从实验感染OPPV的山羊外周血单核细胞中分离病毒的研究

用绵羊胎肺细胞与接种绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（OPPV）的山羊外周血单核细胞共同培养的方法可以分离到病毒,这说明OPPV可以感染山羊。用细胞病变观察、间接荧光抗体试验、电镜切片观察和聚合酶链式反应对分离毒进行了鉴定,进一步证实了分离毒为OPPV。分离结果表明这是一种较为敏感的分离方法。绵羊胎肺细胞可传到40多代,且每一代次的细胞都可用于病毒的分离,因此这是一种非常实用的分离OPPV的方法。     

绵羊进行性肺炎分子生物学研究进展

绵羊进行性肺炎分子生物学研究进展丁恩雨（复旦大学生命科学院病毒学研究室,上海２００４３３）关键词绵羊进行性肺炎,慢病毒,分子生物学ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｏｆＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＯｖｉｎｅＰｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅＰｎｅｕｍｏ...     

群特异性蓝舌病病毒单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的：制备群特异性抗蓝舌病病毒（BTV）单克隆抗体,并对其特性进行鉴定,为建立检测BTV抗原及抗体的ELISA方法奠定基础。方法：用纯化的BTV颗粒为免疫抗原免疫BALB/c鼠,以大肠杆菌表达的VP7蛋白作为筛选抗原,用间接ELISA法筛选杂交瘤细胞株;选取抗体效价最高的一株制备BTV单克隆抗体,以该抗体为捕获抗体与8种不同血清型BTV进行ELISA反应,结果与细胞病变反应进行比对;以该抗体为竞争抗体,与12种不同血清型绵羊BTV抗血清进行竞争ELISA反应,并将结果与参比c-ELISA试剂盒结果进行比对。结果：筛选出5株稳定分泌BTV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并选其中一株（3E2）制备了高纯度的单克隆抗体;该单抗用于检测不同血清型BTV,与细胞病变反应结果完全相符;用于检测不同血清型绵羊BTV抗血清,其结果与参比c-ELISA试剂盒符合率为100%,与鹿流行性出血热病毒抗原和抗体均无交叉反应。结论：制备的BTV单克隆抗体具有良好的群特异性,可用于检测不同血清型BTV抗原及BTV抗体。     

表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白重组伪狂犬病毒的构建及其生物学特性分析

将猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus,PRRSV）CH-1a株GP5基因插入到伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies Virus,PRV）Bartha-K61株TK基因中,获得了一株TK^-／gE^-表型的重组伪狂犬病病毒,命名为rPRV—GP5。经生长动力学、表达动力学和间接免疫荧光证实PRRSV GP5在重组病毒中获得了表达,表达蛋白的抗原性与亲本病毒相似,rPRV-GP5在不同的细胞上毒价和细胞病变与Bartha—K61比较无显著差异。4只PRV抗体阴性的绵羊,每只接种10^6.0。PFU的rPRV-GP5可以完全抵抗10^3LD50伪狂犬病强毒S株的攻击。10头PRV、PRRSV抗体阴性的仔猪滴鼻接种rPRV-GP5 10^7.0 PFU／头并在接种后63d攻击PRRSV CH-1a株10^5.0 TCID50／头,攻毒后3d和5d出现了PRRSV荧光抗体和ELISA抗体,在政毒后14d检测到了PRRSV中和抗体,Bartha—K61活疫苗组和对照组至实验结束时仍未检测到PRRSV中和抗体。这说明rPRV-GP5免疫产生了针对PRRSV的回忆性免疫应答。     

抗EHFV的独特型抗体在大鼠体内诱导免疫应答的研究

本文介绍用流行性出血热（EHF）病毒J10株制备单克隆抗体（McAb),以及用7个McAb免疫家兔,使其产生抗EHF病毒McAb的抗体即独特型抗体（Ab2）。Ab2能在体外同出血热病人恢复期血清和EHF病毒免疫的兔血清发生特异性结合。再经EHF－McAb亲和层析法分离提纯Ab2,免疫BALb/c小鼠,将所获得的免疫血清（Ab3）用荧光和ELISA分别加以测定,结果表明,抗－抗独特型抗体可在体外识别EHF病毒,而不能同病病人恢复期血清发生结合,从而支持免疫网络学说,可能为我们提供一种新型的抗原来源途径。     

