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1.
José Rodrigues Coura Pedro Albajar Vi?as Lucia Maria Brum-Soares Andréa Silvestre de Sousa Sérgio Salles Xavier 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(8):1009-1013
A case-control study on the morbidity of Chagas heart disease was carried out in the
municipality of Barcelos in the microregion of the Rio Negro, state of Amazonas. One
hundred and six individuals, who were serologically positive for Trypanosoma
cruzi infection, as confirmed by at least two techniques with different
principles, were matched according to age and sex with an equal number of
seronegative individuals. The cases and controls were evaluated using an
epidemiological questionnaire and clinical, electrocardiograph and echocardiograph
examinations. In the seroepidemiological evaluation, 62% of the interviewees
recognised triatomines and most of them confirmed that they had seen these insects in
the piassava plantations of the riverside communities of the Negro River tributaries.
Of the seropositive patients, 25.8% affirmed that they had been stung by the
triatomines and 11.7% denied having been stung. The principal clinical manifestations
of the seropositive individuals were palpitations, chest pain and dyspnoea upon
effort. Cardiac auscultation revealed extrasystoles, bradycardia and systolic
murmurs. The electrocardiographic alterations were ventricular extrasystoles, left
and right bundle branch block, atrioventricular block and primary T wave alterations.
The echocardiogram was altered in 22.6% of the seropositive individuals and in 8.5%
of the seronegative individuals. 相似文献
2.
Emi Sasagawa Ana Vilma Guevara de Aguilar Marta Alicia Hernández de Ramírez José Eduardo Romero Chévez Jun Nakagawa Rafael Antonio Cedillos Kiyoshi Kita 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(2):256-258
Several parasitological studies carried out in El Salvador between 2000-2012 showed a
higher frequency of acute cases of Chagas disease than that in other Central American
countries. There is an urgent need for improved Chagas disease surveillance and
vector control programs in the provinces where acute Chagas disease occurs and
throughout El Salvador as a whole. 相似文献
3.
Larissa Rodrigues Gomes Paulo Renato Rivas Totino Maria Carmen Arroyo Sanchez Elsa Paula da Silva Kaingona Daniel Cristiana Santos de Macedo Filomeno Fortes José Rodrigues Coura Silvia Maria Di Santi Guilherme Loureiro Werneck Martha Cecilia Suárez-Mutis Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(6):796-800
Anti-glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) antibodies (Abs) may reflect and mediate,
at least partially, anti-disease immunity in malaria by neutralising the toxic
effect of parasitic GPI. Thus, we assessed the anti-GPI Ab response in
asymptomatic individuals living in an area of the Brazilian Amazon that has a
high level of malaria transmission. For comparative purposes, we also
investigated the Ab response to a crude extract prepared from Plasmodium
falciparum, the merozoite surface protein (MSP)3 antigen of
P. falciparum and the MSP 1 antigen of Plasmodium
vivax (PvMSP1-19) in these individuals and in Angolan
patients with acute malaria. Our data suggest that the Ab response against
P. falciparum GPI is not associated with P.
falciparum asymptomatic infection in individuals who have been
chronically exposed to malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. However, this Ab
response could be related to ongoing parasitaemia (as was previously shown) in
the Angolan patients. In addition, our data show that PvMSP1-19may be
a good marker antigen to reflect previous exposure to
Plasmodium in areas that have a high transmission rate of
P. vivax. 相似文献
4.
Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is, together with geohelminths, the
neglected disease that causes more loss of years of healthy life due to disability in
Latin America. Chagas disease, as determined by the factors and determinants, shows
that different contexts require different actions, preventing new cases or reducing
the burden of disease. Control strategies must combine two general courses of action
including prevention of transmission to prevent the occurrence of new cases (these
measures are cost effective), as well as opportune diagnosis and treatment of
infected individuals in order to prevent the clinical evolution of the disease and to
allow them to recuperate their health. All actions should be implemented as fully as
possible and with an integrated way, to maximise the impact. Chagas disease cannot be
eradicated due because of the demonstrated existence of infected wild triatomines in
permanent contact with domestic cycles and it contributes to the occurrence of at
least few new cases. However, it is possible to interrupt the transmission of
Trypanosoma cruzi in a large territory and to eliminate Chagas
disease as a public health problem with a dramatic reduction of burden of the
disease. 相似文献
5.
