Le cancer différencié de la thyroïde chez les patients de moins de 20 ans : à propos de 20 cas

Papillary thyroid cancer is rare in patients under 20 years and has a good prognosis, although it is often found at the stage of lung metastases. Our multicenter study included 20 patients aged between 5 and 18 years, female predominance, followed for differentiated thyroid cancer with lung metastases. All these patients underwent a whole body scan with I-131, serum thyroglobulin, chest radiography in 4 cases and cervico-thoracic (CT) in 5 cases. Only scintigraphic imaging has shown miliary pulmonary among all patients. The therapeutic efficacy was observed in all patients after treatment with iodine-131, which proves the high sensitivity of these metastases to irathérapie. The differentiated thyroid cancer in child and adolescent is characterized by local aggressiveness and a higher frequency of distant metastases than in the adult. Prognosis does not seem to be influenced by histology alone, but by its association with other prognostic factors: age, metastases and surgery.     

Action de l'antimycine a sur l'activité succinoxydase des mitochondries du tubercule de Pomme de Terre,et comportement des cytochromes de type b

A kinetic study of the effect of antimycin A on succinate oxidase from plant mitochondria produced sigmoidal curves for the reduction of cytochromes b₅₆₀ and b₅₈₅ and for the inhibition of succinate oxidase. In the stationary state the interaction of the various components of the respiratory chain (flavins, ubiquinone, cytochromes…) occurs in a sequential mode which allows the application of simple equations utilizing rate constants and cytochrome concentrations. In these equations, it is assumed that there exists an excess of ubiquinone relative to other components of the respiratory chain as suggested by Kröger & Klingenberg (1970) and that the reoxidation of b cytochromes is fast. The inhibition by antimycin A, characterized by non-linear inhibition curves for succin-oxidase and inhibitor fixation in complex III on a component other than cytochrome c₁, is interpreted in terms of this model. This hypothesis presupposes the existence of an F factor between cytochrome b₅₆₀ and cytochrome c₁ as suggested by other authors. Utilizing these equations, theoretical curves for the inhibition of the reduction of cytochrome b₅₆₀ have been constructed and the results agree with the experimental data. The kinetic behavior of cytochrome b₅₆₆ during the induction of anaerobiosis suggests that it is not directly involved in the electron transfer chain but rather is either in thermodynamic equilibrium with cytochrome b₅₆₀ or in a shunt between cytochrome b₅₆₀ and factor F. From the experimental data, an equation is derived for the inhibition of the reduction of cytochrome b₅₆₆ by antimycin A. The actual effects of ATP and mClCCP on succinoxidase agree well with those predicted by the model.     

Cancer différencié de la thyroïde métastatique à propos de 70 cas : impact des nouvelles recommandations de 2017

IntroductionMetastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (MDT) represents an average of 10% of patients with CDT. Metastases are prognostic factors. Their care is multidisciplinary.ObjectiveTo study the epidemiological, clinical, histological, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of metastatic CDT and to study the impact of new recommendations.Patients and methodsRetrospective study of 70 patients followed for a metastatic CDT collected between June 2007 and June 2017, in the nuclear medicine department of Hassan II University Hospital of Fez.ResultsMean age 51.34 ± 15.96 years, sex ratio F:H: 2.5. Age > 45 years old at 65.7% of whom 42.8% > 55 years old. Circumstances of discovery: nodule 15.8%, multi-hetero-nodular goiter 17.1%, metastases 65.7%. Multivariate analysis shows a significant correlation of age greater than 45 years (P: 0,001) and revealing metastasis. Histology: papillary carcinoma 72.9%, vesicular carcinoma 22.8% and carcinoma poorly differentiated 4.3%. Tumor > 4 cm in 45.7%, the TNM classification (2010) vs. TNM classification (2017): 31.4% vs. 48.6% in stage I, 12.9% vs. 28.6% in stage II, the stage III in 17.1% vs. 0% and 38.6% vs. 22.8% in stage IV. Complementary investigations: localization of metastases: 40% at the bone level, 31.4% lung, 14.3% ganglionnaires and others 9.9%. Hormonal braking treatment was administered in all patients and the « irathérapie » (ATA vs. French recommendation 2017).EvolutionSeven cases of cure, 1 case of recurrence, 4.3% refractory to iodine.ConclusionThe presence of metastases, worsens the prognosis. Therapeutic de-escalation with French recommendations. Bone localization was predominant, its management is multidisciplinary, and radioactive iodine as a complementary treatment does not allow their healing.     

