复合氨基酸铁铵的药效学及毒理学研究

利用少量多次放血法,制备家兔失血性贫血模型,观察复合氨基酸铁铵的抗贫血作用。对贫血家兔连续给药９天,本品的高、低剂量组和硫酸亚铁组,在提高血红蛋白,红细胞数以及红细胞比积方面与生理盐水组相比较具显著的统计学意义。急性毒性实验表明本品的ＬＤ５０为２．９２５ｇ／ｋｇ。     

牦牛皮胶对环磷酰胺致贫血小鼠血象红系参数及脾脏结构的影响

探讨牦牛皮胶对环磷酰胺所致的贫血小鼠的血象红系参数和脾脏结构的影响。采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立小鼠贫血模型,造模4天后各给药组小鼠分别ig牦牛皮胶1、2、3、6 g/(kg·d),阿胶补血颗粒14.05 g/(kg·d),在给药后的第7、14、21天检测各组小鼠的外周血象,计算脾脏和胸腺系数,切片观察脾脏的形态结构。结果表明,与模型组相比,1 g/(kg·d)牦牛皮胶给药组给药7、14、21 d,血红蛋白显著升高(P 0.05); 2 g/(kg·d)牦牛皮胶给药组给药7、14、21天,红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞比容、平均血红蛋白量及平均血红蛋白浓度显著升高(P 0.05); 3g/(kg·d)牦牛皮胶给药组给药14、21天,红细胞数及平均血红蛋白浓度显著升高(P 0.05); 6 g/(kg·d)牦牛皮胶给药组给药7、14天,平均血红蛋白量显著升高(P 0.05);各给药组脾脏淋巴细胞增多,白髓与红髓的界限变清晰。综上,各浓度牦牛皮胶对贫血小鼠均有补血作用,其中2 g/(kg·d)的牦牛皮胶给药剂量,14天的给药时间的补血作用较为理想。     

石榴果皮水溶性提取物的抗球虫活性分析

本研究将‘软籽石榴’作为实验材料,将感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的3周龄Cobb肉仔鸡作为研究对象,考察石榴果皮水提物组、氨丙啉组、未用药组和对照组的每克粪便中的卵囊数、体重增量和饲料转化率之间的差异。结果显示,治疗7 d后,水提物组的每克粪便中的卵囊数和饲料转化率显著低于未用药组,而体重增量显著高于未用药组。不同剂量(100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg体重)的石榴果皮水提物的抗球虫效果呈剂量依赖性增加,而以400 mg/kg体重的石榴果皮水提物对Cobb肉仔鸡灌胃效果最佳,治疗7 d后,每克粪便中的卵囊数(103个)和饲料转化率(1.47)分别达到最低,体重增量达到最高(1 699.99 mg·kg~(-1)·bw~(-1))。因此,石榴果皮水提取物具有较好的抗球虫活性。     

低频交变磁场刺激对缺铁性贫血大鼠贫血改善的作用研究

目的:明确低频正弦波交变电磁场对缺铁性贫血大鼠贫血改善的作用效果,为其未来的临床应用提供实验依据。方法:雄性断乳的SPF级Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,共36只,随机的等分为空白对照组(n=12)、缺铁性贫血组(n=12)和缺铁性贫血+电磁场刺激组(n=12)。缺铁性贫血组和缺铁性贫血+电磁场刺激组的大鼠饲养以低铁饲料和去离子水,每周尾静脉放血1 m L。空白对照组大鼠饲养以常规饲料和普通蒸馏水,且不予尾静脉放血。对缺铁性贫血+电磁场刺激组的12只大鼠施加全身低频交变电磁场刺激,每天刺激2小时,连续刺激10周。实验结束后提取大鼠血液样本,使用氰化高铁血红蛋白法进行测定全血血红蛋白含量,使用专用试剂盒测定血清铁和总铁结合力;提取肝脏和脾脏组织,对肝脏铁和脾脏铁含量进行测定。结果:全身暴露低频交变电磁场刺激显著提高了缺铁性贫血大鼠体重(P0.05),提升了其血清铁含量(P0.05),显著提高全血血红蛋白含量(P0.05),并显著降低了缺铁性贫血大鼠血清总铁结合力(P0.05);同时,电磁刺激也显著提高了缺铁性贫血大鼠肝脏铁和脾脏铁含量(P0.05)。结论:交变电磁场作为一种经济、安全、无创的物理作用方式,具有较为显著的缺铁性贫血的改善效果。     