José Rodrigues Coura Pedro Albajar Vi?as Angela CV Junqueira 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(7):856-862
Chagas disease is maintained in nature through the interchange of three cycles: the
wild, peridomestic and domestic cycles. The wild cycle, which is enzootic, has
existed for millions of years maintained between triatomines and wild mammals. Human
infection was only detected in mummies from 4,000-9,000 years ago, before the
discovery of the disease by Carlos Chagas in 1909. With the beginning of
deforestation in the Americas, two-three centuries ago for the expansion of
agriculture and livestock rearing, wild mammals, which had been the food source for
triatomines, were removed and new food sources started to appear in peridomestic
areas: chicken coops, corrals and pigsties. Some accidental human cases could also
have occurred prior to the triatomines in peridomestic areas. Thus, triatomines
progressively penetrated households and formed the domestic cycle of Chagas disease.
A new epidemiological, economic and social problem has been created through the
globalisation of Chagas disease, due to legal and illegal migration of individuals
infected by Trypanosoma cruzi or presenting Chagas disease in its
varied clinical forms, from endemic countries in Latin America to non-endemic
countries in North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania, particularly to the United
States of America and Spain. The main objective of the present paper was to present a
general view of the interchanges between the wild, peridomestic and domestic cycles
of the disease, the development of T. cruzi among triatomine, their
domiciliation and control initiatives, the characteristics of the disease in
countries in the Americas and the problem of migration to non-endemic countries. 相似文献
6.
José Rodrigues Coura Maurício Humberto Pe?a Marquez Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Guerra Patricia Lago Zauza Julio Cesar Miguel José Borges Pereira 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(7):909-913
The serology of human
Trypanosoma cruzi
infection in the Rio Negro microregion is very complex because of the large numbers of false-positive cases that result from low antibody titres and cross-reactions with other infections. In the present study, we collected 4,880 blood samples on filter paper; of these, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was strongly reactive in 221 (4.5%), which were considered to be positive (IIF strongly reactive; high intensity of fluorescence) and weakly reactive in 302 (6.2%), which were considered to be doubtful (IIF weakly reactive; low intensity of fluorescence). The confirmatory test on the serum using at least two of three techniques (IIF, conventional ELISA and recombinant ELISA) on 137 samples that were positive in the screening test only confirmed 33 cases (24.1%). Of the 178 samples that were considered doubtful in the screening test, only 10 (5.6%) were considered to be positive in the confirmatory test. Finally, we recommend that the serological diagnosis of
T. cruzi
infection in the Amazon region be made using at least two different techniques, for example immunofluorescence and ELISA and confirmed by Western blot analysis when possible. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACT In this article, I focus on the ways in which audiences in the Amazonian community of Gurupá respond to television's interpellation for pan-national identity. I examine how viewers heed, miss, ignore, and resist the call for identity as well as how their various responses to this "call" shape their worldview and behavior and impact the process of nation building. Utilizing audience ethnography over a 25-year period, I show in this study how televisual messages are contextualized and localized, mitigating the forces of nationalistic homogenization. 相似文献
8.
Belkisyolé Alarcón de Noya Zoraida Díaz-Bello Cecilia Colmenares Raiza Ruiz-Guevara Luciano Mauriello Arturo Mu?oz-Calderón Oscar Noya 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(3):377-386
Orally transmitted Chagas disease has become a matter of concern due to outbreaks
reported in four Latin American countries. Although several mechanisms for orally
transmitted Chagas disease transmission have been proposed, food and beverages
contaminated with whole infected triatomines or their faeces, which contain
metacyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, seems to be the
primary vehicle. In 2007, the first recognised outbreak of orally transmitted Chagas
disease occurred in Venezuela and largest recorded outbreak at that time. Since then,
10 outbreaks (four in Caracas) with 249 cases (73.5% children) and 4% mortality have
occurred. The absence of contact with the vector and of traditional cutaneous and
Romana’s signs, together with a florid spectrum of clinical manifestations during the
acute phase, confuse the diagnosis of orally transmitted Chagas disease with other
infectious diseases. The simultaneous detection of IgG and IgM by ELISA and the
search for parasites in all individuals at risk have been valuable diagnostic tools
for detecting acute cases. Follow-up studies regarding the microepidemics primarily
affecting children has resulted in 70% infection persistence six years after
anti-parasitic treatment. Panstrongylus geniculatus has been the
incriminating vector in most cases. As a food-borne disease, this entity requires
epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that differ from
those approaches used for traditional direct or cutaneous vector transmission. 相似文献
9.
