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1.
Guohua Xu Shaoling Zhang Yonghua Yang Caiping Zhao Joseph N. Wolukau 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2008,30(2):233-241
The objective of this study was to examine whether S-RNase plays a specific role in the pre-germinated Pyrus pollen. Effects of exogenous RNase and endogenous S-RNase on concentration of cytosolic-free calcium ([Ca2+]i) variation of pre-germinated Pyrus pollen were studied. [Ca2+]i variation caused by different RNases were complex. In 1 h after being cultured, exogenous RNase, RNase T1 and RNase A, and endogenous incompatible ‘Hohsui’ RNase promoted the [Ca2+]i of ‘Hohsui’ pollen. Acid proteins of ‘Hohsui’ had no remarkable influence on the [Ca2+]i of self-pollen. Endogenous compatible ‘Kohsui’ RNase reduced the [Ca2+]i of ‘Hohsui’ pollen, but compatible ‘Hohsui’ RNase can stimulate the [Ca2+]i of ‘Kohsui’ pollen. RNase T1, RNase A and incompatible ‘Kohsui’ S-RNase can also make ‘Kohsui’ pollen [Ca2+]i increase. Different from ‘Hohsui’ pollen, acid proteins of ‘Hohsui’ pull down the ‘Kohsui’ pollen [Ca2+]i remarkably. Conclusion can be made that during the prophase of pollen germination, endogenous S-RNase has no specific effect
on pollen [Ca2+]i changes. 相似文献
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A parentage study of closely related Ukrainian wine grape varieties using microsatellite markers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. Goryslavets V. Risovanna R. Bacilieri J. -F. Hausman M. Heuertz 《Cytology and Genetics》2010,44(2):95-102
Four bred grapevine varieties released for commercial cultivation in Ukraine, namely ‘Antey Magarachskii’, ‘Rubinovyi Magaracha’,
‘Granatovyi Magaracha’ and ‘Rubin Golodrigi’, and their putative parental forms were genotyped using six microsatellite loci.
Genotypes were compared with breeding records to verify genetic relationships among varieties. Results of the analysis confirmed
four of six parent-offspring relationships. Results of the analysis allow to assume that genotype ‘Seyve Villard 20347’ is
the direct parent of ‘Antey Magarachskii’ instead of its grandparent. The first-studied accession believed to be that of ‘Granatovyi
Magaracha’ was identified as impurity. In order to verify the parentage of ‘Granatovyi Magaracha’, rest accessions of that
variety and its putative parent ‘Antey Magarachskii’ were additionally genotyped at 13 nuclear loci and at three chloroplast
loci. The parent-offspring relationship was confirmed, as all ‘Granatovyi Magaracha’ accessions had a common allele with the
parent variety ‘Antey Magarachskii’ at each locus and the same chlorotype A. Different ‘Granatovyi Magaracha’ accessions could
have been obtained via vegetative propagation of two seedlings which arose from one crossing. 相似文献
5.
Summary A study of the bacterial microflora of muds colonized bySpartina townsendii agg. in healthy and ‘die-back’ sites in the Lymington estuary was made. No important qualitative differences were found between
the microfloras of the two types of site. Fewer species, however, were present in the die-back sites. It is suggested that
under anaerobic conditions, such as occur in a ‘die-back’ site, the bacteria will utilise such oxygen as is present, and will
then engage in anaerobic metabolic processes, producing reduced ions which will reduce the oxidation-reduction potential still
further. The occurrence of abundant sulphate reducers in the ‘die-back’ sites may be particularly significant in this respect.
No evidence was obtained of any more direct relationship between bacterial flora and the development of ‘die-back’. 相似文献
6.
