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1.
Population Dynamics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus</Emphasis> in Sugarcane Cultivars and Its Effect on Plant Growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Different experiments have estimated that the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is largely variable among sugarcane cultivars. Which bacteria are the most important in sugarcane-associated BNF is unknown. However, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has been suggested as a strong candidate responsible for the BNF observed. In the present study, bacteria-free micropropagated plantlets of five sugarcane cultivars were inoculated with three G. diazotrophicus strains belonging to different genotypes. Bacterial colonization was monitored under different nitrogen fertilization levels and at different stages of plant growth. Analysis of the population dynamics of G. diazotrophicus strains in the different sugarcane varieties showed that the bacterial populations decreased drastically in relation to plant age, regardless of the nitrogen fertilization level, bacterial genotype or sugarcane cultivars. However, the persistence of the three strains was significantly longer in some cultivars (e.g., MEX 57-473) than in others (e.g., MY 55-14). In addition, some strains (e.g., PAl 5T) persisted for longer periods in higher numbers than other strains (e.g., PAl 3) inside plants of all the cultivars tested. Indeed, the study showed that the inoculation of G. diazotrophicus may be beneficial for sugarcane plant growth, but this response is dependent both on the G. diazotrophicus genotype and the sugarcane variety. The most positive response to inoculation was observed with the combination of strain PAl 5T and the variety MEX 57-473. Although the positive effect on sugarcane growth apparently occurred by mechanisms other than nitrogen fixation, the results show the importance of the sugarcane variety for the persistence of the plant–bacteria interaction, and it could explain the different rates of BNF estimated among sugarcane cultivars. 相似文献
2.
André L. V. de Carvalho Bruno J. R. Alves Vera L. D. Baldani Veronica M. Reis 《Plant and Soil》2008,302(1-2):71-78
A range of different species of diazotrophic bacteria has been found in tissues and the rhizosphere of oil palm plants, suggesting
a potential to benefit from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). A few studies have confirmed that plantlets at nursery stage
can benefit significantly from BNF after inoculation with Azospirillum spp. but no data are available regarding the benefit from naturally-occurring diazotrophic bacteria in oil palm. The results
described here were derived from two pot trials laid out under controlled conditions with plantlets from two important regions
for palm oil production in Brazil, as well as from different field sites of mature oil palm plantations. The 15N natural abundance technique was employed to estimate plant dependence on BNF (%Ndfa) by the different ecotypes grown in
soil and previously characterized as hosting diazotrophic bacteria. From both pot trials it was possible to identify some
ecotypes of high potential for N2-fixation that reached in some cases approximately 50%Ndfa. However, the accuracy of measurement still needs to be improved
using more suitable reference plants for pot experiments. Values of δ
15N signals from oil palm and reference plants in the field were inconclusive concerning any benefit from BNF to oil palm, owing
to apparently high temporal and spatial variability of δ
15N of the plant-available N in the heterogeneous soil matrix for the different palm and reference plant tested. 相似文献
3.
Bueno dos Reis Junior Fábio Massena Reis Veronica Urquiaga Segundo Döbereiner Johanna 《Plant and Soil》2000,219(1-2):153-159
We report studies on the possible effects of fertilisation with high level of N (300 kg of N ha-1) on the occurrence and numbers of the diazotrophic bacteria Herbaspirillum spp. and Acetobacter diazotrophicusin sugar cane plants. In the sugar cane genotype SP79-2312, the N fertilised plants generally showed higher concentrations of this element. These same plants also had lower numbers of A. diazotrophicus, while the population of Herbaspirillum spp. was not affected by N application. These differences in the concentration of N and the numbers of A. diazotrophicus due to N application were not shown in the variety SP70-1143. The numbers of A. diazotrophicus were also shown to be influenced by the harvest time, becoming reduced in the harvests that coincided with dry periods of the year. 相似文献
4.
5.