Vieillissement et fertilité de l'homme

The decreased androgen levels in the ageing male have an evident effect on libido, sex life and coital frequency, whereas its role in impotence, the frequency of which increases dramatically in old age, is only marginal. Sperm quality as well as its fertilizing capacity decreases only minimally with age: there is some decrease in motility as well as an increase in percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology, but sperm density remains unchanged, notwithstanding decreased spermatogenesis. After age 25, apparent fecundability of the woman decreases; this is attributable, on the one hand to an increase of the intrauterine mortality and, on the other hand to the declining coital frequency. After age of 35, female fecundity decreases more rapidly, due to changes in female physiology (increased frequency of anovulatory cycles, short luteal phase etc), whereas the normal, age dependent, decrease in coital frequency has little impact on the age pattern of fecundability. As far as the influence of the age pattern on the fecundity of the couple is concerned, it is concluded that the age of the female partner, rather than the age of the husband is the predominant factor determining the fecundability of the couple.     

Variabilité de l’industrie lithique entre les structures de l’habitation no 1 de Mezhyrich,site du Paléolithique supérieur d’Ukraine

The investigation of the lithic assemblages from three archaeological structures of the Upper Palaeolithic Mezhyrich site, mammoth bone dwelling no. 1, nearby located pit no. 7 and workshop with a portion of cultural layer situated on the border of the pit, exhibits a sufficient diversity of the main indexes of flint assemblages. According to the latter, the main flint resources, cores and large pieces of flint, as well as blades and several tools (scrapers), were kept just in the dwelling. At the same time, the remains of “debitage” and the modification products of several tools (burin spalls) are more numerous in the pit and the workshop. The higher percentages of backed microliths, included the forms with diagnostic projectile impact fracture, and burins with several working edges are also observed in the assemblages of the last two archaeological structures.     

Étude cinétique de l'hypersensibilité de type retardé dans la candidose expérimentale de la souris

Mice were inoculated with different quantities of blastospores ofCandida albicans by subcutaneous or intravenous ways. Delayed hypersensitivity was then studied during the course of infection by means of the inhibition of macrophage spreading test. In the same time retrocultures were done from kidney material, target organs in the experimental candidiasis. The results obtained in this way enabled the authors to think that cellular immunity plays a role in this experimental model as described by Mackaness.

Travail de l'Unité 42 de l'INSERM et du Groupe de Mycologie Fondamentale et Appliquée de LILLE.     

Contexte géographique et géologique du site de Kocabaş, Bassin de Denizli,Anatolie, Turquie

The site of Kocaba? is located in the Denizli Basin, in western Anatolia, 400 km southwest of Ankara, 360 km south of Istanbul, 200 km east-southeast of Izmir and 150 km northwest of Antalya. The Denizli Basin depression, at the junction of the Buyuk Menderes and Gediz grabens, which began to form at the beginning of the Miocene, was filled in around the edges, along fault lines, by significant travertine formations, some of which are still active today. The age of the Kocaba? travertines, which yielded the Kocaba? Homo erectus skullcap, was evaluated by thermoluminescence at 828,000 years, by electron spin resonance (ESR) at 1,110,000 years and by the ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be cosmogenic nuclide method to more than 1.22 Ma and less than 1.5 Ma, a date which has been confirmed by magnetostratigraphy and biochronology.     

L’évolution chez les Phyllocerataceae,la variabilité des paramètres dimensionnels et relatifs. Variabilité de la complexité de la ligne cloisonnaire: Variabilité et paedomorphose

Evolution of the Phyllocerataceae, the variability of the dimensional and relative parameters. Variability of the complexity of the suture line. Variability and paedomorphosis. A recent study has shown the importance of heterochronies in the development of Phyllocerataceae. It was attractive to estimate with precision the variability of some morphological characters of the shell and of the suture line in order to study how this variability changed in the course of time (from Jurassic to terminal Cretaceous). This note gives the averages of the calculations of variability in dimensional and relative variables in the shell of Phylloceratidae and variability in the complexity C of their suture lines. Coefficient of variation V is the statistical parameter used here, because it allows the comparison between the dispersions of different populations. This study shows that the variability of the complexity in the suture line and h₁ + h₂ is more fluctuating among the taxa (usually subfamilies, genera and species) in which heterochrony is evident. On the other hand, the variability of other parameters (V₁, V₂, D) first grows and then slowly decreases till the branch or the lineage is extinct. This schema is mostly acceptable down to the Lower Cretaceous-Upper Cretaceous in the Tethys and in the marine shelf of Gondwana. In the family of Neophylloceratidae, very clearly in the Tethys, less clearly in marine shelf of Gondwana (it is less obvious in the genus Phyllopachyceras), the variability grows as far as the terminal Cretaceous. The extinction of this family may result from a catastrophic event and not from internal causes. In short, the decrease of variability comes before the extinction of the taxa and consequently it agrees with a Darwinian classic schema. On the other hand, the extinction of Neophylloceratidae that occurs when the variability is maximal probably takes place in another perspective, an external « catastrophic » event. To cite this article, B. Joly, C.R. Palevol 2 (2003).     