Iwona Żur Ewa Dubas Elżbieta Golemiec Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda Franciszek Janowiak Maria Wędzony 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(3):319-328
The accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and the activities of antioxidative enzymes along with cell metabolic activity were
monitored during androgenesis induction in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.). Tested cultivars ‘Mieszko’ and ‘Wanad’ were selected due to their significantly different responses to androgenic
induction. Significant variation was observed in respect of superoxide dismutase activity and endogenous ABA content in anthers
isolated from freshly cut tillers. For both cultivars, tillers pretreatment with low temperature decreased peroxidase activity
by 36%, highly accelerated respiration rate and reduced heat production. At the same time, the level of ABA in ‘Mieszko’ was
increased to the level measured in ‘Wanad’. This effect was associated with higher microspore culture viability and increased
stress tolerance in ‘Mieszko’. Low temperature and metabolic starvation during 4-day anther preculture did not influence activities
of antioxidative enzymes, while it resulted in slight decrease in respiration rate and heat emission. The importance of these
changes for effective androgenesis induction is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Aswin Mangerich Harry Scherthan Jörg Diefenbach Ulrich Kloz Franciscus van der Hoeven Sascha Beneke Alexander Bürkle 《Transgenic research》2009,18(2):261-279
Here we report an approach to generate a knock-in mouse model using an ‘ends-out’ gene replacement vector to substitute the
murine Parp-1 (mParp-1) coding sequence (32 kb) with its human orthologous sequence (46 kb). Unexpectedly, examination of mutant ES cell clones
and mice revealed that site-specific homologous recombination was mimicked in three independently generated ES cell clones
by bidirectional extension of the vector homology arms using the endogenous mParp-1-flanking sequences as templates. This was followed by adjacent integration of the targeting vector, thus leaving the endogenous
mParp-1 locus functional. A related phenomenon termed ‘ectopic gene targeting’ has so far only been described for ‘ends-in’ integration-type
vectors in non-ES cell gene targeting. We provide reliable techniques to detect such ectopic gene targeting which represents
an unexpected caveat in mouse genetic engineering that should be considered in the design and validation strategy of future
gene knock-in approaches.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
8.
The effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG),1-aminocyclopropane- 1 -carboxylic acid (ACC), dicycyclohexylammonium sulfate
(DCHA) and methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) on induction of embryogenic competence from the nucellus of two mango
genotypes, ‘Tutehau’ (polyembryonic) and ‘Tommy Atkins’ (monoembryonic), were compared. Induction of embryogenic competence
in the explanted nucellus of ‘Tommy Atkins’ was more sensitive to AVG and DCHA than ‘Tutehau’. MGBG had no effect on induction
of embryogenic competence of either genotype, and ACC suppressed somatic embryogenesis with both cultivars. Ethylene biosynthesis
was greater from explanted ‘Tommy Atkins’ cultures. Reducing ethylene biosynthesis with AVG marginally increased the number
of embryogenic cultures of ‘Tutehau’, but completely inhibited somatic embryogenesis in ‘Tommy Atkins’ cultures. Ethylene
biosynthesis was stimulated by ACC in nonembryogenic cultures of both genotypes and in ‘Tommy Atkins’ embryogenic cultures,
in which ethylene biosynthesis was ca 7 X greater than in ‘Tutegau’ embryogenic cultures. The greater sensitivity of ‘Tommy
Atkins’ to the ethylene antagonist, AVG, may be due to its greater sensitivity to disturbance of ethylene biosynthesis and
spermidine synthesis.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Ying Li Yuping Song Gongjun Shi Jianjun Wang Xilin Hou 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(1):155-162
Changes in ascorbic acid content and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) leaves of ‘Wutacai’ and ‘Erqing’ exposed to excess copper (Cu). Cu treatment reduced the fresh weight of shoot and
root by 57% and 46% in ‘Wutacai’, and 60 and 54% in ‘Erqing’, respectively. The accumulation of copper in leaves was higher
in ‘Wutacai’ than that in ‘Erqing’. Compared to the control, ascorbic acid (AsA) contents were significantly decreased after
copper treatment in both cultivars, while they were higher in ‘Wutacai’ than in ‘Erqing’, which may explain the higher copper-tolerance
of ‘Wutacai’ with higher copper accumulation. The higher AsA contents of ‘Wutacai’ resulted from their lower activities of
degrading enzymes, such as ascorbate oxydase (AAO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as the increasing activity of dehydroascorbate
reductase (DHAR) after copper treatment compared with ‘Erqing’. Copper stimulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both
cultivars, but for catalase (CAT), there was little difference between both cultivars. Peroxidases (POD) activity was decreased
after copper treatment in ‘Erqing’, while in ‘Wutacai’, it was significantly increased at 14 days, and POD activity was higher
in ‘Wutacai’ than that in ‘Erqing’ at 21 and 28 days. Therefore, the induced increasing activity of POD in ‘Wutacai’ also
played an important role in its copper tolerance. 相似文献
10.
Aleksandra Korzeniewska Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Szczytt 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2000,22(3):235-238
Earliness is a crucial factor of tomato field production in Poland. A. Michalska and B. Kubicki (1978) conducted the first
investigations on tomato earliness at the Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding. The main conclusions from these studies
indicated that it was possible to obtain varieties earlier than ‘New Yorker’ as a result of transgression. The two new varieties
(‘Alfa’ and ‘Akord F1’) proved to be two weeks earlier than ‘New Yorker’. However, earliness was correlated with smaller fruit weight (30–40 g).