Lery LM Hemerly AS Nogueira EM von Krüger WM Bisch PM 《Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI》2011,24(5):562-576
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a plant-growth-promoting bacterium that colonizes sugarcane. In order to investigate molecular aspects of the G. diazotrophicus-sugarcane interaction, we performed a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis by (15)N metabolic labeling of bacteria, root samples, and co-cultures. Overall, more than 400 proteins were analyzed and 78 were differentially expressed between the plant-bacterium interaction model and control cultures. A comparative analysis of the G. diazotrophicus in interaction with two distinct genotypes of sugarcane, SP70-1143 and Chunee, revealed proteins with fundamental roles in cellular recognition. G. diazotrophicus presented proteins involved in adaptation to atypical conditions and signaling systems during the interaction with both genotypes. However, SP70-1143 and Chunee, sugarcane genotypes with high and low contribution of biological nitrogen fixation, showed divergent responses in contact with G. diazotrophicus. The SP70-1143 genotype overexpressed proteins from signaling cascades and one from a lipid metabolism pathway, whereas Chunee differentially synthesized proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and protein degradation pathways. In addition, we have identified 30 bacterial proteins in the roots of the plant samples; from those, nine were specifically induced by plant signals. This is the first quantitative proteomic analysis of a bacterium-plant interaction, which generated insights into early signaling of the G. diazotrophicus-sugarcane interaction. 相似文献
6.
Summary Biological nitrogen fixation is the most important process in which some prokaryotic organisms fix N2 into ammonium. From an agricultural standpoint, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is critical because industrial production
of nitrogen fertilizers seldom meets agricultural demands. To increase the BNF is one of the main challenges for the future.
There are different possibilities for extending biological nitrogen fixation to the economically important plants. One of
the possibilities is to create new artificial systems between diazotrophic bacteria and different higher plants. This is the
main topic of the present review article which discusses the establishment of new associative and/or symbiotic systems, via
introduction of diazotrophic bacteria into the roots by different methods; and incorporation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in
the entire plant by in vitro methods, through the establishment of intracellular endosymbioses via induced uptake of bacteria by plant protoplasts (endocytobiosis),
and establishment of intercellular associations by forced introduction of bacteria into the plant tissues (exocytobiosis).
The common characteristic of the methods to create artificial plant-microbe systems for atmospheric nitrogen fixation is the
use of in vitro plant systems: cells, tissues and organ cultures. The review pays particular attention to new bacterial inoculation procedures
for introduction of the diazotrophic bacteria inside the plant tissues. 相似文献
7.
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in sugarcane is considered one of the principal reasons for the success of the Brazilian
Ethanol Program (PRO-ALCOOL) for motor car fuel. The BNF influences positively the energy balance of sugarcane crops for alcohol
production. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with sugarcane, and is particularly abundant and active in the early stages after
germination. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of increasing amounts of two sources of
mineral nitrogen (ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate) on the population of G. diazotrophicus and also to evaluate its effect on nitrogenase (acetylene reduction) activity and accumulation of N by two sugarcane hybrids,
SP 701143 and SP 792312. The results showed that both varieties differed in the form of nitrogen they prefer to uptake from
the soil. The variety SP 701143 preferred ammonium sulphate, whilst the variety SP 792312 preferred N from calcium nitrate.
In both varieties, the addition of increased doses of ammonium and nitrate inhibited the population of G. diazotrophicus but in the variety SP 701143 the inhibition was more pronounced in the presence of calcium nitrate. The acetylene reduction
activity was inhibited in both varieties, especially in variety SP 792312 in the presence of either of the two nitrogen sources. 相似文献
8.
Biological nitrogen fixation associated with sugar cane and rice: Contributions and prospects for improvement 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13
R. M. Boddey O. C. de Oliveira S. Urquiaga V. M. Reis F. L. de Olivares V. L. D. Baldani J. Döbereiner 《Plant and Soil》1995,174(1-2):195-209