抗EHFV的独特型抗体在小鼠体内诱导免疫应答的研究

本文介绍用流行性出血热（EHF）病毒J10株制备单克隆抗体（McAb）,以及用7个McAb免疫家兔,使其产生抗EHF病毒McAb的抗体即抗独特型 抗体（Ab2).Ab2能在体外同出血热病人恢复期血清和EHF病毒免疫的兔血清发生特异性结合。再经EHF－McAb亲和层析法分离提纯Ab2,免疫BALb/c小鼠,将所获得的免疫血清（Ab3）用荧光和ELISA分别加以测定。结果表明,抗－抗独特型抗体可在体外识别EHF病毒,而不能同病病人恢复期血清发生结合,从而支持免疫网络学说,可能为我们提供一种新型的抗原来源途径。     

抗体与SARS研究

在非典型性肺炎（SARS）的研究过程中,抗体无论在临床医学领域,还是在基础病毒学研究领域都发挥着重要的作用。利用重组蛋白或者人工合成的多肽免疫得到的针对SARS病毒特异性的单克隆、多克隆抗体可以用于SARS病人的临床血清学检测、SARS的预防治疗,还可以用于病毒蛋白的功能性研究。因此,抗体在类似SARS这样的感染性疾病研究过程中有着极大的应用价值。     

含F／2A序列的抗P185^erbB2人鼠嵌合抗体慢病毒表达载体的构建

目的构建含F／2A序列的抗P185^erbB2人鼠嵌合抗体慢病毒表达载体,观察其在293T细胞中的表达。方法用具有自我剪切能力的弗林蛋白酶（Furin）／口蹄疫病毒2A多肽（F/2A）连接人鼠嵌合抗体的重链和轻链,形成一个开放阅读框（ORF）,插入慢病毒表达载体pWPI,构建重组抗P185神睨全长人鼠嵌合抗体表达载体pWPI／H-F2A—L。以已构建的慢病毒表达载体pWPI／H-IRES-L为对照质粒。应用磷酸钙沉淀法将慢病毒载体3质粒系统共转染入293T细胞进行包装,测定病毒滴度。再感染293T细胞,荧光显微镜下观察GFP的表达和转染效率,RT—PER、ELISA方法分别检测嵌合抗体mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果经测序鉴定,pWPI／H—F2A—L与预期设计一致;pWPI／H—F2A—L组的病毒滴度为4．3×10^5TU／ml,而pWPI／H—IRES—L组的病毒滴度为3．5×10^5TU／ml;两组重组慢病毒的转染效率分别为87．68％和79．08％;两组重组慢病毒感染293T细胞后,都有嵌合重链和嵌合轻链的表达,由F／2A介导的嵌合抗体的表达水平要高于由IRES介导的嵌合抗体。结论成功构建了含F／2A序列的抗P185^erbB2人鼠嵌合抗体慢病毒表达载体,为今后抗P185^erbB2工程抗体的研究奠定了基础。     

清洁级实验动物四种病毒抗体玻片酶免疫检测试剂盒的研制

本文报道对清洁级实验动物应排除的四种病毒（淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒、小鼠脱脚病病毒、鼠肝炎病毒和仙台病毒）抗体玻片酶免疫（ＥＩＡ）检测试剂盒的研制。四种病毒感染的细胞和对照细胞经冷丙酮固定于载玻片上制成特异性抗原和对照抗原,此四种病毒的抗血清各１０份和ＳＰＦ小鼠血清２０份分别与四种病毒的特异性抗原和对照抗原进行ＥＩＡ交叉试验,结果显示,抗原只与其相应抗血清发生特异性显色反应,与非特异性小鼠血清和ＳＰＦ小鼠血清不显色。与ＨＩ或ＥＬＩＳＡ方法比较,通过对１１２份普通小鼠血清进行测试,结果表明,ＥＩＡ对仙台病毒抗体的检出率（１９．６％）显著高于（＜０．００５）ＨＩ（６．３％）,对小鼠脱脚病病毒抗体的检出率（２３．３％）与ＨＩ（２１．４％）无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＥＩＡ对淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒和鼠肝炎病毒抗体的检出率分别为１．８％和７１．２％,ＥＬＩＳＡ对两种病毒抗体的检出率分别为１．８％和６７．６％,两种方法对两种病毒抗体的检出率无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。重复性试验表明两批四种病毒抗体试剂盒对１０８份小鼠血清两次测定的符合率为９６～１００％。四种病毒的ＥＩＡ抗原在－１８℃保存１２个月或在２－８℃保存３     