新疆药桑桑叶对2-型糖尿病小鼠血糖和脂质代谢的影响

分析新疆药桑桑叶水提物和生物碱浸膏对试验性2-型糖尿病小鼠血糖和脂质代谢的影响。采用高脂高糖饲料加链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病小鼠模型,根据体质量、血糖水平将小鼠随机分为9组:即对照组、模型组、罗格列酮(阳性药物)组、桑叶水提物高(AE-HD)、中(AE-MD)、低(AE-LD)剂量组和生物碱浸膏高(TA-HD)、中(TA-MD)、低(TA-LD)剂量组,每组10只。连续灌胃给药30 d,观察小鼠血糖、血脂、胰岛素水平、糖耐量及氧化应激指标的变化。与模型组相比,桑叶水提物组和生物碱浸膏组均能够显著降低糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖(P0.05,P0.01),显著提高血清胰岛素水平(P0.01),而且显著降低2-型糖尿病小鼠的LDL和TG,增加对胰岛素的敏感性(P0.01),使小鼠血清SOD活力显著升高(P0.01),MDA水平明显下降;糖耐量试验中,桑叶水提物组和生物碱浸膏组在0.5 h、1 h和2 h测得的血糖值与模型组相比均呈现极显著性差异(P0.01)。表明新疆药桑桑叶水提物和生物碱浸膏均具有一定的降血糖作用,且桑叶水提物优于生物碱浸膏,同时能有效改善糖尿病小鼠脂质代谢紊乱,增强活性氧清除能力,并提高糖尿病小鼠糖耐量。     

新疆药桑桑叶对2-型糖尿病小鼠血糖和脂质代谢的影响北大核心CSCD

分析新疆药桑桑叶水提物和生物碱浸膏对试验性2-型糖尿病小鼠血糖和脂质代谢的影响。采用高脂高糖饲料加链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病小鼠模型,根据体质量、血糖水平将小鼠随机分为9组:即对照组、模型组、罗格列酮(阳性药物)组、桑叶水提物高(AE-HD)、中(AE-MD)、低(AE-LD)剂量组和生物碱浸膏高(TA-HD)、中(TA-MD)、低(TA-LD)剂量组,每组10只。连续灌胃给药30 d,观察小鼠血糖、血脂、胰岛素水平、糖耐量及氧化应激指标的变化。与模型组相比,桑叶水提物组和生物碱浸膏组均能够显著降低糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖(P<0.05,P<0.01),显著提高血清胰岛素水平(P<0.01),而且显著降低2-型糖尿病小鼠的LDL和TG,增加对胰岛素的敏感性(P<0.01),使小鼠血清SOD活力显著升高(P<0.01),MDA水平明显下降;糖耐量试验中,桑叶水提物组和生物碱浸膏组在0.5 h、1 h和2 h测得的血糖值与模型组相比均呈现极显著性差异(P<0.01)。表明新疆药桑桑叶水提物和生物碱浸膏均具有一定的降血糖作用,且桑叶水提物优于生物碱浸膏,同时能有效改善糖尿病小鼠脂质代谢紊乱,增强活性氧清除能力,并提高糖尿病小鼠糖耐量。     

蛹虫草MF27高抗氧化活性提取物筛选及保肝作用研究

本研究对一株优质蛹虫草菌株MF27不同提取物进行体外抗氧化活性比较,筛选得到高抗氧化活性提取物,并进一步探究该提取物对CCl₄诱导的小鼠肝损伤的修复作用。以DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率为抗氧化评价指标,从菌丝体发酵液、菌丝体水提物/醇提物、以及子实体水提物/醇提物中筛选菌株MF27的高抗氧化活性提取物;以CCl₄致小鼠急性肝损伤为模型,通过检测血清生化指标、肝功指标的变化,来评价该高活性提取物的体内抗氧化保肝效果。体外抗氧化实验结果表明,MF27的不同提取物均具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,但对清除DPPH和OH自由基能力最好的提取物是子实体水提物,其对DPPH自由基的半数有效浓度（EC₅₀）为0.096mg/mL,对羟自由基的半数有效浓度（EC₅₀）为0.196mg/mL,当在1mg/mL 时对DPPH自由基的清除率为94.94%,对羟自由基的清除率为70.17%;体内抗氧化保肝结果显示,给药组（子实体水提物）相比模型组而言,小鼠血清中ALT、AST以及肝脏中MDA水平极显著降低（P<0.01）、SOD水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,表明子实体水提物能有效改善氧化性肝损伤,同时与阳性对照（联苯双酯）对比,给药组在肝脏指数上表现出相当的作用（P>0.05）。本研究表明菌株MF27的最有效抗氧化活性提取物是子实体水提物,它对体内氧化性肝损伤有一定的修复能力,揭示MF27子实体水提物具有成为抗氧化性肝损伤功能产品的潜力。     