At the next stage of experiment some improvement was achieved both in the size of fruit (45 g for ‘Beta’ up to 70 g for ‘Alka’)
as well as colour intensity and good flavour. With the next few years fruit weight was still increased (up to 100 g for ‘Maskarena’)
and a higher level of firmness was obtained (mid firm fruits for ‘Maskarena’ and ‘Delta’). At present, the Polish Research
Centre for Cultivar Testing recommends our varieties ‘Betalux’, ‘Promyk’ and ‘Delta’ as standards. 相似文献
11.
Shirasawa S Endo T Nakagomi K Yamaguchi M Nishio T 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(5):937-946
Low temperature at the booting stage of rice causes male sterility resulting in severe yield loss. Cold tolerance has long
been an important objective in rice breeding. We identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for cold tolerance on the long
arm of chromosome 3 from the cold-tolerant breeding line ‘Ukei 840’ by using F2 and BC1F2 populations from crosses between ‘Ukei 840’ and ‘Hitomebore’. The cold tolerance of ‘Ukei 840’ is derived from the Chinese
cultivar ‘Lijiangxintuanheigu’. The effect of this QTL on cold tolerance was confirmed by developing ‘Hitomebore’ chromosome
segment substitution lines having ‘Lijiangxintuanheigu’ alleles on chromosome 3. By producing recombinants in chromosome 3,
the QTL region for cold tolerance was delimited to the region of about 1.2-Mb region between RM3719 and RM7000. All lines
heterozygous for the QTL showed seed fertilities as low as that of ‘Hitomebore’, suggesting that the ‘Lijiangxintuanheigu’
allele for cold tolerance in the QTL region is recessive. Determination of a 1.2-Mb nucleotide sequence of ‘Ukei 840’ and
comparison with the published genomic sequence of ‘Nipponbare’ showed 254 SNPs, of which 11 were in coding regions of genes,
seven in five genes being non-synonymous. SNPs were detected in the 5-kb upstream regions of 89 genes, but no differences
of gene expression levels were detected between alleles of these genes. Although further delimitation is required to identify
the gene responsible for cold tolerance of ‘Lijiangxintuanheigu’, SNP markers developed here will be useful for marker-assisted
selection in a breeding program using ‘Lijiangxintuanheigu’ as a donor of cold tolerance. 相似文献
12.
A. B. Mandal Aparna Maiti Bikash Chowdhury R. Elanchezhian 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(5):599-604
Summary Salt-soluble polypeptide and a few isozymes were profiled to identify banana cultivars available in Andamans, India. Salt-soluble
polypeptide profile was found to be inappropriate in cultivar identification However, isozymes such as peroxidase could differentiate
‘Jungli kela’, ‘Tissue Cultured Dwarf Cavendish’ (TCDC), ‘Lal kela’, ‘Rajbel’, and ‘Baratang wild’, while esterase identified
all the cultivars except ‘Rajbel’ and ‘Tarkari kela’. The latter two cultivars could be identified with the use of malate
dehydrogenase (MDH) and peroxidase profiles, MDH portrayed cultivar-specific distinct banding pattern in ‘Khatta Champa’,
‘Tarkari kela’, and ‘Baratang wild’, ‘China kela’ could be identified easily by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Amongst four isozymes,
esterase was found to be most efficient in identifying eight cultivars amongst 10; bence this isozyme may be used often as
a marker for cultivar identification of banana. 相似文献
13.
Summary Bone salt may be altered by preparative procedures. ‘Slam’ freezing can usefully be applied to bone mineral because it minimizes
preparation and preserves the tissue chemistry. The structure and composition of the mineral in ‘slam’-frozen neonatal mouse
calvaria (which require neither previous slicing nor manipulation) was examined by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray
microanalysis in unstained sections, 0.25 μm thick (i.e. unusually thick). Comparison was made with fresh intact calvaria
and with ‘snap’-frozen histological sections of mature rat femora. Under the optical microscope, calcified microspheres, up
to 1 μm in diameter, were evident within ‘young’ osteocytes and within the extracellular matrix of both immature and mature,
unstained and von Kossa-stained bone. In the electron microscope, microspheres of similar dimension and distribution were
observed after ‘slam’ freezing and were divided into two groups. One group, found inside and outside cells, had a substructure
of closely packed, electron-dense, rounded bodies 30–40 nm in diameter; despite their unusual stability in EDTA, X-ray microanalysis
indicated high levels of both calcium and phosphorus. The other group was found at the calcification front and, although similar
to the first group in size and chemical composition, these microspheres had a substructure of clusters of 5-nm-thick electron-dense
filaments containing mineral that was characteristically EDTA labile. The 30- to 40-nm dense bodies did not appear to be mitochondrial
and were absent from customary fixed and resin-embedded, ultrathin, stained preparations. They were not observed singly and
their aggregation into arrangements of microspheres, sometimes linked by bridges, may be an important preliminary step in
the development of the filamentous clusters. Needle-shaped and plate-like crystals of bone mineral were absent. It was concluded
that ‘slam’ freezing preserves both intracellular and extracellular bone salt in the form of microspheres within which the
mineral may modulate from dense bodies into filamentous arrays of variable density with maturity
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Shoot tips and single node explants of two rootstocks (R.99 and 3309) and two varieties (‘Helwani’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’) of
grapevine cultured on DSD1 media for a period of 60 days, were irradiated with 0, 2, 5 and 7 Gy doses of gamma irradiation.