15N isotope and N balance studies performed over the last few years have shown that several Brazilian varieties of sugarcane are capable of obtaining over 60% of their nitrogen (<150 kg N ha-1 year-1) from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). This may be due to the fact that this crop in Brazil has been systematically bred for high yields with low fertilizer N inputs. In the case of wetland rice, N balance experiments performed both in the field and in pots suggest that 30 to 60 N ha-1 crop-1 may be obtained from plant-associated BNF and that different varieties have different capacities to obtain N from this source. 15N2 incorporation studies have proved that wetland rice can obtain at least some N from BNF and acetylene reduction (AR) assays also indicate differences in N2-fixing ability between different rice varieties. However in situ AR field estimates suggest plant-associated BNF inputs to be less than 8 kg N ha-1 crop-1. The problems associated with the use of the 15N dilution technique for BNF quantification are discussed and illustrated with data from a recent study performed at EMBRAPA-CNPAB. Although many species of diazotrophs have been isolated from the rhizosphere of both sugarcane and wetland rice, the recent discovery of endophytic N2-fixing bacteria within roots, shoots and leaves of both crops suggests, at least in the case of sugarcane, that these bacteria may be the most important contributors to the observed BNF contributions. In sugarcane both Acetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum spp. have been found within roots and aerial tissues and these microorganisms, unlike Azospirillum spp. and other rhizospheric diazotrophs, have been shown to survive poorly in soil. Herbaspirillum spp. are found in many graminaceous crops, including rice (in roots and aerial tissue), and are able to survive and pass from crop to crop in the seeds. The physiology, ecology and infection of plants by these endophytes are fully discussed in this paper. The sugarcane/endophytic diazotroph association is the first efficient N2-fixing system to be discovered associated with any member of the gramineae. As yet the individual roles of the different diazotrophs in this system have not been elucidated and far more work on the physiology and anatomy of this system is required. However, the understanding gained in these studies should serve as a foundation for the improvement/development of similar N2-fixing systems in wetland rice and other cereal crops. 相似文献
9.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation is not a Major Contributor to the Nitrogen Demand of a Commercially Grown South African Sugarcane Cultivar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It has previously been reported that endophytic diazotrophic bacteria contribute significantly to the nitrogen budgets of
some graminaceous species. In this study the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation to the N-budget of a South African
sugarcane cultivar was evaluated using 15N natural abundance, acetylene reduction and 15N incorporation. Plants were also screened for the presence of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria using acetylene reduction
and nifH-gene targeted PCR with the pure bacterial strains. 15N natural abundance studies on field-grown sugarcane indicated that the plants did not rely extensively on biological nitrogen
fixation. Furthermore, no evidence was found for significant N2-fixation or nitrogenase activity in field-grown or glasshouse-grown plants using 15N incorporation measurements and acetylene reduction assays. Seven endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from glasshouse-grown
and field-grown plants and cultured on N-free medium. The diazotrophic character of these seven strains could not be confirmed
using acetylene reduction and PCR screening for nifH. Thus, although biological nitrogen fixation may occur in South African sugarcane varieties, the contribution of this N-source
in the tested cultivar was not significant. 相似文献
10.
C. D. Medeiros M. T. Oliveira R. Rivas J. I. Baldani E. A. Kido M. G. Santos 《Photosynthetica》2012,50(4):519-528
The aim of this study was to characterize the key physiological aspects of three sugarcane cultivars (RB92579, RB867515 and RB872552) under biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Plants were generated in tubes containing aseptic substrates and these plants were transferred to pots containing washed sand, but watered with a mineral fertilizer, and inoculated with a mixture of five diazotrophic bacteria three times at seven-day intervals. Under BNF, all of the cultivars contained half of their total leaf nitrogen content and 50% less shoot dry mass. The leaves of plants under BNF showed approximately 65% less of the total protein content (TP). The gas-exchange control plants had twice the CO2 assimilation rates than the BNF plants. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was increased in all cultivars under BNF when compared with the control; thus, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was also increased in these plants. The results of this study indicate that after acclimatization, the inoculation of young plants from tissue culture with diazotrophic bacteria could supply approximately 50% of their nitrogen requirement. 相似文献
11.
Colonization of micropropagated sugarcane plants by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum sp. was confirmed by a dot-immunoblot assay. In all, a 45-day short-term and 180-day long-term experiments conducted on micropropagated sugarcane plants of Co 86032, a sugar rich popular variety in South India, indicated the usefulness of these diazotrophs as plant growth promoting bacteria. Co-inoculation of these two bacteria enhanced the biomass considerably under N-limited condition in the short duration experiment. In the long-term experiment, the establishment of inoculated Herbaspirillum sp. remained stable with the age of the crop up to 180 days, while there was a reduction in population of G. diazotrophicus for the same period. The total bio-mass and leaf N were higher in plants inoculated with G. diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum sp. without N fertilization and also in plants with 50% of the recommended N (140 kg ha(-1)) than the plants fertilized with recommended dose of inorganic N (280 kg ha(-1)). This experiment showed that inoculation with these bacteria in sugarcane variety Co 86032 could mitigate fertilizer N application considerably in sugarcane cultivation. 相似文献
12.
