福建地区橘小实蝇田间种群动态监测研究

利用Steiner诱捕器内置诱捕剂Me或Cue与0.2%马拉硫磷混合物制成棉球诱芯,在福建省各个地区共设置50个监测点,诱捕监测橘小实蝇（Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel）种群动态。从2002～2005年,连续4年的诱捕结果表明,橘小实蝇在福建省的发生呈单峰特点,7～9月为发生盛期,高峰出现在8月份。瓜菜园生境、石榴芒果园生境和龙眼香蕉园生境中,石榴芒果园生境橘小实蝇种群密度最高。运用地理信息系统（MapInfo）对该虫监测数据进行地图分析表明,橘小实蝇种群密度的地域特征明显,橘小实蝇有不断向外扩散的趋势。     

李产区橘小实蝇转移为害规律研究

[目的]明确橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsarlis(Hendel)在李产区不同寄主间的转移为害规律,为制定控制其种群的策略和防治技术提供参考和依据.[方法]选择广西李主产区,调查橘小实蝇潜在寄主种类、潜在寄主果实成熟期、寄主受害率及橘小实蝇成虫在各寄主上的转移为害规律,采用Pearson相关性分析与主成分分析方法分析影响橘小实蝇发生的气象因子.[结果]李产区不同月份成熟的11种瓜果中,李受害率最为严重,最高达22％,枇杷、酸梅、黄皮、沙糖橘、皇帝柑、柚和柿可作为橘小实蝇的潜在寄主;橘小实蝇的转移为害规律为枇杷(4月)→三月李、三华李、酸梅和黄皮(5-8月)→沙糖橘、皇帝柑、柚和柿(9-10月)→柿(11月);李产区橘小实蝇始见日和终见日分别为4月26日和12月22日,全年共有2个成虫发生高峰期,分别为7月上中旬和9月中下旬,其发生规律与气温显著相关.[结论]明确了李产区橘小实蝇的转移为害规律及其与气象因子的相关性,建议李产区应在4月份集中防治枇杷上的橘小实蝇有利于减轻对李的危害.     

广东橘园生境实蝇多样性及优势种的季节动态

为明确广东橘园生境的实蝇种类及优势种的季节动态,2016年在肇庆市怀集县、韶关市始兴县和潮州市潮安区各选择一处橘园开展实蝇监测并分析实蝇昆虫的多样性特征及优势种的季节动态。本次监测共诱集到7属15种实蝇。其中,怀集县橘园的物种丰富度最高,所获得的15种实蝇在该地均有发现,橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis为怀集县橘园的优势种。此外,值得关注的是,怀集县橘园还监测到柑橘专性害虫蜜柑大实蝇B.tsuneonis,蜜柑大实蝇的此次发现在广东省为首次报道。始兴县橘园监测到实蝇7种,其多样性、优势度和均匀度指数在3个橘园中最高,南瓜实蝇Bactrocera tau和橘小实蝇是该橘园的优势种。潮安区橘园监测到5种,其所有多样性指数在3个橘园中最低,橘小实蝇占绝对优势。监测结果表明橘小实蝇、南瓜实蝇、瓜实蝇和具条实蝇是广东橘园生境的常见种。橘小实蝇与南瓜实蝇是橘园生境的优势种,橘小实蝇与南瓜实蝇的成虫全年均可发生。     

不同生境中橘小实蝇种群动态及密度的差异

为揭示不同生境条件对橘小实蝇种群动态及密度的影响,通过设置橘小实蝇诱捕器,对2008-2009年福州地区不同生境条件下的橘小实蝇种群动态进行了监测。结果表明：（1）各寄主的转色成熟期是该果园橘小实蝇发生的高峰期。（2）在瓜果的成熟期,果园内橘小实蝇的种群数量要高于果园周边丛林的种群数量;成熟期过后,果园内部的种群数量小于果园周边丛林。（3）山谷生境橘小实蝇种群数量明显高于山脊生境,沿河生境则要明显高于非沿河生境。（4）城区的橘小实蝇的发生期早于乡村,且发生量要大于乡村。     

橘小实蝇幼虫液体人工饲料中pH值对其生长发育的影响

本文主要研究了橘小实蝇液体人工幼虫饲料中不同酸度对橘小实蝇生长发育的影响。继代饲养3代的结果表明：饲料酸度对橘小实蝇化蛹率和后代卵孵化率没有影响;对橘小实蝇蛹重、成虫羽化率和产卵量有显著影响。橘小实蝇液体人工幼虫饲料的pH值调节至3.6时仍可以获得质量较高的橘小实蝇。     

低温对橘小实蝇羽化的影响

【背景】橘小实蝇是重要的检疫性害虫,发生危害严重。有关低温对橘小实蝇成虫羽化的影响尚未见报道。【方法】通过设置不同温度(8、4、0和-4℃)及处理时间(12、18和24 h),研究了橘小实蝇羽化率和羽化时间的变化。【结果】随着温度的降低,橘小实蝇羽化率和羽化时间显著降低和延长。羽化率可从正常温度(28℃)下的100.0%降低至6.7%(0℃);羽化时间可从正常温度(28℃)下的9.0 d延长至12.5 d(0℃)。当温度为-4℃时,橘小实蝇不能正常羽化。【结论与意义】橘小实蝇的耐寒性较差。本研究可为该虫适生区划定提供理论依据。     