Shoot length of ‘Helwani’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ was increased by 7 Gy irradiation. The 5 Gy dose increased the number of roots
in plants of the two rootstocks and ‘Helwani’. Root length of ‘Helwani’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ at the 2 and 7 Gy doses were
significantly higher than those of the non-irradiated control. A similar effect was noticed on R.99 rootstock subjected to
5 Gy. Five Gy also increased the dry weight of the R.99 rootstock, whereas 2 and 7 Gy had a similar effect on ‘Helwani’ and
‘Cabernet Franc’. Number of leaves of plants exposed to 5 and 7 Gy was increased when compared with the non-irradiated control.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
N. Friesen R. Fritsch K. Bachmann 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(8):1229-1238
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) methods have been used to verify the hybridogenic
origin and to identify the parental species of some ornamental cultivars in the subgenus Melanocrommyum of the genus Allium. The cultivars had been selected from seed obtained after uncontrolled pollination in breeders’ fields. The combination of
GISH analysis with RAPD markers is very suitable for testing the hybridogenic origin of plants and to ascertain the parental
species of the hybrids in such cases. As suspected, A. macleanii and A. cristophii are the parental species of ‘Globemaster’. The parental species of cultivar ‘Globus’ are A. karataviense and A. stipitatum, and not A. cristophii and A. giganteum as has been assumed on morphological grounds. Cultivars ‘Lucy Ball’ and ‘Gladiator’ are of hybrid origin, though only one
of the parental species, A. hollandicum, could be confirmed. The cultivars ‘Purple Sensation’, ‘Mount Everest’, ‘White Giant’, ‘Michael H. Hoog’ and ‘Mars’ are not
hybrids since neither GISH nor RAPD suggest the presence of a second genome. ‘Purple Sensation’ belongs to A. hollandicum, ‘Mount Everest’, ‘White Giant’ and ‘Mars’ to A. stipitatum,‘Michael H. Hoog’ to A. rosenorum.
Received: 3 July 1997 / Accepted: 9 October 1997 相似文献
16.
Homann PH 《Photosynthesis research》2002,73(1-3):169-175
This minireview focuses on the early evidence for roles of chloride and calcium ions in reactions of photosynthetic electron
transport and on the reluctance with which an essential function of these inorganic ions in the process of water oxidation
was accepted. For example, Daniel Arnon's group initially refuted the conclusion of Otto Warburg, the discoverer of a ‘chloride
effect,’ that chloride was a ‘coenzyme.’ Their reasoning was that chloride had not been shown to be an essential mineral nutrient
of plants. In the case of calcium, the problem was that the first ‘calcium effects’ had been seen with preparations from cyanobacteria
rather than from green plants. While today the status of calcium and chloride as essential participants in the process of
water oxidation is rarely disputed, the nature of their involvement still eludes all experimental inquiries. Substantial progress
in this respect may come from recent refinements of the application of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to the study
of photosynthetic water oxidation.
I dedicate this minireview to the memory of George Cheniae (1928–2001), my college for almost 40 years, whose excellance as
a scientist and fairness have been an inspiration, whose critical mind I admired, whose wit I enjoyed, and whose friendship
I cherished.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
The effects of water deficit on photochemical parameters and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase
and glutathione reductase were investigated in two olive cultivars differing in drought tolerance — ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’.