Luiz Fernando W. Roesch Fabio L. Olivares Luciane M. Pereira Passaglia Pedro Alberto Selbach Enilson L. Saccol de Sá Flávio A. Oliveira de Camargo 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(9):967-974
Summary The population size of diazotrophic bacteria naturally associated with the maize rhizosphere can be affected by biotic and environmental factors. In this work we have evaluated the effect of two genotypes of maize, with and without nitrogen fertilization, on the population dynamics and distribution of diazotrophic bacteria associated with maize plants over different plant ontogenic stages. The study was carried out in a field experiment with and without nitrogen fertilization, using two maize cultivars (Santa Helena 8447 and Santa Rosa 3063) previously selected from 32 maize cultivars for the lowest and highest response to nitrogen fertilization, respectively. Microbiological and molecular approaches were used to characterize the diazotrophic bacterial population structure. Bacterial population was assessed by the most probable number using semi-solid N-free media, and by DNA isolation from soil and plant tissue followed by amplification of nifH gene fragments using nested PCR, and by RFLP analysis using the restriction endonucleases TaqI and HaeIII. The dynamics of the diazotrophic bacterial population were affected by the ontogenic stage of the maize plants, but not by the cultivar type. Roots were the preferred site of colonization, independent of cultivar type and growth stage. During the first stage of maize growth, addition of nitrogen fertilizer negatively affected the diazotrophic bacterial population. 相似文献
13.
Drought Tolerance Conferred to Sugarcane by Association with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus: A Transcriptomic View of Hormone Pathways 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lívia Vargas Ailton B. Santa Brígida José P. Mota Filho Thais G. de Carvalho Cristian A. Rojas Dries Vaneechoutte Michiel Van Bel Laurent Farrinelli Paulo C. G. Ferreira Klaas Vandepoele Adriana S. Hemerly 《PloS one》2014,9(12)
14.
Endophytic nitrogen fixation in sugarcane: present knowledge and future applications 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17
Boddey Robert M. Urquiaga Segundo Alves Bruno J.R. Reis Veronica 《Plant and Soil》2003,252(1):139-149
In Brazil the long-term continuous cultivation of sugarcane with low N fertiliser inputs, without apparent depletion of soil-N reserves, led to the suggestion that N2-fixing bacteria associated with the plants may be the source of agronomically significant N inputs to this crop. From the 1950s to 1970s, considerable numbers of N2-fixing bacteria were found to be associated with the crop, but it was not until the late 1980s that evidence from N balance and 15N dilution experiments showed that some Brazilian varieties of sugarcane were able to obtain significant contributions from this source. The results of these studies renewed the efforts to search for N2-fixing bacteria, but this time the emphasis was on those diazotrophs that infected the interior of the plants. Within a few years several species of such `endophytic diazotrophs' were discovered including Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, H. rubrisubalbicansand Burkholderia sp. Work has continued on these endophytes within sugarcane plants, but to date little success has been attained in elucidating which endophyte is responsible for the observed BNF and in what site, or sites, within the cane plants the N2 fixation mainly occurs. Until such important questions are answered further developments or extension of this novel N2-fixing system to other economically important non-legumes (e.g. cereals) will be seriously hindered. As far as application of present knowledge to maximise BNF with sugarcane is concerned, molybdenum is an essential micronutrient. An abundant water supply favours high BNF inputs, and the best medium term strategy to increase BNF would appear to be based on cultivar selection on irrigated N deficient soils fertilised with Mo. 相似文献
15.
Foliar Iron Fertilization of Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch): Effects of Iron Compounds, Surfactants and Other Adjuvants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Victoria Fernández Victor Del Río Javier Abadía Anunciación Abadía 《Plant and Soil》2006,280(1-2):239-252
During a survey of nitrogen-fixing Burkholderia associated with sugarcane in Tamil Nadu, some endophytes were isolated on PCAT medium. Isolation was based on the use of
the selective PCAT medium. Four isolates were studied, all belonging to the genus Burkholderia. One of them, MG43 was consistently more active in reducing acetylene and was identified as Burkholderia vietnamiensis. This isolate was used to inoculate micro-propagated sugarcane plantlets in a comparison with two other diazoptrophs, viz.
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicusT and Herbaspirillum seropedicaeT. Inoculated plants and uninoculated controls were used in a pot experiment followed by two field experiments under different
rates of nitrogen fertilisers. MG43 and G. diazotrophicus performed best in sugarcane, their natural host. Biomass increase due to MG43 inoculation reached 20% in the field. Inoculated
plants were heavily colonised by the inoculated bacterium (up to 115,000 CFU g−1 root fresh weight). Inoculation by a combinaison of the three strains performed less well than inoculation by a single MG43
suspension. Ecological implications are discussed, as well as the potential of these bacteria to provide a feasible alternative
to higher N fertilisers rates in a low input and long term sustainable rural economy. 相似文献
16.