豹皮樟提取物对小鼠肠道菌群失衡的调整作用

目的观察豹皮樟（老鹰茶）不同溶剂提取物对小鼠抗生素相关性菌群失衡的调整作用,为豹皮樟的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。方法使用抗生素造模,将小鼠分为正常对照组、水提物组、醇提物组、模型组和自然恢复组,利用传统菌落计数法等观察各组肠道菌群失衡及恢复调整情况。结果豹皮樟不同提取物对改善小鼠肠道内菌群的效果不同：水提物具有显著调节肠杆菌及肠球菌等小鼠肠道表层需氧菌的作用,醇提物对小鼠肠道深层厌氧双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的调整作用显著,具有益生元特眭。结论豹皮樟可以调整肠道菌群,纠正抗生素相关性菌群失调。     

野菊水提物和醇提物抗氧化及保肝活性研究

采用ABTS和DPPH方法评价野菊Chrysanthemum indicum水提物和醇提物的抗氧化活性;选用HepG2细胞,通过乙醇诱导损伤,检测野菊水提物和醇提物处理后细胞存活率评价其保肝效果。结果表明,野菊醇提物抗氧化能力优于水提物,其中,野菊醇提物对ABTS自由基清除作用较好。酒精性肝损伤细胞活性测定显示,5、10、20μg·mL^-1的野菊水提物和醇提物处理组较乙醇损伤组(eth)细胞的存活率显著上升,总体呈现剂量依赖性,其中野菊醇提物保肝效果更优。     

褐蘑菇碱提物降血糖作用研究

目的：研究褐蘑菇碱提物的降血糖作用。方法：四氧嘧啶灌胃造高血糖小鼠模型,随机分成6组,分别是正常对照组、模型对照组、高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组、阳性对照组,前两组以生理盐水连续灌胃7d,阳性对照组灌胃消渴丸溶液连续7d。高、中、低剂量组（100、200、400mg/kg）以褐蘑菇碱提物溶液连续灌胃7d,摘眼球取血,测定空腹血糖值。结果：高、中、低剂量组对糖尿病小鼠的降糖率分别是16.9%、20.2%和15.1%,阳性对照组的降糖率是25.1%。结论：褐蘑菇碱提物中剂量组降糖效果要优于高、低剂量组。褐蘑菇碱提物能显著降低四氧嘧啶所制备的糖尿病小鼠血糖浓度。     

铁观音茶水提物对小鼠高尿酸血症的缓解作用

近年来,高尿酸血症（hyperuricemia,HUA）在人群中频发,危害性强,并发症多。为了探究日常饮品--半发酵茶铁观音茶水对于缓解HUA是否具有辅助作用,以小鼠为实验对象,采用氧嗪酸钾和次黄嘌呤联合法构建小鼠高尿酸血症模型,21只模型鼠随机分为模型组、铁观音茶水提物组、阳性药物组,7只非模型鼠作为对照。做不同处理2周后,取小鼠血清及肾、肝、小肠。观察各器官病理变化,从细胞层面鉴定铁观音茶水提物对高尿酸血症小鼠各脏器的影响;测定与HUA相关度较高的生化指标：血清尿酸（uric acid,UA）浓度、肝黄嘌呤氧化酶（xanthine oxidase,XOD）活力,以明确造模是否成功以及判断铁观音茶水提物对HUA是否具有缓解作用;利用qRT-PCR检测尿酸合成和排泄相关基因的mRNA表达水平,并利用Western blot检测肝XOD蛋白的表达水平,以从分子层面明确铁观音茶水提物对HUA的影响。病理切片显示,相比于阳性药物组,铁观音茶水提物组小鼠的肾和肝损害程度较轻;生化指标测定结果显示,铁观音茶水提物可降低血清尿酸水平,并且抑制XOD活性;从分子层面可以看出,铁观音茶水提物显著升高了尿酸重吸收转运体尿酸转运蛋白1(uric acid transporter 1,URAT1)和有机阴离子转运蛋白3(organic anion transporter 3,OAT3)的mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）,显著降低了葡萄糖转运子9（glucose transporter 9,GLUT9）和有机阴离子转运蛋白1(organic anion transporter 1,OAT1)的表达水平（P<0.05）。虽然qRT-PCR和Western blot提示,XOD的mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平升高,但尿酸生成量却下降,推测可能是铁观音茶水提物中的某种成分使得无催化活性的XOD蛋白表达增加进而对XOD基因的转录表达造成一种正反馈。研究提示,铁观音茶水提物对小鼠高尿酸血症具有缓解作用,其缓解高尿酸血症的作用与抑制XOD活性、干预尿酸生成过程和刺激或抑制相关阴离子转运体mRNA的表达相关。     