After 30 days without irrigation, leaf water potential fell to −5.5 MPa that was accompanied by a marked decrease in net photosynthesis
in ‘Chetoui’ olive cultivar. Maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) decreased slightly in ‘Chemlali’ (28 %) and substantially in ‘Chétoui’ (47 %). Both cultivars showed a similar decline (about
25 %) in the photochemical quenching coefficient, but only the drought-sensitive olive cultivar exhibited an enhancement (31
%) of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching under water deficit conditions. The quantum yield of electron transport decreased
in both olive cultivars. ‘Chemlali’ showed a higher protection against oxidative stress, as judged from the lower levels of
the malondialdehyde production. Catalase activity was higher in ‘Chetoui’. Glutathione reductase activity was increased similarly
in both olive cultivars under water stress. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was enhanced in ‘Chemlali’ under water stress, but
was unaffected in ‘Chetoui’. While, superoxide dismutase activity was inhibited in both cultivars under water stress, but
higher activity was detected in ‘Chemlali’. Thus, the ability to increase ascorbate peroxidase and a higher superoxide dismutase
activity might be an important attribute linked to the drought tolerance in ‘Chemlali’ olive cultivar. 相似文献
18.
A number of morphological changes accompany the G2 blockage caused by glucocorticosteroids in simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 mouse fibroblasts cells. Under phase contrast
microscopy dexamethasone-treated cells have darkened and raised nuclear regions with ‘lines’ running over their cytoplasmic
areas. They are more resistant to trypsinization and smaller in volume. Since inhibitors of DNA and protein synthesis prevent
this ‘glucocorticoid morphology’, the ‘darkening’ may be due to the accumulation of macromolecules within G2-blocked cells and the induction of a protein(s) may be needed for the morphological changes. Colchicine and cytochalasin
B do not bring about the glucocorticoid morphology, suggesting that it is not due to a general de-polymerization of microtubules
or microfilaments. With scanning electron microscopy treated cells show a great reduction in the amount and a re-organization
of microvilli and microplicae. Granules of lead precipitate at the periphery are also clearly evident in transmission electron
micrographs. These observations reveal profound morphological alterations, including cell surface changes, induced by glucocorticosteroids.
This work was carried out at the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 685, Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts
02215, USA. 相似文献
19.
QTL mapping of aroma compounds analysed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography in the apple progeny ‘Discovery’ × ‘Prima’ 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
F. Dunemann D. Ulrich A. Boudichevskaia C. Grafe W. E. Weber 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,23(3):501-521
Improving fruit quality of apple varieties is an important but complex breeding goal. Flavour is among the key factors of
apple fruit quality but in spite of the analytical and biochemical knowledge about volatiles little is known about the genetic
and molecular bases of apple aroma. The aim of this study was to use a saturated molecular linkage map of apple to identify
QTLs for aroma compounds such as alcohols, esters and terpenes, but also for a number of unidentified volatile compounds (non-targeted
analysis approach). Two parental genetic maps were constructed for the apple cultivars ‘Discovery’ and ‘Prima’ by using mainly
AFLP and SSR markers. ‘Discovery’ and ‘Prima’ showed very different volatile patterns, and ‘Discovery’ mostly had the higher
volatile concentrations in comparison with the Vf-scab resistant ‘Prima’ which has its origin in the small-fruited apple species Malus floribunda. About 50 putative QTLs for a total of 27 different apple fruit volatiles were detected through interval mapping by using
genotypic data of 150 F1 individuals of the mapping population ‘C3’ together with phenotypic data obtained by head-space solid phase microextraction
gas chromatography. QTLs for volatile compounds putatively involved in apple aroma were found on 12 out of the 17 apple chromosomes,
but they were not evenly dispersed. QTLs were mainly clustered on linkage groups LG 2, 3 and 9. In a first attempt, a LOX
(lipoxygenase) candidate gene, putatively involved in volatile metabolism, was mapped on LG 9, genetically associated with
a cluster of QTLs for ester-type volatiles. Implications for aroma breeding in apple are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) is a rapid, simple, high-resolution analytical method based on thermal degradation of complex
materials in a vacuum. It is widely applied to the discrimination of closely related microbial strains. Leaf samples from
eight cultivars (‘Apricot Delight’, ‘Cooler Grape’, ‘Cooler Peppermint’, ‘Equator Grape’, ‘Equator Rose’, ‘Equator White’,
‘Equator White Eye’, and ‘Little Bright Eye’) of Catharanthus roseus were subjected to PyMS for spectral fingerprinting. Discriminant analysis (DA) of PyMS data enabled us to assign these cultivars
to discrete clusters. A hierarchical dendrogram based on DA provided a possible relationship among them that was in general
agreement with a previously reported classification of the cultivars based on DNA fingerprints. Furthermore, those belonging
to the same ‘series’ were grouped into a single cluster, which previously could not be achieved through similar approaches
based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy or 1H NMR data. Overall results suggest that chemical differences (i.e., in pyrolysate composition) among cultivars, as detected
by mass spectrometry, reflect their genetic variation. 相似文献