Marisa Liliana Fernández Maria Elena Marson Juan Carlos Ramirez Guido Mastrantonio Alejandro Gabriel Schijman Jaime Altcheh Adelina Rosa Riarte Facundo García Bournissen 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2016,111(3):218-221
Pharmacological treatment of Chagas disease with benznidazole (BNZ) is effective in
children in all stages, but it is controversial in chronically infected adults. We
report the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in six adult patients with Chagas
disease treated with the new BNZ formulation (ABARAX®) in doses between
2.5-5.5 mg/Kg/day. All but one patient had plasmatic BNZ concentrations within the
expected range. All patients finalised treatment with nondetectable
Trypanosoma cruziquantitative polymerase chain reaction, which
remained nondetectable at the six month follow-up. Our data suggests parasitological
responses with the new BNZ and supports the hypothesis that treatment protocols with
lower BNZ doses may be effective. 相似文献
10.
Etienne Waleckx Sébastien Gourbière Eric Dumonteil 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(3):324-338
Chagas disease prevention remains mostly based on triatomine vector control to reduce
or eliminate house infestation with these bugs. The level of adaptation of
triatomines to human housing is a key part of vector competence and needs to be
precisely evaluated to allow for the design of effective vector control strategies.
In this review, we examine how the domiciliation/intrusion level of different
triatomine species/populations has been defined and measured and discuss how these
concepts may be improved for a better understanding of their ecology and evolution,
as well as for the design of more effective control strategies against a large
variety of triatomine species. We suggest that a major limitation of current criteria
for classifying triatomines into sylvatic, intrusive, domiciliary and domestic
species is that these are essentially qualitative and do not rely on quantitative
variables measuring population sustainability and fitness in their different
habitats. However, such assessments may be derived from further analysis and
modelling of field data. Such approaches can shed new light on the domiciliation
process of triatomines and may represent a key tool for decision-making and the
design of vector control interventions. 相似文献
11.
da Costa Francez PA Rodrigues EM Frazão GF Dos Reis Borges ND Dos Santos SE 《Genetics and molecular biology》2011,34(1):35-39
The allelic frequencies of 12 short tandem repeat loci were obtained from a sample of 307 unrelated individuals living in Macapá, a city in the northern Amazon region, Brazil. These loci are the most commonly used in forensics and paternity testing. Based on the allele frequency obtained for the population of Macapá, we estimated an interethnic admixture for the three parental groups (European, Native American and African) of, respectively, 46%, 35% and 19%. Comparing these allele frequencies with those of other Brazilian populations and of the Iberian Peninsula population, no significant distances were observed. The interpopulation genetic distances (F(ST) coefficients) to the present database ranged from F(ST) = 0.0016 between Macapá and Belém to F(ST) = 0.0036 between Macapá and the Iberian Peninsula. 相似文献
12.
Kota Yoshioka 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(2):205-211
Chagas disease control requires an innovative approach to strengthen community participation in vector surveillance. This paper presents a case study of a community-based bug-hunting campaign in Guatemala. The campaign was implemented in 2007 in the following three stages: (i) a four week preparation stage to promote bug-hunting, (ii) a one week bug-hunting stage to capture and collect bugs and (iii) a 10 week follow-up stage to analyse the bugs and spray insecticide. A total of 2,845 bugs were reported, of which 7% were Triatominae vectors, such as Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata. The bug-hunting campaign detected a five-six-fold higher amount of vectors in one week than traditional community-based surveillance detects in one year. The bug-hunting campaign effectively detected vectors during a short period, provided information to update the vector infestation map and increased community and political awareness regarding Chagas disease. This approach could be recommended as an effective and feasible strategy to strengthen vector surveillance on a larger scale. 相似文献
13.