橘小实蝇的风险分析

从地理评估和管理标准、传人的可能性、传播途径、定殖、定殖后扩散的可能性及橘小实蝇危害性评估等方面对橘小实蝇传人中国风险进行定性分析,筛选了橘小实蝇传人中国的风险因子。根据我国各气候大区的30a（1961—1990）的平均气温、月最高平均气温、月最低平均气温及年降雨量等气候因子和橘小实蝇的发生规律,将我国地域划分为适生区、次适生区、非适生区,明确了南亚热带湿润大区、边缘热带湿润大区、边缘热带亚湿润大区为橘小实蝇的适生区;暖温带湿润大区、北亚热带湿润大区、南亚热带亚湿润大区、高原亚温带湿润大区为橘小实蝇的次适生区。提出了降低橘小实蝇风险的管理措施,为制定检疫政策提供依据。     

海南儋州地区橘小实蝇成虫数量动态

【背景】橘小实蝇是热带、亚热带水果的重要害虫,在海南发生严重。【方法】利用橘小实蝇性诱剂进行田间诱捕,以诱到的雄成虫为指标,通过定期调查,获得了海南儋州地区4种样地橘小实蝇成虫的种群动态,并进一步通过相关分析,研究了芒果园橘小实蝇种群动态与温度和降雨量的相关性。【结果】儋州地区橘小实蝇种群周年发生,冬季种群数量较低,夏季种群数量较高。橘小实蝇种群高峰期发生于6月,其中芒果园达327.6头,蔬菜地为182.8头,办公区为150.0头,植物园为209.6头。在芒果园中,随着温度的升高,橘小实蝇的种群数量呈指数增长,其相关系数R=0.799;而与降雨量的相关系数较低,为0.367。【结论与意义】本研究可为儋州地区制定橘小实蝇综合防治策略提供理论依据。     

橘小实蝇和番石榴实蝇卵的提取物对两种实蝇行为的影响及化学成分分析

[目的]探究橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis和番石榴实蝇Bactrocera correcta卵提取物对2种实蝇雌虫行为的影响,以及2种实蝇卵表面化合物的差异,为2种实蝇的化学生态防治提供理论依据.[方法]利用Y型嗅觉仪测定了橘小实蝇交配雌虫和番石榴实蝇交配雌虫对卵表提取物的行为反应,并利用EthoVision XT软件分析雌虫在Y管内的运动轨迹;利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)鉴定分析橘小实蝇卵和番石榴实蝇卵的化合物成分,并利用标准曲线法测定了各组分的含量.[结果]橘小实蝇卵提取物对橘小实蝇交配雌虫具有显著引诱作用(x2=9.383,P=-0.002),对番石榴实蝇交配雌虫具有显著驱避作用(x2=6.737,P=0.009),番石榴实蝇卵提取物对番石榴实蝇交配雌虫(x2=4.235,P=0.040)和橘小实蝇交配雌虫都具有引诱作用(x2=5.818,P=0.016).从橘小实蝇卵表提取物中共鉴定出11种化合物,分别是茴香脑、十五烷、十二烷酸、十二酸乙酯、(Z)-11-十四碳烯酸、十四烷酸、十四酸乙酯、(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、十六烷酸、十八碳烯酸、(Z)-9-十八碳烯酸乙酯.从番石榴实蝇卵表提取物中仅鉴定出7种化合物,而且这7种化合物在橘小实蝇的卵提取物中都存在.仅存在于橘小实蝇卵表的4种化合物是茴香脑、十二烷酸、十二酸乙酯、(Z)-11-十四碳烯酸.在2种实蝇卵提取物的相同成分中,十四烷酸、(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、十六烷酸在橘小实蝇卵表的含量显著高于番石榴实蝇.[结论]番石榴实蝇具有通过卵表化合物识别同种卵和异种卵的能力,2种实蝇的卵表化合物具有明显的差异.     

低温处理对枇杷中橘小实蝇的杀灭效果

【背景】橘小实蝇是水果国际贸易中被关注的有害生物。枇杷为福建名优水果,同时福建为橘小实蝇疫区,枇杷橘小实蝇的检疫处理技术是保证枇杷出口的关键环节。【方法】对人工接入枇杷果实中的橘小实蝇卵和幼虫的低温感受性、小规模处理和大规模处理及低温对枇杷果实品质的影响进行研究。【结果】橘小实蝇2—3龄幼虫混合虫态最耐受低温;1．5℃下处理12d,可完全杀死枇杷果实中的橘小实蝇,并且低温处理对枇杷果实无损伤。【结论与意义】低温可用于枇杷内橘小实蝇的检疫处理。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.