Highlights► A wide variety of bioreporter and biosensor assays for arsenic detection exists. ► Assay detection limits are mostly in the range of 10–50 μg As per L and below. ► New focus is on reporter integration into microdevices for more optimal detection. ► A number of case studies show realistic field applicability of bioreporter assays. 相似文献
Highlights► Triacylglycerol assembly in microalgae might occur at plastid envelopes. ► Starch-less mutants provide clues for the engineering of carbon partitioning in algae. ► New algal species emerge as models for lipid and biofuel research. 相似文献
Highlights► Design of isotopic labeling experiments determines the precision of flux estimates. ► New approaches were developed to select optimal isotopic tracers and measurements. ► Tandem mass spectrometry provides more informative data for 13C flux analysis. ► Parallel labeling experiments can improve the quality of flux estimates. ► New methods are needed for optimal design of parallel labeling experiments. 相似文献
Highlights► Biofuel LCAs have high uncertainty and variability, particularly prospective LCAs. ► Variability in biofuel LCAs has two sources: model and methods-induced, and real. ► LCAs of 2nd-generation fuels are so uncertain that no pathway can clearly be preferred. ► Algae biodiesel LCA has greatest variability due to diverse technology, assumptions. 相似文献
Highlights► Stable isotope-assisted metabolomics is powerful to determine metabolic fluxes. ► Stable isotope-assisted metabolomics is more complex for mammalian cell cultures. ► Biotechnological processes can be improved by assessing metabolic flux changes. ► Metabolic flux analysis is an attractive tool for toxicity studies. ► There is a huge potential for future applications on mammalian systems. 相似文献
Highlights► A powerful range of tools has been developed for metabolic network flux analysis. ► These tools yield insights that are used to aid microbial metabolic engineering. ► Plants present great opportunities and special challenges to applying these tools. ► Tool selection and knowledge of plant systems is key to practical success. 相似文献
(a) Cells are taken from their culture media, mounted on grids or in capillaries, and cryopreserved. Tomographic data are collected in a soft X-ray microscope with the cells maintained at cryogenic temperature. (b) A single slice through a 3D tomographic reconstruction of an HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell. The slice comprises tomographic reconstructions from two adjacent fields of view computationally stitched together. (c) 3D volume rendering of the tomographic reconstruction shown in (b) after segmentation guided by linear absorption coefficients (LAC) and organelle morphology. Key: Red; Nucleus, Turquoise; Mitochondria, Blue; Lipids, Gray; cell membrane. Scale bar = 1.5 μm.
Highlights► Electrofuels are non-photosynthetic, energy-dense fuels made from carbon dioxide. ► Herein, we review electrofuel production in hydrogen-utilizing organisms. ► We review both current and emerging electrofuel platforms and organisms. ► New advancements in genetic tools for electrofuel host organisms are examined. 相似文献
Highlights► Recent progress in biomolecular magic angle spinning solid state NMR is reviewed. ► MAS NMR is applied to study non-crystalline, non-soluble and high molecular-weight systems. ► New methods rely on sparse isotope enrichment, proton detection, fast spinning and signal enhancements. ► New structure calculations are based on 1H–1H restraints, paramagnetic effects and tensor analysis. ► Applications to protein aggregates, assemblies, fibrils, membrane proteins and enzymes are described. 相似文献
Highlights► In vivo flux distributions can be determined with increasing accuracy and breadth. ► Enzyme activity can partly be identified from codon usage and other DNA features. ► Stoichiometric constraints of metabolism set a frame that can be exploited to design efficient metabolic networks. ► Insights into DNA-sequence–function relationships lead to first examples of rational DNA writing. ► Increasing DNA synthesis speed moves metabolic engineering from tinkering to green field design. 相似文献
Highlights► Ethanol could hinder BTEX attenuation by various biogeochemical mechanisms. ► O2 depletion, enzyme repression and metabolic flux dilution elongate BTEX plumes. ► Elongation is site-specific and is offset by fortuitous growth of BTEX degraders. ► Ethanol migrates through the capillary fringe, a zone of high microbial activity. ► Ethanol-derived CH4 could pose an explosion risk and enhance BTEX vapor intrusion. 相似文献
