Composition and Chemical Variability of the Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Cladanthus scariosus,an Endemic Species to the Moroccan High Atlas

Cladanthus scariosus (Ball) Oberpr. & Vogt is endemic to Moroccan High Atlas. It is known under the vernacular names Irezghi or Irezgui. Three essential oil samples have been isolated from aerial parts and analyzed by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques [gas chromatography (GC) in combination with retention indices (RI), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy]. The compositions of oil samples were dominated by monoterpenes: α-pinene sabinene, and terpinen-4-ol. Chamazulene and dihydrochamazulene isomers as well as various hemiterpene esters and analogs have been identified. To evidence a chemical variability, statistical analysis performed on 13 oil sample compositions allowed partitioning into three groups, mainly differentiated by their contents of sabinene, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, and germacrene D.     

Structural and Stereochemical Studies of Hydroxyanthraquinone Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Coniothyrium sp

Four known hydroxyanthraquinones ( 1–4 ) together with four new derivatives having a tetralone moiety, namely coniothyrinones A–D ( 5–8 ), were isolated from the culture of Coniothyrium sp., an endophytic fungus isolated from Salsola oppostifolia from Gomera in the Canary Islands. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. The absolute configurations of coniothyrinones A ( 5 ), B ( 6 ), and D ( 8 ) were determined by TDDFT calculations of CD spectra, allowing the determination of the absolute configuration of coniothyrinone C ( 7 ) as well. Coniothyrinones A ( 5 ), B ( 6 ), and D ( 8 ) could be used as ECD reference compounds in the determination of absolute configuration for related tetralone derivatives. This is the first report of anthraquinones and derivatives from an isolate of the genus Coniothyrium sp. These compounds showed inhibitory effects against the fungus Microbotryum violaceum, the alga Chlorella fusca, and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium. Chirality 25:141–148, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Isolation,Stereochemical Study,and Cytotoxic Activity of Isobenzofuran Derivatives From a Marine Streptomyces sp.

A new 1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran derivative ( 1 ), together with its epimer ( 2 ), was isolated from marine Streptomyces sp. W007. The structure of the two compounds was established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by a combination of experimental and computational means, including J‐coupling analysis and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and optical rotation (OR) calculations. Compound 1 had no cytotoxicity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, while compound 2 exhibited weak activity, suggesting that the biological activity depends on the configuration of a single chirality center. Chirality 27:82–87, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Hispanane‐Type Diterpenoid and Secoiridoid Glucosides from Viburnum cylindricum

Three hitherto unknown compounds, including one new hispanane‐type diterpenoid glucoside, namely viburnumoside ( 1 ), two new secoiridoid glucosides, 7α‐galloyloxysweroside ( 2 ), and 7β‐galloyloxysweroside ( 3 ), together with ten known compounds ( 4 – 13 ) were isolated from the ethanol extract of twigs and leaves of Viburnum cylindricum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was confirmed by the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data.     

Polycyclic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Alstonia rostrata and their reticulate derivation

Five new alkaloids together with 20 known ones were isolated from Alstonia rostrata, and identified on the base of NMR, MS, UV and IR spectroscopic data. Additionally, alstrostine G (1) possessed an unprecedented 6/5/6/6/5/6-ring system. The analysis of those alkaloids’ biosynthetic pathway partly indicated their reticulate metabolic relationship. The research result disclosed diverse biogenesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Alstonia rostrata speciesin combination with previous reported alstrostine A.     

Absolute configuration of fusarone, a new azaphilone from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. isolated from Melia azedarach, and of related azaphilones

A new azaphilone derivative, named fusarone (1), has been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble extract of the fermentation broth of an endophytic fungus, Fusarium sp. LN-12, isolated from the leaves of Melia azedarach Linn. The structure of the new compound was established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR ((1) H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) experiments. The absolute configurations of fusarone (1) and of a second related azaphilone were determined by means of electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy and optical rotation calculations.     

Verticase： a Fibrinolytic Enzyme Produced by Verticillium sp, Tj33, an Endophyte of Trachelospermum jasminoides

Plant endophytes are among the most important resources of biologically active metabolites. Twenty-three endophyte strains residing in Trachelospermum jasminoides were cultivated in vitro with the cultures assayed for the fibrinolytic substance production. As a result, the culture of VerticUlium sp. Tj33 was shown to be the most active. A fibrinolytic enzyme designated as verticase was subsequently purified from the supernatant of Verticillium sp. culture broth by a combination of DEAE-52, Sephadex G-75 and hydrophobic column chromatographies. Verticase, with its molecular mass of 31 kDa and pl of 8.5, was demonstrated to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl suIfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. Verticase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes fibrin directly without activation of plaminogen. It was stable in a broad pH range from 4 through to 11 with the optimal reaction pH value and temperature shown to be around 9-10 and 50-60℃, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of verticase was severely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfony fluoride, indicating that verticase was a serine protease.     

