管藻目绿藻刺松藻LHCII复合物的分离

采用TritoX-100增溶刺松藻类囊体膜,经初离心,蔗糖密度梯度离心和Mg^2 聚集作用后再离心,纯化到一种只含有分子质量为28000u脱辅基蛋白的LHCⅡ复合物,证实此种多肽为同时结合有Chla、Chlb和管藻黄素及管藻素的色素蛋白复合物,Chla/b=0.91。吸收和荧光光谱显示分离物中各种色素之间保持着良好的能量传递关系。其中管藻黄素及管藻素吸收的光能可直接传递给Chla,而无需Chlb作为中介。     

管藻目绿藻叶绿素蛋白复合物特性及比较研究

By mild PAGE method, 11, 11, 7 and 9 chlorophyll-protein complexes were isolated from two species of siphonous green algae (Codium fragile (Sur.) Hariot and Bryopsis corticulans Setch.), green alga (Ulothrix flacca (Dillw.) Thur.), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea Mill.), respectively. Apparent molecular weights, Chl a/b ratios, distribution of chlorophyll, absorption spectra, low temperature fluorescence spectra of these complexes were determined, and compared with one another. PSⅠ complexes of two siphonous green algae are larger in apparent molecular weight because of the attachment of relative highly aggregated LHCⅠ. Four isolated light-harvesting complexes of PSⅡ are all siphonaxanthin-Chl a/b-protein complexes, and they are not monomers and oligomers like those in higher plants. Especially, the absence of 730 nm fluorescence in PSⅠ complexes indicates a distinct structure and energy transfer pattern.     

绿藻假根羽藻色素-蛋白复合物的分离及其特性研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和蔗糖密度梯度超速离心方法分离了假根羽藻(Bryopsis corticulans)的色素-蛋白复合物,并对其特性进行分析。结果表明:采用PAGE分离得到7条色素-蛋白复合物带,分别是CPⅠa1、CPⅠa2、CPⅠ、LHCP₁、LHCP₂、CPa、LHCP₃₊₃,和2条游离色素(free pigment,FP)FCa、FC。用改进的不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心法分离到五条带。区带Ⅰ是FP;区带Ⅱ主要是小分子量的PSⅡ捕光复合物LHCP₃₊₃;区带Ⅲ以PSⅡ捕光复合物的聚集体LHCP1为主,区带Ⅱ和Ⅲ的吸收光谱中除了Chla外,还含有大量的Chlb和管藻黄素,是管藻黄素-Chla/b-蛋白质复合物;区带Ⅳ在PAGE中只显示一条带,光谱中有Chlb吸收肩峰,含有66和56kDa两种多肽,是较小的PSⅠ复合物CPⅠa。     

杂交水稻及其亲本光合特性的研究 Ⅰ．功能叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素－蛋白复合物及诱导荧光动力学

研究了杂交水稻青优１５９和广优四号及其亲本功能叶片的光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶绿素－蛋白复合物及诱导荧光动力学特性．这二个杂交水稻的光合速率分别高于其亲本,其超亲优势分别为１８．７２％和１８．２％,平均优势分别为２９．６％和２６．２％．杂交水稻功能叶片的叶绿素－蛋白复合物在６５０ｎｍ和６７５ｎｍ处光密度扫描峰面积具有明显的杂种优势,并与光合速率之间有较密切的正相关关系;叶绿素诱导荧光动力学特征参数Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ和Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ比值超过其高值亲本,具有杂种优势;杂交水稻功能叶片的叶绿素含量没有明显的杂种优势,光合速率与叶绿素含量之间没有明显的相关关系。而杂交水稻功能叶片的叶绿素ａ／ｂ比值均低于其亲本,并且叶绿素ａ／ｂ比值与光合速率呈较为密切负相关．     

龙须菜叶绿素-蛋白复合物的分离及鉴定

以海洋经济海藻--龙须菜(Gracilarialemaneiformis)为材料,机械破碎与超声波相结合破碎这种含胶量非常多的细胞,蔗糖密度梯度超速离心纯化其类囊体膜,去垢剂Triton X-100增溶纯化的类囊体膜,再用蔗糖密度梯度超速离心方法分离其叶绿素-蛋白质复合物.P700差示光谱鉴定分离的光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)颗粒,并且检测到了具有DCIP光还原活性的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)颗粒.结果表明,尽管海藻类囊体膜增溶困难,但只要条件合适,可以得到具有活性的光系统颗粒.     