Biological Dinitrogen Fixation in Gramineae and Palm Trees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in the Gramineae family has been well documented, but a complete understanding of this issue is needed to turn the research into a practical approach. The literature has a long and diverse list of diazotrophic bacteria found colonizing several plant tissues, such as roots, stems, leaves, and trash as well as the rhizosphere. However, only a limited amount of research has focussed on existing associations of N2-fixing microorganisms with grasses or cereal, especially for BNF inputs and ecological studies under field conditions. The recent discovery of the endophytic diazotroph bacteria such as Acetobacter diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum spp. and Azoarcus spp. colonizing the interior of sugarcane, rice, Kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth), respectively, and other species of grasses as well as cereals has led to a considerable interest in exploring these novel associations. There is a general consensus that plant genotype is a key factor to higher contributions of BNF together with the selection of more efficient bacterial strains. This review summarizes the present data on this field and introduces the discovery of a new group of diazotrophic bacteria colonizing palm trees and therefore opening a future perspective for using these plants, especially African oil palm, to replace diesel as a fuel. 相似文献
17.
Woo-Jong Yim Selvaraj Poonguzhali Munusamy Madhaiyan Pitchai Palaniappan M. A. Siddikee Tongmin Sa 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2009,47(2):147-155
Diazotrophic bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of Chinese cabbage were assessed for other plant growth promoting characteristics
viz., production of IAA, ethylene, ACC deaminase, phosphate solubilization, and gnotobiotic root elongation. Their effect on inoculation
to Chinese cabbage was also observed under growth chamber conditions. A total of 19 strains that showed higher nitrogenase
activity identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were found to be the members of the genera Pseudomonas and Agrobacterium belonging to α- and γ-Proteobacteria groups. These strains were also efficient in producing IAA and ACC deaminase though they produced low levels of ethylene
and no phosphate solubilization. In addition, inoculation of selected diazotrophic bacterial strains significantly increased
seedling length, dry weight, and total nitrogen when compared to uninoculated control. The colonization of crop plants by
diazotrophic bacteria can be affected by many biotic and abiotic factors, and further studies are oriented towards investigating
the factors that could influence the establishment of a selected bacterial community. 相似文献
18.
19.
Muthukumarasamy R Kang UG Park KD Jeon WT Park CY Cho YS Kwon SW Song J Roh DH Revathi G 《Journal of applied microbiology》2007,102(4):981-991
AIM: This study has been aimed (i) to isolate and identify diazotrophs from Korean rice varieties; (ii) to examine the long-term effect of N and compost on the population dynamics of diazotrophs and (iii) to realize the shot-term inoculation effect of these diazotrophs on rice seedlings. METHODS AND RESULTS: Diazotrophic and heterotrophic bacterial numbers were enumerated by most probable number method and the isolates were identified based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16s rDNA sequence analysis. Long-term application of fertilizer N with compost enhanced both these numbers in rice plants and its environment. Bacteria were high in numbers when malate and azelaic acids were used as carbon source, but less when sucrose was used as a carbon substrate. The combined application promoted the association of diazotrophic bacteria like Azospirillum spp., Herbaspirillum spp., Burkholderia spp., Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Pseudomonas spp. in wetland rice plants. Detection of nifD genes from different diazotrophic isolates indicated their nitrogen fixing ability. Inoculation of a representative isolate from each group onto rice seedlings of the variety IR 36 grown in test tubes indicated the positive effect of these diazotrophs on the growth of rice seedlings though the percentage of N present in the plants did not differ much. CONCLUSIONS: Application of compost with fertilizer N promoted the diazotrophic and heterotrophic bacterial numbers and their association with wetland rice and its environment. Compost application in high N fertilized fields would avert the reduction of N(2)-fixing bacterial numbers and their association was beneficial to the growth of rice plants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The inhibitory effect of high N fertilization on diazotrophic bacterial numbers could be reduced by the application of compost and this observation would encourage more usage of organic manure. This study has also thrown light on the wider geographic distribution of G. diazotrophicus with wetland rice in temperate region where sugarcane (from which this bacterium was first reported to be associating and thereon from other plant species) is not cultivated. 相似文献
20.
Cecilia Taulé Cintia Mareque Claudia Barlocco Fernando Hackembruch Veronica M. Reis Margarita Sicardi Federico Battistoni 《Plant and Soil》2012,356(1-2):35-49