促进黄花蒿发根青蒿素合成的内生真菌诱导子的制备

应用酸解法对黄花蒿(ArtemisiaannuaL.)内生胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichumgloeosporioides)菌丝体进行提取,在黄花蒿发根培养系统中比较了各制备提取物的青蒿素诱导活性。活性提取物经过SephadexG25层析后,部分纯化的内生菌寡糖提取物(MW<2500)可显著促进发根青蒿素的合成,培养23d的发根经诱导子(0.4mg/mL)处理4d后,青蒿素产量可达13.51mg/L,比同期对照产量提高51.63%,诱导作用与诱导子浓度、作用时间相关。内生菌寡糖诱导子的制备和使用,在青蒿素生物技术生产研究中为首次应用。     

猪笼草中产蛋白酶内生菌的分离及鉴定

采用研磨法分离纯化猪笼草各组织器官中的内生菌,并采用水解圈法和摇瓶发酵法分别进行初筛与复筛,对筛选出的菌株进行16SrDNA分析鉴定。结果表明:在猪笼草叶片、捕虫囊、根和茎等4种器官中共分离出25株内生菌;进一步从中筛选出2株可产胞外蛋白酶的细菌A3、L5,其中菌株A3的产酶能力较高,水解圈/菌落直径比(D/d)值为6.5,发酵液的蛋白酶活力为17.58U/mL;菌株L5的D/d值为3.0,发酵液的蛋白酶活力为15.77U/mL;16SrDNA鉴定结果表明,菌株A3、L5与芽孢杆菌属成员具有99%的同源性,其中A3是枯草芽孢杆菌(Ba-cillus subtilis),L5可能是其的新变种或新亚种。     

Two pairs of alkaloid enantiomers from Ganoderma luteomarginatum

A pair of new alkaloid enantiomers [(+)- and (−)-1] as well as a pair of known enantiomeric analogues [(+)- and (−)-2] were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma luteomarginatum. Their planar structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations were established by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) or comparison of the experimental and reported specific optical rotation ([α]_D). These rare Ganoderma alkaloids have a phenyl-substituted 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridine skeleton that has only been reported from the genus Ganoderma. The (+)- and (−)-1 were new Ganoderma alkaloids, while (+)- and (−)-2 were isolated from G. luteomarginatum for the first time. Thus, these four isolates could be tentatively determined as chemotaxonomic constituents of G. luteomarginatum.     

杜仲内生真菌的分离鉴定及抗菌活性研究

采用组织分离法从秦岭药用植物杜仲茎部共分离到内生真菌38株,经形态学鉴定分属于9属,其中青霉属为杜仲内生真菌中的优势菌群,拟青霉属、交链孢属和无孢群属为常见属。对分离得到的杜仲内生真菌发酵液进行了抑菌实验,其中61%的菌株对测试细菌具有抗菌活性,表明杜仲内生真菌的抗菌活性十分普遍;34%的菌株对烟草赤星病菌、苹果炭疽病菌及辣椒炭疽病菌等多种植物病原菌具有较强的抑制活性,表明杜仲内生真菌在植物病害的生物防治领域具有进一步开发的价值。     

块菌(松露)宿主可培养内生菌群落结构与多样性研究

探究四川凉山彝族自治州块菌主产区华山松内生菌群的结构及多样性。在会东县选取4个点(新田乡、新云乡、淌塘镇、雪山乡)的块菌宿主华山松的根、茎、叶为实验材料,通过不同培养基分离样品根、茎、叶的内生细菌、真菌、放线菌,DNA分子鉴定分离菌株的种属,最终分离得到细菌46株,其中欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)5株,沙门氏菌属(Salmonell)1株,杆菌属(Bacillus)22株,葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)2株,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)2株,类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus)2株,布丘氏菌属(Buttiauxella)2株,肠杆菌属(Enterobacte)3株,爱文氏菌属(Ewingella)1株,泛菌属(Rahnella)1株,拉恩氏菌属(Rahnella Izard)2株,其他属3株;真菌19株,均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota),其中青霉属(Penicillium)4株,疱霉属(Phoma)1株,子囊菌门未知菌1株,篮状菌属(Cladosporium)1株,分枝孢子菌属(Sydowia)1株,曲霉属(Aspergillus)1株,其他属10株;放线菌33株,为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)22株,短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)2株,短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)1株,其他属8株。研究结果表明,来自不同地点、不同植株部位、不同培养基分离得到的块菌宿主华山松内生菌有差异,证实微生物在土壤、块菌、宿主植物之间有着复杂的相互作用,为块菌的人工栽培提供参考。     