基于重组荧光病毒的流式细胞术检测抗CV-A16中和抗体的研究

建立基于重组荧光病毒CV-A16-EGFP的流式快速测定CV-A16感染或免疫动物血清中和抗体效价的方法。在Vero细胞上对不同感染时间点,不同病毒接种量情况下的CV-A16-EGFP病毒的增殖特性进行分析;随后,利用流式检测不同病毒滴度下的EGFP阳性细胞数量、EGFP阳性细胞百分比(%)、及EGFP阳性细胞的平均荧光密度值,并换算出不同病毒滴度与三者之间分别的数值对应关系。最后,以平均荧光密度值作为替代判断病毒病变效应的指标,并利用流式荧光检测及传统微量中和方法对CV-A16感染恒河猴血清及CV-A16免疫的羊血清中和抗体效价进行检测,并对两种方法的检测结果进行比较。在感染后24h,不同的病毒滴度与对应的平均荧光密度值呈良好的线性关系。利用流式荧光检测的CV-A16中和抗体效价与传统的微量中和实验相比,两者检测结果具有较好的线性相关性,线性回归系数为R~2=0.8026;传统的微量中和实验检测的平均中和抗体效价略高于流式荧光检测的中和抗体效价,但是差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。利用流式荧光检测可以迅速检测CV-A16中和抗体效价,并且实验结果与传统的微量中和实验具有较好的一致性。相比与传统方法,该方法更简单、快速、灵敏,为CV-A16抗血清的中和抗体检测提供参考。     

柯萨奇B组病毒在Hep-2细胞内增殖特性的研究

采用IFA、RT-PCR法观察了柯萨奇B组病毒(CBV)5型在Hep-2细胞内的增殖动态.CBV感染细胞后4h可检出病毒RNA,8h可检出病毒抗原,12h可观察到细胞病变,20h可检出病毒颗粒.结果为CBV增殖特性的研究提供了新的资料,并指出PCR是监测CBV增殖的敏感方法.     

猴免疫缺陷病毒引起多形核嗜中性白细胞凋亡的可能机理

本实验目的是研究猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）引起多形核嗜中性白细胞（PMNs）凋亡的机理。实验用PCR技术扩增gag基因,用Western blot法测定p53和bcl-2基因的表达。结果显示PMNs在被SIV感染后随着保温时间的延长存活率下降,在感染后24h可以从PMNs中扩增出gag基因。PMNs中p53基因的表达在感染后24h增加。同时bcl-2基因的表达在对照组和SIV感染组都增加,但在SIV感染组bcl-2蛋白的表达明显低于对照组。结果揭示SIV能够感染PMNs,p53和bcl-2基因表达的改变可能是SIV感染PMNs引起细胞凋亡的机理。     

鸭胚成纤维细胞中鸭瘟强毒的增殖特性研究

通过细胞培养物光学显微观察、细胞超薄切片研究、定量PCR检测技术对鸭胚成纤维细胞中鸭瘟强毒的增殖特性进行了研究.结果表明:鸭瘟强毒接种鸭胚成纤维细胞后42 h,可使细胞培养物出现大量明显的蚀斑病变.细胞培养物的超薄切片电镜观察研究表明,病毒核酸在胞核内常集中分布,呈直径35～45 nm的圆形颗粒状;核衣壳在胞核和胞浆内都有分布,呈直径90～100 nm的网形颗粒状;成熟病毒位于胞浆空泡内,呈直径150～300 nm的圆形,有囊膜和皮层结构;病毒通过囊膜与胞膜融合入侵细胞,在核内生成核酸、装配核衣壳,在胞浆中得到皮层,出芽到胞浆空泡内获得囊膜,通过胞吐作用释放到胞外.定量PCR研究表明:鸭瘟强毒接种细胞后10 h开始明显复制,接毒后30 h时含量趋于稳定,接毒后22 h时开始向胞外释放,50 h时达最大值,细胞和上清中病毒含量的增幅均为103左右,病毒主要存在于细胞中,其含量为上清的102～103倍.     

