Autophagic transport to the vacuole represents an endomembrane trafficking route, which is widely used in plants, not only during stress situations, but also for vacuole biogenesis and during developmental processes. Here we report a role in autophagic membrane transport for EXO70B1—one of 23 paralogs of Arabidopsis EXO70 exocyst subunits. EXO70B1 positive compartments are internalized into the central vacuole and co‐localize with autophagosomal marker ATG8f. This internalization is boosted by induction of autophagy. Loss of function (LOF) mutations in exo70B1 cause reduction of internalized autopagic bodies in the vacuole. Mutant plants also show ectopic hypersensitive response (HR) mediated by salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, increased nitrogen starvation susceptibility and anthocyanin accumulation defects. Anthocyanin accumulation defect persists in npr1x exo70B1 double mutants with SA signaling compromised, while ectopic HR is suppressed. EXO70B1 interacts with SEC5 and EXO84 and forms an exocyst subcomplex involved in autophagy‐related, Golgi‐independent membrane traffic to the vacuole. We show that EXO70B1 is functionally completely different from EXO70A1 exocyst subunit and adopted a specific role in autophagic transport . 相似文献
Highlights? Antimycobacterial antibiotics activate autophagy in Mtb-infected host cells ? Autophagy activation depends on cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species ? Host cell autophagy is essential for antimycobacterial drug action in infected macrophages and flies ? Antibiotic-induced autophagy dampened proinflammatory responses in infected macrophages 相似文献
Highlights? ADF/cofilin localizes to the TGN and binds SPCA1 in an actin-dependent manner ? Dynamic actin regulates the activity of the Ca2+ pump SPCA1 ? ADF/cofilin facilitates secretory cargo sorting in a Ca2+-dependent manner 相似文献
Homeostatic interactions between helminths, commensals and the host immune system; red arrows denote pro-inflammatory pathways, blue arrow counter-inflammatory. Direct tissue damage provokes release of alarmins (IL-33, also TSLP and IL-25) and can allow bacterial translocation with consequent TLR stimulation of host cells. Helminth secreted products (ES) are known to inhibit expression of the IL-33R (ST2) and host responses to TLR ligation. In addition, both helminths and commensals maintain host immunoregulatory networks through ES products and the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Highlights? mTORC1 inhibition is required for constitutive and starvation-induced autophagy ? Sustained activation of mTORC1 causes a severe myopathy due to autophagy impairment ? TSC1 depletion is sufficient to activate mTORC1 irrespective of other stimuli ? mTORC1 inactivation is sufficient to trigger LC3 lipidation 相似文献
Highlights? FOXO forms redox-sensitive, disulfide-dependent complexes with several proteins ? Transportin-1 binds to FOXO via a disulfide and regulates its nuclear localization ? Redox and insulin signaling govern FOXO nuclear localization via distinct pathways ? Redox control of longevity protein FOXO/DAF-16 is evolutionarily conserved 相似文献
Highlights? 1.1/1.37 Å polysaccharide monooxygenases structures have active-site dioxygen species ? The structures reveal a large variance in substrate binding surfaces ? Proposed electron transport pathways in polysaccharide monooxygenases are conserved ? Polysaccharide monooxygenases and CBM33 enzymes likely bind substrates differently 相似文献
The exocyst complex is a multi-subunits evolutionary conserved complex, which was originally shown to be primarily associated with vesicular transport to the plasma membrane. A recent report (Kulich et al., 2013 Traffic; In Press) revealed that AtEXO70B1, one of the multiple subunits of the exocyst complex of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, is co-transported with the autophagy-associated Atg8f protein to the vacuole. This pathway does not involve the Golgi apparatus. The co-localization of AtEXO70B1 and Atg8f suggests either that both of these proteins are co-transported together to the vacuole or, alternatively, that Atg8 binds to a putative Atg8 interacting motif (AIM) located within the AtEXO70B1 polypeptide, apparently forming a tethering complex for an autophagic complex that is transported to the vacuole. In the present addendum, by tooling a bioinformatics approach, we show that AtEXO70B1 as well as the additional 20 paralogs of Arabidopsis EXO70 exocyst subunits each possess one or more AIMs whose consensus sequence implies their high fidelity binding to Atg8. This indicates that the autophagy machinery is strongly involved in the assembly, transport, and apparently also the function of AtEXO70B1 as well as the exocyst sub complex. 相似文献
Highlights? Some unfolded phosphoproteins form stable complexes with amorphous calcium phosphate. ? Stable complexes require ≥3 phosphorylated residues within a short sub-sequence. ? Soft and hard tissues can co-exist in the same organism because of these complexes. 相似文献
Highlights? Mice expressing truncated Odf2 cough and sneeze due to primary ciliary dyskinesia ? Full-length Odf2 is needed for the formation of basal body-associated basal feet ? In the absence of basal feet, basal bodies fail to align with planar polarity cues ? Polarization of basal bodies by Odf2 is required for coordinated ciliary beating 相似文献