Endophyte roles in nutrient acquisition,root system architecture development and oxidative stress tolerance

Plants associate with communities of microbes (bacteria and fungi) that play critical roles in plant development, nutrient acquisition and oxidative stress tolerance. The major share of plant microbiota is endophytes which inhabit plant tissues and help them in various capacities. In this article, we have reviewed what is presently known with regard to how endophytic microbes interact with plants to modulate root development, branching, root hair formation and their implications in overall plant development. Endophytic microbes link the interactions of plants, rhizospheric microbes and soil to promote nutrient solubilization and further vectoring these nutrients to the plant roots making the soil-plant-microbe continuum. Further, plant roots internalize microbes and oxidatively extract nutrients from microbes in the rhizophagy cycle. The oxidative interactions between endophytes and plants result in the acquisition of nutrients by plants and are also instrumental in oxidative stress tolerance of plants. It is evident that plants actively cultivate microbes internally, on surfaces and in soils to acquire nutrients, modulate development and improve health. Understanding this continuum could be of greater significance in connecting endophytes with the hidden half of the plant that can also be harnessed in applied terms to enhance nutrient acquisition through the development of favourable root system architecture for sustainable production under stress conditions.     

一株曲霉属地衣内生真菌中新的二苯醚类成分

采用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、HPLC等分离方法,从一株地衣内生真菌菌株（No. 16-20-8-1,Aspergillus sp.）的发酵物中分离得到两个二苯醚类成分。利用UV、IR、MS和NMR等波谱技术,鉴定了它们的结构,分别为：2-isopentenyldiorcinol（1）和diorcinol（2）,其中1为新化合物。     

Massarilactones E-G, new metabolites from the endophytic fungus Coniothyrium sp., associated with the plant Artimisia maritima

Three new massarilactones E-G (1-3) and the massarilactone acetonide (4) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Coniothyrium sp., associated with the plant Artimisia maritima. Their structures were determined by analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The structure of massarilactones E (1) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and its absolute configuration determined by the solid-state CD/TDDFT method.     

香茅草产香内生真菌的筛选及香气成分分析

从香料植物香茅草(Cumbopogon citratus (DC．)stapf)分离到31株内生真菌,进行液体发酵,有1株产生香味物质,这株菌的发酵提取物采用同时蒸馏萃取装置收集挥发性成分,并用气相色谱/质谱仪对其香味成分进行分离鉴定,共检出74种化合物,其中有乙缩醛二乙醇、柠檬烯、月桂烯、月桂醛等多种香料物质。     

海带内生芽胞杆菌DNN7和HSN2胞外蛋白抗肿瘤活性初步研究

为检测海带内生芽胞杆菌DNN7和HSN2胞外蛋白的抗肿瘤活性,用0.22μm滤膜过滤将海带内生芽胞杆菌DNN7和HSN2的菌体和发酵液分开,用硫酸铵沉淀发酵液的蛋白组分并用SDS-PAGE检测,用海虾毒性法和MTT法检测胞外蛋白的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,海带内生芽胞杆菌DNN7的粗蛋白主要由分子量约为66×103、52×103和34×103的3条带组成,HSN2的粗蛋白主要由分子量约为44×103和52×103的2条带组成。DNN7胞外蛋白对体外慢性粒细胞白血病癌细胞K562、肝肿瘤细胞HepG2和乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231均具有较好的抑制活性,其抑制率分别高达96.46%、42.99%和85.70%;HSN2胞外蛋白对体外慢性粒细胞白血病癌细胞K562、肝肿瘤细胞HepG2和乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231也具有较好的抑制活性,其抑制率分别为92.65%、66.80%、88.48%。     

Three Sesquiterpenoid Dimers from Chloranthus japonicus: Absolute Configuration of Chlorahololide A and Related Compounds

A novel sesquiterpenoid dimer, named multistalide C ( 1 ), together with two known congeners, shizukaols C ( 2 ) and D ( 3 ), was isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. The structures of compounds 1 , 2 , 3 were elucidated by extensive HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 , 2 , 3 exhibited significant toxic effects on brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina). The absolute configuration of 1 was established by CD/TDDFT calculations. The related compound chlorahololide A was also reinvestigated. The previous assignment of the absolute configuration of chlorahololide A and several related sesquiterpenoid dimers, based on an incorrect application of the exciton chirality method, is criticized. Chirality 28:158–163, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Apiosordaria striatispora, an endophyte ofMesua ferrea andPrunus arborea from Thailand

Apiosordaria striatispora isolated as an endophyte ofMesua ferrea andPrunus arborea is described, and illustrated with interference contrast light micrographs and scanning electron micrographs.