半夏和滴水珠抗五步蛇毒中毒作用的实验研究

目的研究滴水珠与半夏生药及其提取物抗五步蛇毒的作用。方法将ICR小鼠随机分为半夏生药组、半夏醇提物组、滴水珠生药组、滴水珠醇提物组、空白对照组、阳性对照组及模型组,各组小鼠均灌胃给药7天,并观察各给药组小鼠的体重变化情况;在末次给药1h后于小鼠腹腔注射五步蛇毒,观察各组小鼠的中毒表现,并统计各组小鼠的死亡率,比较各组小鼠的肝脏指数、脾脏指数及胸腺指数,并对各组小鼠血浆纤维蛋白原（FIB）、血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、活化部分凝血酶时间（APTT）以及血小板（PLT）、红细胞（RBC）和白细胞（WBC）计数进行比较。结果半夏和滴水珠醇提物、半夏和滴水珠生药均可降低五步蛇毒中毒小鼠的死亡率,对五步蛇毒引起的小鼠PT、TT、APTT上升和FIB下降具有显著的抑制作用,与模型组相比P〈0.05;并可影响五步蛇毒中毒小鼠外周血血小板（PLT）、红细胞（RBC）和白细胞（WBC）计数,与模型组相比P〈0.05。但滴水珠和半夏生药可引起小鼠体重下降,并影响肝脏、胸腺和脾脏指数,与空白对照组相比P〈0.05。结论半夏和滴水珠醇提物及半夏和滴水珠生药均具有一定的抗五步蛇毒作用,乙醇提取能降低半夏和滴水珠的毒性。     

Induction of antioxidative enzyme by the ayurvedic herb Desmotrichum fimbriatum Bl. in mice

The herb Desmotrichum fimbriatum Bl. (family: Orchidaceae), sold as Jibanti in West Bengal, is used in 'Rasayana therapy' in Ayurveda. Its effect on the modulation of the two antioxidant enzymes peroxidase and catalase has been studied in mice liver during 'cold water swim' (CWS) stress using appropriate controls. The drug, i.e. the aqueous ethanolic extract of the herb (whole plant) was found to increase peroxidase titre in the hepatic cells of normal mice. But in the stressed group, the drug displayed no effect on the peroxidase content, while it elicited an elevation of the catalase content. infinity-Tocoferol was used as the standard drug. These data suggested that the drug can ameliorate the peroxidative damage caused in mice by CWS stress.     

Evaluation of propolis,honey, and royal jelly in amelioration of peripheral blood leukocytes and lung inflammation in mouse conalbumin-induced asthma model

Bee products have been used since ancient times to treat many diseases, including respiratory ailments. The present study aimed to examine the modulatory effect of honey, royal jelly, and propolis extract on peripheral blood leukocytes and lung inflammation in a mouse conalbumin-induced asthma model. The mice in group I were not sensitised or treated; they were kept as controls. The mice in group II were sensitised and challenged with conalbumin. Twenty-four hours after the first challenge with antigen, the mice in group III received 0.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone intraperitoneally per day for 18 consecutive days and kept as positive controls. The mice in groups IV, V, and VI received 650, 1000, and 30 mg/kg of honey, royal jelly, and propolis (aqueous and ethanolic extract), respectively, once per day for 18 consecutive days. Blood was collected from all of the mice for white blood cell differentiation, and the lungs were removed for histopathological studies. The groups treated with propolis extract exhibited considerable ameliorative effects against asthma, which might be explained by the flavonoids and phenolics found in propolis, which might have antioxidative effects. Otherwise, the sensitised and honey- or royal jelly-treated groups exhibited an increased incidence of asthma cascade events due to increased inflammatory cells. These results might be due to the immunostimulatory and vasodilatory effects of royal jelly and honey, which are antagonistic to bronchial asthma cases. Histopathological examination revealed that the sensitised treated propolis extract groups had significant decreases in inflammatory scores compared with other treatments and the sensitised untreated group. These results confirmed the previous data of peripheral blood cells.     

Inhibition of endogenous glucose production accounts for hypoglycemic effect of Spergularia purpurea in streptozotocin mice.

