sporocysts.Analysis of the 18S ribosomal DNA revealed that the parasite from C. islandica is most similar (97.7% identity) to an unidentified apicomplexan isolated from the haemolymph of the giant clam, Tridacna crocea, from Japan. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the novel sequence consistently grouped with the Tridacna sequence which formed a robust sister clade to the rhytidocystid group.We propose the name Margolisiella islandica sp. nov., referring to both type host and type locality.     

伏平粉属(新属)Fupingopollenitesgen.nov.及其时空分布

一、前言建立伏平粉属Fupingopollenites的材料系笔者1976—1977年间采自广西百色盆地的中晚渐新世百岗组上部和伏平组。伏平粉属(新属)Fupingopollenites gen nov.虽然外壁结构和表面纹饰相当复杂,但特征很明显。即使萌发器官(尤其是内孔)看不清楚,亦相当容易鉴定。当前标本保存多十分精美,特别是侧面保存标本更是难得。经研究,目前     

Description of Ulvella elegans sp. nov. and U. islandica sp. nov. (Ulvellaceae,Ulvophyceae) from Iceland – a study based on morphology of species in culture and tufA gene sequences

Two new Ulvella species, U. elegans R. Nielsen & K. Gunnarsson and U. islandica R. Nielsen & K. Gunnarsson are described. These microfilamentous marine green algae were found in the sublittoral zone in northern Iceland, epiphytic on Euthora cristata and associated with a calcareous polychaete tube, respectively. Unialgal cultures were established from field-collected material for morphological observations. In culture, Ulvella elegans was characterized by rosettes of monostromatic pseudoparenchyma consisting of radiating filaments with a margin of mutually free filaments. Each cell had one pyrenoid. Hairs were not observed. Ulvella islandica had a heterotrichous morphology, consisting of dense tufts of upright broad branches and much narrower, rhizoid-like branches. Acrochaete-type hairs occurred; these are hyaline non-septate merocytic extensions from a more or less bulbous base, which may be separated from the vegetative cell below. Most cells had one pyrenoid except for a few broad cells which had two or three. In a phylogenetic reconstruction based on the chloroplast-encoded tufA gene, the sequences for the two species were clearly distinct from any other Ulvella sequence available for this gene. Ulvella islandica was placed in a clade together with U. lens, U. wittrockii, U. reticulata and U. pseudorepens. Ulvella elegans occupied a branch deep in the phylogeny but the position was poorly supported.     

Morphology and phylogenetic position of the oxytrichid ciliates,Urosoma salmastra (Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986) Berger, 1999 and U. karinae sinense nov. sspec. (Ciliophora,Hypotrichia)

The morphology and infraciliature of two hypotrichous ciliates, Urosoma salmastra and U. karinae sinense nov. sspec., were investigated for populations collected from the surface of intertidal gravel in the Huguang Mangrove Forest, Zhanjiang, China and the upper 10 cm layer of soil in the Sangke Grass Land in the southern part of Gansu Province, China, respectively. Urosoma salmastra is characterized by its elongate-elliptical body with no tail-like structure; two macronuclear nodules; cortical granules colourless, less than 1 μm across, and arranged in short rows; adoral zone occupying 25% of body length in vivo; paroral conspicuously short and located in front of endoral. Urosoma karinae sinense nov. sspec. is characterized by its elongate-elliptical body with no tail; 2–4 macronuclear nodules; cortical granules colourless, less than 1 μm across, and arranged in short rows; adoral zone occupying 30% of body length in vivo; paroral shorter than, and located ahead of endoral. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data suggest a close relationship between U. salmastra, U. karinae sinense nov. sspec. and Oxytricha granulifera within the Oxytrichinae assemblage.