Les faunes coralliennes de l’Oligocène de Malte : biodiversité et paléoenvironnement

The study of the coral biodiversity of the Upper Oligocene sedimentary series (Lower Coralline Limestone, Chattian) of Malta permitted the identification of 25 scleractinian genera represented by 41 species. Three new species are proposed: Miophora naxxarensis n. sp., Nerthastraea maltensis n. sp. and Gyrosmilia maltensis n. sp. Observations made in various Oligocene sites in Malta, especially around Naxxar and Tal Bajjada, allow to establish a suite of coral associations which may vary spatially and vertically. The identified scleractinian associations can be represented by different types of coral assemblages and bioconstructions: isolated colonies, coral beds of varying density but of large spatial extent, more cohesive coral banks (coral carpets) or patch reefs forming morphologies with gentle lateral slopes. The colonial morphologies are closely linked to these different types of bioconstructions. These coral constructions have been established and developed in shallow marine areas. The coral biodiversity of the Oligocene of Malta fits well in the evolution of the Cenozoic reef phenomenon whose development reached its peak in the Oligocene with great coral richness in the Chattian in the Mediterranean area.     

Gentelles-Le Mont de l’Evangile (département de la Somme,France) : un site de plateau occupé de l’Acheuléen au Micoquien

The palaeolithic site of Gentelles (Somme, France) is situated on a chalky plateau unlike most Lower and Middle Palaeolithic sites of the Somme basin, which are related to fluvial environments (alluvial and slope deposits). The archaeological material of the site excavated at Gentelles on several thousand square meters is recovered from the infilling of a dolina. The archaeological sequence is attributed to Late Middle and Upper Pleistocene (MIS 10 to MIS 5). The assignment of the loess infilling the dolina to MIS 6 is supported by ESR/U-Th dates obtained on teeth and the IRSL age of the sediment. All lithic assemblages include bifacial production and debitage with cores showing one or several surfaces of debitage. There is no evidence of Levallois flaking methods, which are very common in many Middle Palaeolithic industries of Northern France. The first steps of the reducing sequences are not present in most lithic assemblages. Some faunal remains (equids, bovids) have been discovered in the loess deposits. In most cases, the function of the site corresponds to short occupations of hunters moving on the plateau. In contrast, the CLG assemblage (MIS 8) which shows many phases of the reducing sequence suggests longer occupations.     

Études stratigraphique,sédimentologique et paléomagnétique des travertins de Kocabaş, Bassin de Denizli,Anatolie, Turquie,contenant des restes fossiles quaternaires

Stratigraphic, sedimentological and paleomagnetic studies were conducted on the travertine from Denizli Basin, near Kocabas village, in the Denizli region in Turkey, following the paleontological discovery in 2002. The stratigraphic and sedimentological studies show at least two main cycles of mass travertine, separated by a fluvial deposit and overlain by a fluvio-lacustrine deposit. These travertines must have formed in environments with strong hydrodynamics (streams or waterfalls) and are preferentially located at breaks of slopes. The paleomagnetic study shows that all the quarry travertine presents reverse magnetic polarity. On the other hand, the detrital fluvio-lacustrine deposit above the travertine presents normal geomagnetic polarity, except at the top, where it is reversed. Given the presence of an archaic Homo erectus skull and Villafranchian paleontological remains in the upper travertine unit, the whole travertine dates from the upper Matuyama, and is more recent than the Olduvai event (1.78 Ma). The normal polarity recorded in the upper fluvio-lacustrine deposit could correspond to the Cobb Mountain excursion, dated to 1.22 Ma.     