The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous extract perfusion of Spergularia purpurea (SP) in diabetic mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extract was administered intravenously and the blood glucose levels were determined within 4 hours after starting the treatment. Plasma insulin concentrations and endogenous glucose production were also determined. The aqueous extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg produced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in normal rats (P < 0.05), and even more in diabetic rats (P < 0.001). This hypoglycemic effect might be due to an extra-pancreatic action of the aqueous extract of SP, since the basal plasma insulin concentrations were unchanged after SP treatment. In diabetic mice, a similar effect was observed and the results showed that aqueous extract of SP caused a potent inhibitor effect on basal endogenous glucose production (p < 0.001). We conclude that aqueous extract perfusion of SP inhibits endogenous glucose production in mice. This inhibition is at least one mechanism explaining the observed hypoglycemic activity of this plant in diabetic animals.     

云芝提取物对改善小鼠胃肠功能的作用

以大黄水煎剂建立小鼠胃肠功能损害模型,探讨云芝提取物和其中的白桦脂酸对小鼠胃肠功能的影响以及白桦脂酸对小鼠在脂质过氧化方面的影响。研究结果表明云芝提取物和白桦脂酸能够较为显著地提高胃蛋白酶活性,增加胃泌素和胃酸分泌量（P<0.01）;同时白桦脂酸高低剂量组能够明显降低小鼠血浆中丙二醛的含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性以及肝脏匀浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物的含量（P<0.01）。说明云芝提取物和白桦脂酸能够有效地改善小鼠的胃肠功能,且抗脂质过氧化是云芝活性成分白桦脂酸治疗作用机制之一。     

海参花抗氧化作用研究

目的：近年来关于天然活性成分的抗氧化特性研究越来越受到人们的关注,大量研究表明海参能通过抗氧化作用,减轻自由基对组织的损伤,提高机体免疫力。环磷酰胺可引起组织氧化损伤,导致卵巢早衰。为此,本文着重研究海参花对卵巢早衰（POF）小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法：选取健康雌性昆明小鼠80只,随机分为8组,每组10只,分别为正常组,模型组,海参花水提物低、高剂量组,海参花醇提物低、高剂量组,海参花冻干粉组和阳性药组。除正常组每天注射生理盐水外,其余各组每天注射环磷酰胺（28mg/kg）,连续5天,造成小鼠卵巢早衰、生殖系统紊乱。造模成功后,治疗组分别灌服海参花提取物和阳性药,正常组和模型组给予同体积蒸馏水。末次灌胃禁食,处死迅速解剖取出卵巢和子宫,低温下匀浆组织。测定各组小鼠卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量,并测定各组小鼠间子宫、卵巢、脾、胸腺脏器系数。结果：与模型组相比,海参花提取物能显著增加小鼠的子宫、卵巢、胸腺等脏器重量,升高卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、SOD活性、GSH-Px活性,并能降低MDA含量。结论：海参花提取物能改善环磷酰胺引起的卵巢和子宫氧化损伤,具有良好的抗氧化作用,为海参花的研究开发提供理论依据。     

Effects of aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L. on oxidative stress and liver, spleen leptin, PARα and FAS mRNA expression in high-fat diet induced mice

We reported that an aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L. inhibited high-fat-diet-induced oxidative injury in a dose-dependent manner. Male kunming mice (5-weeks-old, 24 g) were used in this experiment. After a 4-day adaptation period, animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group); Group 1: animals received normal powdered rodent diet; Group 2: animals received high fat diet; Groups 3 and 4: animals received high fat diet and were fed by gavage to mice once a day with aqueous extract at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively. In mice fed with high-fat diet, blood and liver lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes activities were markedly decreased compared to normal control mice. Administration of an aqueous extract of P. oleracea L. significantly dose-dependently reduced levels of blood and liver lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of blood and liver antioxidant enzymes activities in high fat mice. Moreover, administration of an aqueous extract of P. oleracea L. significantly dose-dependently increase liver Leptin/β-actin (B), and Liver PPARα/β-actin, decrease liver, spleen FAS mRNA, p-PERK and p-PERK/PERK protein expression levels. Taken together, these data demonstrate that aqueous extract of P. oleracea L. can markedly alleviate high fat diet-induced oxidative injury by enhancing blood and liver antioxidant enzyme activities, modulating Leptin/β-actin (B), and Liver PPARα/β-actin, decrease liver, spleen FAS mRNA, p-PERK and p-PERK/PERK protein expression levels in mice.