J. Stropp B. Umbelino R. A. Correia J. V. Campos-Silva R. J. Ladle A. C. M. Malhado 《Ecography》2020,43(7):979-989
The remarkable biodiversity of the Brazilian Amazon is poorly documented and threatened by deforestation. When undocumented areas become deforested, in addition to losing the fauna and flora, we lose the opportunity to know which unique species had occupied a habitat. Here we quantify such knowledge loss by calculating how much of the Brazilian Amazon has been deforested and will likely be deforested until 2050 without having its tree flora sufficiently documented. To this end, we analysed 399 147 digital specimens of nearly 6000 tree species in relation to official deforestation statistics and future deforestation scenarios. We find that by 2017, 30% of all the localities where tree specimens had been collected were mostly deforested. Some 300 000 km2 (12%; 485 25 × 25 km grid cells) of the Brazilian Amazon had been deforested by 2017, without having a single tree specimen recorded. An additional 250 000–900 000 km2 of severely under-collected rainforest will likely become deforested by 2050. If future tree sampling is to cover this area, sampling effort has to increase two- to six-fold. Nearly 255 000 km2 or 7% of rainforest in the Brazilian Amazon is easily accessible but does yet but remain under-collected. Our study highlights how progressing deforestation increases the risk of losing undocumented species of a hyper-diverse tree flora. 相似文献
14.
Christiane Santos Matos José Eloy dos Santos Júnior Fernanda Alvarenga Cardoso Medeiros Eliana Furtado Jo?o Carlos Pinto Dias 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(3):374-378
Recognising the importance of Chagas disease in Brazil, Bambuí set up epidemiological
surveillance for Chagas disease in 1974 and was the first municipality to do so. To
ascertain the current epidemiology of Chagas disease in this municipality, 1.782
blood samples from the general population were analysed; 7.7% of samples were found
to be seropositive for Chagas disease. A strong positive correlation between
increasing age and Chagas disease was evident in both genders, with the highest
prevalence in individuals aged over 60 years. Clinically, the cardiodigestive form of
Chagas disease was the most common in these samples. These data confirm the
interruption of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission, in parallel with a
still important residual morbidity of Chagas disease in the county, thus supporting
political decisions that will prioritise epidemiological surveillance and medical
treatment of Chagas disease in the coming years. 相似文献
15.
José Rodrigues Coura 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(3):277-282
This review deals with transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi by
the most important domestic vectors, blood transfusion and oral intake. Among the
vectors, Triatoma infestans, Panstrongylus
megistus, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma
dimidiata, Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma
pseudomaculata, Triatoma sordida, Triatoma
maculata, Panstrongylus geniculatus, Rhodnius
ecuadoriensis and Rhodnius pallescens can be highlighted.
Transmission of Chagas infection, which has been brought under control in some
countries in South and Central America, remains a great challenge, particularly
considering that many endemic countries do not have control over blood donors.
Even more concerning is the case of non-endemic countries that receive thousands
of migrants from endemic areas that carry Chagas disease, such as the United
States of America, in North America, Spain, in Europe, Japan, in Asia, and
Australia, in Oceania. In the Brazilian Amazon Region, since Shaw et al. (1969)
described the first acute cases of the disease caused by oral transmission,
hundreds of acute cases of the disease due to oral transmission have been
described in that region, which is today considered to be endemic for oral
transmission. Several other outbreaks of acute Chagas disease by oral transmission
have been described in different states of Brazil and in other South American
countries. 相似文献
16.
Hélène Hiwat 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(4):452-458
Nine species of Triatominae, representing three tribes and five genera, are currently
known in Suriname. An annotated list of the species based on the collections of the
Bureau of Public Health (Suriname), the National Zoological Collection Suriname and
the National History Museum Leiden (the Netherlands) is provided. Additionally, the
results of several years of opportunistic collection in two domestic environments are
presented. The most common species are Rhodnius pictipes Stål,
1972, Rhodnius robustus Larrouse, 1972 and Panstrongylus
geniculatus (Latreille, 1811). The significance of the species as vectors
of Chagas disease in Suriname is discussed. 相似文献
17.