龙须菜叶绿素- 蛋白复合物的分离及鉴定

以海洋经济海藻——龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）为材料,机械破碎与超声波相结合破碎这种含胶量非常多的细胞,蔗糖密度梯度超速离心纯化其类囊体膜,去垢剂Triton X-100增溶纯化的类囊体膜,再用蔗糖密度梯度超速离心方法分离其叶绿素-蛋白质复合物。P700差示光谱鉴定分离的光系统Ⅰ（PSⅠ）颗粒,并且检测到了具有DCIP光还原活性的光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）颗粒。结果表明,尽管海藻类囊体膜增溶困难,但只要条件合适,可以得到具有活性的光系统颗粒。     

叶绿素缺乏大麦突变体光系统I色素蛋白复合物的研究

同野生型大麦相比,突变大麦光系统ＩＩ捕光色素蛋白复合物的含量明显降低,其多肽组分也发生了变化：２６ｋＤ的多肽缺失,２４ｋＤ、２７ｋＤ和３０ｋＤ多肽含量减少。ＲＮＡ印迹杂交结果表明突变大麦中ｃａｂ基因的表达与野生大麦基本一致,说明突变大麦中ＬＨＣＩ多肽的缺乏不是在转录水平引起的障碍,而很可能是受转录后水平的调节。突变大麦叶绿体的内膜系统处于发育的初级阶段,基粒较少,类囊体膜的垛叠也受到很大的限制,这可能与２６ｋＤ多肽的缺失有关。     

螺旋藻藻胆体核心复合物结构与功能的研究──四种变藻蓝蛋白复合物的分离及光谱特性的研究

从螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）的藻胆体中分离出四种不同光谱形线的变藻蓝蛋白（ＡＰＣ）复合物：ＡＰＩ,ＡＰⅡ,ＡＰⅢ,ＡＰＢ,利用吸收光谱,荧光光谱（室温和低温）以及荧光激发偏振光谱比较了ＡＰＣ复合物三聚体和单体的光谱特性,四种ＡＰＣ复合物三聚体的最大吸收和最大发射峰位置各不相同,ＡＰⅡ和ＡＰⅢ位于短波区（最大吸收波长在～６５０ｎｍ,最大发射波长在６６２～６６４ｎｍ）ＡＰＩ和ＡＰＢ     

Electrophysiology of Turgor Regulation in Marine Siphonous Green Algae

We review electrophysiological measures of turgor regulation in some siphonous green algae, primarily the giant-celled marine algae, Valonia and Ventricaria, with particular comparison to the well studied charophyte algae Chara and Lamprothamnium. The siphonous green algae have a less negative plasma membrane potential, and are unlikely to have a proton-based chemiosmotic transport system, dominated by active electrogenic K⁺ uptake. We also make note of the unusual cellular structure of the siphonous green algae. Hypertonic stress, due to increased external osmotic pressure, is accompanied by positive-going potential difference (PD), increase in conductance, and slow turgor regulation. The relationship between these is not yet resolved, but may involve changes in K⁺ conductance (G _K) or active K⁺ transport at both membranes. Hypotonic turgor regulation, in response to decreased external osmotic pressure, is ∼3 times faster than hypertonic turgor regulation. It is accompanied by a negative-going PD, although conductance also increases. The conductance increase and the magnitude of the PD change are strongly correlated with the magnitude of hypotonic stress.     