Influence de la rhTSH sur la fixation du 18 FDG dans une population de 42 patients avec cancer différencié de la thyroïde suspect de récidive

PurposeThe role of positron emission tomography with 18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG-PET) in case of differentiated thyroid carcinoma recurrence is established. However, the influence of TSH levels on 18 FDG is still discussed. Our study aims at comparing respective performances of FDG-PET performed at low TSH levels and under rhTSH stimulation, when a recurrence of a thyroid carcinoma is suspected.Material and methodsForty-two patients have been included, in a prospective way; each of them has been explored by FDG-PET at low (PET1) and high TSH levels with Thyrogen^® (PET2). The number of hypermetabolic foci, the intensity of uptake, both visual and with Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) have been compared.ResultsPET1: 82 foci were detected, including 75 true positive (TP) and seven false positive (FP). Sensitivity by lesion is 85.23 and 58.6% on a patient basis. Twelve pathological sites, not visualized (false negative) in PET1, were seen under stimulation. PET2: 89 foci were detected, including 87 TP and two FP; two tumoral sites visualized with PET1 are not detected. Sensitivity by lesion is 97.75 and 75.9% on a patient basis. SUV are significantly higher under stimulation. In three patients, therapeutic strategy has been modified, based on PET2 data.ConclusionStimulation by rhTSH improves FDG-PET performances. Therefore, it is justified to resort to it in case of recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, when the usual workup is negative.     

Efficacité et innocuité du prélèvement percutané de sperme testiculaire dans la prise en charge de l’infertilité masculine

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous testicular biopsy to provide sperm cells for ICSI in male patients with azoospermia not amenable to surgical treatment.

Materials and methods

From October 1995 to December 2001, 175 biopsies were performed in men with azoospermia to provide material for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Azoospermia was obstructive (OA) in 41 cases and non-obstructive (NOA) in 134 cases. Open biopsy was performed in the first 15 patients in the series and percutaneous biopsy was performed on an outpatient basis, under local anesthesia, with a Biopty Gun® (14G needle), in the subsequent patients as the first step in management. Open surgical biopsies were performed in another 15 patients following a sperm cell-negative percutaneous biopsy.

Results

All biopsies performed for OA were positive, but only 51/134 biopsies (38%) were positive in the NOA group. The material provided by percutaneous biopsy, when positive for sperm cells, was always sufficient to perform ICSI. When percutaneous biopsy was negative, open surgical biopsy failed to give better results. Five men developed minor complications (acute hematocele) following percutaneous biopsies requiring reoperation for hemostasis (3.12%). No major complications were observed. Results were comparable in terms of fertilization and pregnancy rates whether fresh or frozen-thawed sperm was used.

Conclusion

Percutaneous testicular sperm extraction is a safe, well-tolerated and cost-effective procedure in the management of male-factor infertility related to azoospermia.     

Le débat macroévolutif : apports de la disparité morphologique

The macroevolutionary debate. Several historical as well as more recent aspects of macroevolutionary theory are discussed, in connection with a research program initiated by several working groups over the last ten years: it consists in dividing the taxonomic (diversity) and morphologic (disparity) components of biodiversity when studying its fluctuations through time. Studies have frequently shown a dissociation between the two metrics through the history of clades. Comparing diversity and disparity is a productive approach, which is leading to an exploration of large-scale biodiversity fluctuations in terms of both patterns and processes. To cite this article: P. Neige, C.R. Palevol 2 (2003).     

Activité cytokinine de dérivés acylés,alkylés,acyl-alkylés de l'adénine et d'isost`eres azotés de la γ,γ-diméthylallyladénine

The cytokinin activities of various 6-acylaminopurines, 6-alkylaminopurines, 6-acylamino-9-benzyl-purines as well as a series of isosteric-nitrogen derivatives of N⁶-(γ, γ-dimethylallyl)adenine (I⁶Ade) have been tested using the tobacco pith and the pea bud bioassays. The interactions between active, slightly active and inactive compounds have been studied with the last assay. Acylation decreases the biological activity; e.g., N⁶-benzoyl and N⁶-furoyladenines are less active than Na⁶-benzyladenine and kinetin. Substitution at the 9-position reduces (tobacco-pith assay) or suppresses (pea-bud assay) the phytohormonal activity of otherwise active 6-acylaminopurines. In isosteric derivatives, maximum activity occurs when the side chain has the same length as in 1⁶Ade. After the analysis of interactions between more or less active compounds, it is suggested that the differences in cytokinin activity could be related to unequal affinities for a hypothetical receptor site.     

En France, la majorité des donneurs de spermatozoïdes souhaite le maintien de leur anonymat

So far in France, sperm donor anonymity, which was a fundamental principle and has been twice confirmed in the law in 1994 and 2004, is debated nowadays. In this context, the Cecos wanted to know the donors opinion on anonymity. In 2006, 193 semen donors recruited in 14 Cecos answered anonymously a questionnaire: 73% were in agreement with the principle of anonymity and less than 30% agreed that the future law should change to allow the children to know the donor identity. In case of anonymity disclosure, 60% would give up their sperm donation. The same proportion of donors would accept that non identifying information on them could be given on request to the parents and the child.