沱江宽体沙鳅个体生殖力的研究

2010年5～9月从长江支流沱江收集性成熟宽体沙鳅个体,研究了其个体生殖力及其与多项生物学指标的关系。实验鱼共76尾,由2+、3、4龄鱼组成。其绝对生殖力(F)为414～9625粒,平均3230粒;体长相对生殖力(FL)为50～837粒/cm,平均324粒/cm;体重相对生殖力(FW)为21～789粒/g,平均227粒/g;绝对生殖力、体长相对生殖力和体重相对生殖力与成熟系数呈幂函数相关,回归方程为:F=177.99GSI0.9872,FL=20.315GSI0.9592,FW=13.957GSI0.9542;绝对生殖力和体长相对生殖力与体重呈幂函数相关,回归方程为:F=9.4876M1.9425,FL=2.2684M1.6597。     

广东北江马口鱼个体生殖力研究

于2009年3、4月,从北江中随机采集成熟度为Ⅳ期的马口鱼雌性个体55尾,测量体长(L)、体重(W)、净体重(Wn)和性腺重(Wo)等形态学指标,并用鳞片鉴定年龄,用重量法计数绝对生殖力(F),计算出体长相对生殖力(FL)、体重相对生殖力(FW)、成熟系数(GSI)和丰满度(K),并用5种数学模型及多元逐步回归方程拟合了马口鱼绝对生殖力与生物学指标的关系.结果表明,用于统计生殖力的马口鱼样本由1+～3+龄3个龄组组成;绝对生殖力在1486.29～12 025.78粒之间,平均为4842.42粒;体长相对生殖力在163.33～856.27粒/cm之间,平均为437.30粒/cm;体重相对生殖力在99.77～470.27粒/g之间,平均为207.29粒/g.绝对生殖力与体长、体重、净体重、性腺重、年龄呈抛物线相关,与成熟系数呈幂函数相关,与丰满度的关系不显著.多元逐步回归分析表明,绝对生殖力与体重和成熟系数密切相关,相关式为:F=-312.129+137.765W+108.715GSI(R2=0.719,n=55,F=57.089, P<0.001).     

袁河花个体繁殖力研究

对采自江西省袁河的68尾花个体繁殖力及其与生物学指标的关系进行了研究。结果表明,体长在11.0～28.5cm、体重在27.3～418g的个体,绝对繁殖力(F)为540～47477.06粒,相对体长繁殖力(FL)和相对体重繁殖力(FW)分别为31.40～1683.96粒/cm、5.82～249.17粒/g,F、FL与年龄、体长、体重、体长×体重、净体重、卵巢重和成熟系数显著相关,FW与卵巢重和成熟系数显著相关;个体绝对生殖力与各指标逐步回归方程为:F=20062.53+604.307Wg+244.982W-1365.731L-134.223W0-4183.265K(R2=0.935,n=68),经卵径分布频数图初步推断,袁河花为一次产卵鱼。     

徐家河水库翘嘴鲌的个体生殖力

2008年4-6月,在徐家河水库采集性成熟翘嘴鲌雌鱼,取鳞片鉴定年龄(A),测量其体长(L)、体质量(M)和性腺质量(M_o)等形态指标,用称量法计数个体绝对生殖力(F),据此计算体长相对生殖力(F_L)、体质量相对生殖力(F_M)、成熟系数（GSI）和肥满度(CF)等指标,对徐家河水库翘嘴鲌个体生殖力与形态指标的关系进行了分析.结果表明：调查样本由2⁺～5⁺龄组成,个体绝对生殖力与体长、体质量和年龄分别呈幂函数、幂函数和直线相关,体长相对生殖力与体长、体质量和年龄也分别呈幂函数、幂函数和直线相关,而体质量相对生殖力与各形态指标的相关性不显著.多元逐步回归分析结果表明,研究区翘嘴鲌个体绝对生殖力与体质量和性腺质量密切相关,体长相对生殖力与性腺质量、肥满度和成熟系数密切相关,而体质量相对生殖力仅与成熟系数相关.     

长江口脊尾白虾繁殖生物学

2014年11月至2015年10月对长江口脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)繁殖生物学进行了研究。结果表明:长江口脊尾白虾体长在25~75 mm,优势体长范围为35~55mm,平均体长(48±9)mm;周年间月性比变化介于0.89~1.63,年平均性比为1.12±0.22,卡方检验雌雄数量差异不显著;长江口脊尾白虾繁殖期在3—10月,繁殖高峰期在5—8月;5—6月繁殖群体以越年虾为主,7月繁殖群体以当年虾为主;个体绝对生殖力(F)在660~8000粒,与体长(L)呈直线相关,F=68.86L-2072(R2=0.498);个体绝对生殖力与体重(W)也呈直线相关,F=318.5W+267.0(R~2=0.504)。     