Replication of a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in a Continuous Cell Culture of Spodoptera frugiperda: Microscopy Study of the Sequence of Events of the Virus Infection

A microscopy study of the sequence of morphogenic events of Spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection of S. frugiperda cells is presented which orders the sequence of replication and establishes the time scale within which the events occur. The virus entered the cell by 1 h postinfection and was uncoated. The eclipse period was 9 h and the latent period was 12 h. Polyhedron formation was detected by 18 h postinfection and continued until the deposition of the polyhedron membrane was completed by 48 h postinfection. Aberrant morphogenic characteristics of virus repeatedly passaged in the cell culture were also recorded. Adsorption, envelope morphogenesis, and release mechanisms are discussed in light of other data on in vivo and in vitro baculovirus infections.     

Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV-2)

Various factor sinfluencing the plaque formation of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-2) in DBT cell monolayers were studied and a practical method for plaque assay was developed. Infected DBT cells yielded high-titered virus and were a satisfactory source of complement-fixing viral antigen. The predominant cytopathic effect of MHV-2 in DBT cells was cell rounding and detachment, but no syncytial formation was observed. Fluorescent antibody staining revealed specific fluorescence only in the cytoplasm of infected DBT cells. In one-step growth experiment, newly formed virus was first recognized within 4-hr postinfection and showed subsequently a rapid exponential increase. Release of newly formed virus from the cell was rapid, and a continuous release lasted for a certain period of time. The average per-cell yield of active virus was estimated to be about 6–7 × 10² plaque-forming units.     

单纯疱疹病毒致病模型的研究

对单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）感染小白鼠致病特点进行了观察。小白鼠感染HSV第4天后开始发病,感染后2h血液内可分离出病毒,第48小时病毒血症水平和病毒检出率较高。不同组织病毒分布不同,脑、神经节在感染后第72小时病毒滴度较高,心、肝组织在第5天达到高峰。结果说明所建立的HSV致病模型可用于评价抗HSV药物。     

In Vitro Translation of Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Early and Late mRNAs

A preliminary translational map of the Autographa californica genome was constructed. Eighteen viral DNA restriction fragments were either purified from agarose gels or obtained from pBR322 recombinant DNA plasmids to locate specific gene products. The DNAs were immobilized on nitrocellulose filters and used to select viral mRNAs isolated from RNA obtained from the cytoplasm of infected Spodoptera frugiperda cells at 21 h postinfection. The fragment-specific mRNAs were translated in vitro in the presence of l-[(3)H]leucine by using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The approximate locations of 19 A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) gene products were mapped. The genes for mRNAs present late in viral infection were mapped to DNA fragments that represent nearly the entire genome. The molecular weights of many of these proteins were similar to those present in purified AcMNPV extracellular virus and to proteins being made in infected cells at 18 to 21 h postinfection. Cytoplasmic RNA was isolated at 4 h postinfection from infected cells, a time early in the viral infection cycle, and hybridized to AcMNPV DNA immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. AcMNPV-specific early RNA was translated in vitro into at least six polypeptides, the most abundant having a molecular weight of 39,000. Viral polypeptides were detected in cells pulse-labeled with l-[(3)H]leucine at 3 to 6 h postinfection, with molecular weights similar to those of polypeptides made in vitro from early AcMNPV mRNA.     

Disease Induction by Virus Derived from Molecular Clones of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a macrophage-tropic lentivirus, causes persistent infections of horses. A number of biologic features, including the rapid development of acute disease, the episodic nature of chronic disease, the propensity for viral genetic variation, and the ability for many infected animals to eventually control virus replication, render EIAV a potentially useful model system for the testing of antiretroviral therapies and vaccine strategies. The utility of the EIAV system has been hampered by the lack of proviral clones that encode promptly pathogenic viral stocks. In this report, we describe the generation and characterization of two infectious molecular clones capable of causing acute clinical syndromes similar to those seen in natural infections. Virus derived from clone p19/wenv17 caused severe debilitating disease at 5 to 7 days postinfection; initial febrile episodes were fatal in two of three infected animals. Virus derived from a second clone, p19/wenv16, caused somewhat milder primary febrile episodes by 10 to 12 days postinfection in two of two infected animals. Virus derived from both clones caused persistent infections such that some animals exhibited chronic equine infectious anemia, characterized by multiple disease episodes. The two virulent clones differ in envelope and rev sequences.