Highlights► Tandem MS combines efficient separation, high sensitivity and selectivity. ► Tandem MS is used for measuring stable-isotopic labeling for 13C-flux analysis. ► Complete positional isotopomer distribution of aspartate was measured by tandem MS. ► Measurement accuracy is improved by 2-fold to10-fold compared to GC–MS and LC–MS. ► Validated libraries of parent–daughter fragments are needed for accurate 13C-analysis. 相似文献
Highlights► Flux control does not reside in individual glycolytic enzymes in L. lactis. ► ATP demand does not control the glycolytic flux in L. lactis. ► Lactic acid bacteria are excellent candidates for the cell factories of the future. 相似文献
Exposures to particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) may influence the risk of birth defects and make you allergic, which causes serious harm to human health. Bamboo charcoal can adsorb harmful substances,that was of benefitto people’s health. In order to figure out the optimal adsorbtion condition and the intrinsic change of bamboo charcoal, five chemicals were adsorbed by bamboo charcoal and were analyzed by FT-IR. The optimal blast time was 80 min of Na2SO3, 100 min of Na2S2O8, 20 min of Na2SO4, 120 min of Fe2(SO4)3 and 60 min or 100 min of S. FT-IR spectra showed that bamboo charcoal had five characteristic peaks of SS stretch, H2O stretch, OH stretch, CO stretch or CC stretch, and NO2 stretch at 3850 cm−1, 3740 cm−1, 3430 cm−1, 1630 cm−1 and 1530 cm−1, respectively. For Na2SO3, the peaks at 3850 cm−1, 3740 cm−1, 3430 cm−1, 1630 cm−1 and 1530 cm−1 achieved the maximum at 20 min. For Na2S2O8, the peaks at 3850 cm−1, 3740 cm−1, 3430 cm−1 and 1530 cm−1 achieved the maximum at 40 min. For Na2SO4, the peaks at 3850 cm−1, 3740 cm−1 and 1530 cm−1 achieved the maximum at 40 min. For Fe2(SO4)3, the peaks at 3850 cm−1, 3740 cm−1, 1630 cm−1 and 1530 cm−1 achieved the maximum at 120 min. For S, the peaks at 3850 cm−1 and 3740 cm−1 achieved the maximum at 40 min, the peaks at 1630 cm−1 and 1530 cm−1 achieved the maximum at 40 min. It proved that bamboo charcoal could remove sulfur powder from air to restrain sulfur allergies. 相似文献
The apelinergic system includes a series of endogenous peptides apelin, ELABELA/TODDLER and their 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled apelin receptor (APJ, AGTRL-1, APLNR). The APJ receptor is an attractive therapeutic target because of its involvement in cardiovascular diseases and potentially other disorders including liver fibrosis, obesity, diabetes, and neuroprotection. To date, pharmacological characterization of the APJ receptor has been limited due to the lack of small molecule functional agonists or antagonists. Through focused screening we identified a drug-like small molecule agonist hit 1 with a functional EC50 value of 21.5 ± 5 μM and binding affinity (Ki) of 5.2 ± 0.5 μM. Initial structure–activity studies afforded compound 22 having a 27-fold enhancement in potency and the first sub-micromolar full agonist with an EC50 value of 800 ± 0.1 nM and Ki of 1.3 ± 0.3 μM. Preliminary SAR, synthetic methodology, and in vitro pharmacological characterization indicate this scaffold will serve as a favorable starting point for further refinement of APJ potency and selectivity.
Highlights► Not all chelators are the same: more than metal sequestration and elimination. ► Metal chelates can redistribute metals across biological membranes. ► Metal-chelating fragments provide leads for metalloenzyme inhibition. ► Metal chelation can enhance metal reactivity and thus cytotoxicity. ► Prochelators provide site-activated metal chelation and passivation. 相似文献
Highlights► Genome sequencing is an efficient, cost-effective way of characterizing microbes. ► Pangenome analysis gives new insight into texture formation in yoghurt. ► Pangenome analysis of probiotic strains has identified new effect or molecules. ► Pangenome analysis gives insight into probiotic–host specificity. ► Future perspectives include improved strains for food fermentations and probiotics. 相似文献
Highlights► We focus on the latest developments in nanotechnology-based electrophysiology. ► Methods for extracellular recording via nanoFET-based devices are described. ► Metal nanoelectrodes for the recording of electrogenic cells are reviewed. ► The latest developments of intracellular FET-based probes are shortly covered. ► Pioneering electrical scaffold devices for the interfacing with tissues are described. 相似文献