JANET CHERNELA 《American anthropologist》2005,107(4):620-631
The proliferation of a nongovernmental sector held the promise of linking local actors with national and international ones, thereby contributing to a highly participatory, Habermasian ideal in which the formerly marginalized would find greater participation and expression. Yet the role of international agents in community-based resource management projects has recently come under scrutiny. In addressing these issues in this article, I consider the roles of different interlocutors in two contrastive phases in an Amazonian community's movement to preserve its endangered fisheries. The comparative exercise demonstrates how institutional agents, by establishing a discourse that structures the criteria through which collective demands may be problematized, may inadvertently shift from mediation to domination, and from local partnering to local production. 相似文献
18.
Guillermo Moscatelli Ada Berenstein Ana Tarlovsky Susana Siniawski Miguel Biancardi Griselda Ballering Samanta Moroni Marta Schwarcz Susana Hernández Facundo García-Bournissen Andrés Espejo Cozzi Héctor Freilij Jaime Altcheh 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(5):644-648
The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of this disease in
women of childbearing age and children treated at health centres in underserviced
areas of the city of Buenos Aires. Demographic and Chagas disease status data were
collected. Samples for Chagas disease serology were obtained on filter paper and the
reactive results were confirmed with conventional samples. A total of 1,786 subjects
were screened and 73 positive screening results were obtained: 17 were from children
and 56 were from women. The Trypanosoma cruzi infection risk was
greater in those individuals who had relatives with Chagas disease, who remember
seeing kissing bugs, who were of Bolivian nationality or were born in the Argentine
province of Santiago del Estero. The overall prevalence of Chagas disease was 4.08%.
Due to migration, Chagas disease is currently predominantly urban. The observed
prevalence requires health programme activities that are aimed at urban children and
their mothers. Most children were infected congenitally, which reinforces the need
for Chagas disease screening of all pregnant women and their babies in Argentina. The
active search for new cases is important because the appropriate treatment in
children has a high cure rate. 相似文献
19.
Maria-Jesus Pinazo Maria-Carmen Thomas Juan Bustamante Igor Correia de Almeida Manuel-Carlos Lopez Joaquim Gascon 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(3):422-432
The definition of a biomarker provided by the World Health Organization is any
substance, structure, or process that can be measured in the body, or its products
and influence, or predict the incidence or outcome of disease. Currently, the lack of
prognosis and progression markers for chronic Chagas disease has posed limitations
for testing new drugs to treat this neglected disease. Several molecules and
techniques to detect biomarkers in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected
patients have been proposed to assess whether specific treatment with benznidazole or
nifurtimox is effective. Isolated proteins or protein groups from different
T. cruzi stages and parasite-derived glycoproteins and synthetic
neoglycoconjugates have been demonstrated to be useful for this purpose, as have
nucleic acid amplification techniques. The amplification of T. cruzi
DNA using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method is the leading test
for assessing responses to treatment in a short period of time. Biochemical
biomarkers have been tested early after specific treatment. Cytokines and surface
markers represent promising molecules for the characterisation of host cellular
responses, but need to be further assessed. 相似文献
20.
Behavioural alterations are independent of sickness behaviour in chronic
experimental Chagas disease
Glaucia Vilar-Pereira Leonardo Alexandre de Souza Ruivo Joseli Lannes-Vieira 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(8):1042-1050
The existence of the nervous form of Chagas disease is a matter of discussion since
Carlos Chagas described neurological disorders, learning and behavioural alterations
in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals. In most patients, the
clinical manifestations of the acute phase, including neurological abnormalities,
resolve spontaneously without apparent consequence in the chronic phase of infection.
However, chronic Chagas disease patients have behavioural changes such as psychomotor
alterations, attention and memory deficits, and depression. In the present study, we
tested whether or not behavioural alterations are reproducible in experimental
models. We show that C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with the Colombian strain of
T. cruzi (150 days post-infection) exhibit behavioural changes as
(i) depression in the tail suspension and forced swim tests, (ii) anxiety analysed by
elevated plus maze and open field test sand and (iii) motor coordination in the
rotarod test. These alterations are neither associated with neuromuscular disorders
assessed by the grip strength test nor with sickness behaviour analysed by
temperature variation sand weight loss. Therefore, chronically T.
cruzi-infected mice replicate behavioural alterations (depression and
anxiety) detected in Chagas disease patients opening an opportunity to study the
interconnection and the physiopathology of these two biological processes in an
infectious scenario. 相似文献