绿藻[FeFe]氢化酶

该文介绍了绿藻[FeFe]氢化酶的研究现状,包括酶的结构、催化中心、金属簇的性质,以及对氧的敏感性和可能的解决办法。并且对已报道的绿藻[FeFe]氢化酶基因及其调控等问题作了介绍。     

高光胁迫对水稻籼粳亚种两个品种色素蛋白复合体的影响

以耐光抑制的水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）粳亚种品种“武育粳”和对光抑制敏感的灿亚种品种“汕优６３”的剑叶为材料,比较研究了高光胁迫对水稻两个亚种光合系统的影响。结果表明,高光胁迫影响激发能在两个光系统之间的分配,抑制激发能向ＰＳⅡ传递。在籼稻中激发峰和发射峰以及相关比值在受到高光胁迫后下降的幅度均比在粳稻中显著。与粳稻相比,高光胁迫几乎使籼稻的ＰＳⅡ捕光色素蛋白复合体的三聚体解体,使其Ｐ     

Co-Localization of Particle Transport with Microtubules in Cytoplasmic Exudates of the Siphonous Green Alga Bryopsis

Organelles in the cortical cytoplasm of the siphonous green alga Bryopsis display various types of motile activities. One of them, saltatory movement along axially oriented linear tracks is typical for mitochondria and other small particles. A method is described which allows in vitro observation of such movements in thin layers of cytoplasm extruded from the alga and attached to a poly-l -lysine coated glass surface. By comparing video recordings of motile activities with the position of cytoskeletal elements visualized by immunofluorescence in the same area of a cytoplasmic exudate, it can be shown that tracks along which particles have moved in vitro are identical with microtubules (MTs). Depolymerization of MTs in the cytoplasmic exudates by MT-specific inhibitors stops particle movement, whereas depolymerization of actin filaments with cytochalasin D disrupts actin bundles but has little effect on particle motility. These data are consistent with the model of MT guided particle transport.     

A Temperature Dependence of the Intra- and Extracellular Fatty-Acid Composition of Green Algae and Cyanobacterium

The effect of ambient temperature on the composition of intracellular fatty acids and the release of free fatty acids (FFA) into a medium by cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis and eukaryotic microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Botryococcus braunii, was studied using their batch cultures. It was found that all the species studied, regardless of their taxonomic status, responded to the temperature regime by similar changes in their intracellular fatty acid composition: the relative content of more unsaturated fatty acids decreased with the elevation of temperature. At the same time, in the prokaryote, this temperature shift blocked, first of all, the elongation of 16:0 to 18:0 and then their further desaturation. In eukaryotes, the change in the desaturation of dienoic to trienoic fatty acids was the most pronounced process. The ratio of dienoic to trienoic fatty acids remained almost unchanged in S. platensis. The relative content of extracellular unsaturated FFA increased in the prokaryotic organism S. platensis at a higher temperature. But no significant changes in the composition of extracellular unsaturated FFA were detected in eukaryotic algae upon temperature elevation.     

两种丝状绿藻对水体中低浓度苯酚的去除作用研究

研究了两种丝状绿藻,脆弱刚毛藻(Cladophora fracta)和长形水绵(Spirogyra longata)对水体中低浓度苯酚(≤6mg·mL-1)的去除作用。结果表明,在不考虑交互作用下,脆弱刚毛藻和长形水绵对苯酚的去除率分别为86%和75.63%,脆弱刚毛藻去除苯酚试验中,温度是主要影响因素,长形水绵去除苯酚试验中,处理时间是主要影响因素;在考虑交互作用下,脆弱刚毛藻和长形水绵对苯酚的去除率分别为88.98%和75.63%,脆弱刚毛藻去除苯酚试验中,温度是主要影响因素,长形水绵去除苯酚试验中,处理时间是主要影响因素;脆弱刚毛藻去除苯酚实验中各因素最优水平组合为温度18℃,处理时间2h,藻重0.5g,长形水绵去除苯酚试验中中各因素最优水平组合为温度8℃,处理时间1h,藻重0.5g。     

裙带菜与菠菜的色素-蛋白质复合体的比较研究

裙带菜ＰＳＩ复合体的７７Ｋ荧光发射光谱与菠菜的明显不同,缺少７３０ｎｍ长波荧光峰,位于７１５ｎｍ处,其捕光色素－蛋白质复合体有墨角藻黄素－叶绿素ａ／ｃ－蛋白质复合体和叶绿素ａ／ｃ－蛋白质复合体两种,菠菜只有一种叶绿素ａ／ｂ－蛋白质复合体。