绥芬河大麻哈鱼个体生物学研究

研究以2012至2017年在绥芬河东宁段采集的447尾大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum)为材料,对其年龄与生长及繁殖特性等个体生物学特征进行研究分析。结果表明:绥芬河大麻哈鱼种群由1~+-5~+龄5个年龄组构成,其中雌性个体以3~+龄为主,雄性个体以2~+龄为主。大麻哈鱼雌、雄个体的体长-体重关系分别为:W=0.0082×L~(3.0604);W=0.0076×L~(3.0746),均属匀速生长类型;采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合得到3~+龄大麻哈鱼雌、雄个体的叉长生长方程分别为:L_(t,F)=141.64×e~(-0.11)·(t+1.55));L_(t,M)=119.51×e~(-0.13·(t+1.45))。利用逻辑斯蒂方程估算大麻哈鱼雌、雄个体初次性成熟叉长(L_(50))分别为51.53和42.15 cm。ARSS分析显示雌、雄个体的L_(50)差异显著;大麻哈鱼的绝对繁殖力(F)、相对叉长繁殖力(F_L)和相对体重繁殖力(F_W)分别为3412粒、52.42粒/cm和1.17粒/g;F与叉长、体重、性腺重呈显著正相关关系,GSI与叉长、体重、F成显著负相关关系;F与叉长、体重的幂函数关系方程式分别为:F=0.0311×L~(2.7745)(R~2=0.638)和F=1.946×W~(0.9374)(R~2=0.704)。本研究为绥芬河大麻哈鱼资源保护工作提供基础资料。     

西藏浪错兰格湖裸鲤种群繁殖生物学特征

2017年7月至2018年6月,于西藏自治区昂仁县浪错采集兰格湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris chui)307尾,开展种群繁殖生物学研究。结果显示,浪错兰格湖裸鲤在3～5月性成熟系数较高。雌性最小性成熟个体年龄为7龄,体长217mm,体重122.68g,成熟系数为3.92%;雄性最小性成熟个体年龄为6龄,体长198 mm,体重91.93 g,成熟系数为3.34%。其平均成熟卵径为2.18 mm,卵径分布为单峰型。绝对繁殖力为862～8 933粒/尾,平均绝对繁殖力为(2 885±2 765)粒,相对繁殖力为7～43粒/g,平均相对繁殖力为(15±11)粒/g。绝对繁殖力与体长和体重呈显著正相关,相对繁殖力与体长、体重的相关性不显著。繁殖群体性比(♀︰♂)为1︰0.967,符合1︰1比例。     

足木足河黄石爬■个体生殖力研究

2012年7月和2013年6月于大渡河流域足木足河日部-足木足段采集黄石爬鮡Euchiloglanis kishinouyei,研究性腺Ⅳ期雌性个体生殖力及其与多项形态学指标的关系。结果显示:黄石爬鮡为一次性产卵鱼类,产卵群体以5~8龄鱼为主;个体绝对生殖力247.77粒±81.37粒,体长相对生殖力17.75粒/cm±5.34粒/cm,体质量相对生殖力6.59粒/g±1.99粒/g,繁殖策略属于典型的K对策者;绝对生殖力、体长相对生殖力和体质量相对生殖力均与成熟系数相关性显著,绝对生殖力与体长、体质量相对生殖力与净体质量和肥满度相关性较显著,可根据成熟系数、体长和体质量预测其种群繁殖能力,进而了解其种群的动态变化。     

四川辖曼自然保护区硬刺高原鳅生物学研究

对四川若尔盖辖曼自然保区220尾硬刺高原鳅的生物学进行了研究。硬刺高原鳅体长22.56～98.56mm,体重0.12～13.98g;体重与体长呈显著的幂函数关系:W=0.0095L3.2033(r=0.9956)。Fulton肥满度雌体平均为1.35,雄体平均为1.37;Clark肥满度雌体平均为1.03,雄体平均为1.05。雄性成熟个体最小体长为74.61mm,体重为5.79g。雌性成熟个体最小体长为71.06mm,体重为5.20g。平均绝对怀卵量5175粒/尾。食性主要为摇蚊幼虫,其次是藻类和维管植物。     

高体近红鲌的生长与繁殖

高体近红鲌为长江上游的特有鱼类,以2008年5—11月从赤水河赤水市江段采集的540尾高体近红鲌标本为材料,对其生长与繁殖特性进行了研究和分析。结果表明:高体近红鲌鳞片年轮结构呈疏密切割型,年龄特征显著。种群由1—4龄共4个年龄组组成,其中以2龄个体为主。体长分布主要集中在100—160 mm;体重分布主要集中在20.0—50.0 g。总性比为♀∶♂=1.30∶1。体长与鳞径呈直线关系,体长和体重呈幂函数关系且幂指数接近3,基本符合匀速生长类型,体长和体重Von Bertalanffy方程分别为Lt=217.38(1-e-0.2867(t+0.757))和Wt=118.151-e-0.2867(t+0.757)2.8103;生长拐点为2.85龄,拐点对应的体长和体重分别为Lt=140.09 mm,Wt=34.37 g。雌雄初次性成熟年龄均为1龄;繁殖高峰期为6—7月。Ⅳ期雌鱼的绝对繁殖力为950—8655粒,平均值(3087.90±1602.15)粒;体长相对繁殖力FL为10.00—56.20粒/cm,平均值(24.26±10.16)粒/cm;体重相对怀卵量FW为66.08—197.67粒/g,平均值(116.49±32.05)粒/g;卵径频率分布显示高体近红鲌为一次产卵类型。       

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.