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Polypeptides of the synaptic membrane antigens D1, D2, and D3 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
O J?rgensen 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1979,581(1):153-162
The rat brain synaptic membrane antigens D1, D2, and D3 were labelled by 125I and precipitated by antibodies in a crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The precipitates were stained, scraped off, reduced, and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The D1 antigen was composed of two polypeptide chains, apparent molecular weights 50 300 and 116 000 D2 of only one polypeptide chain, apparent molecular weight 139 000, and D3 of three polypeptides, apparent molecular weights 14 100, 23 500, and 34 400. Higher apparent molecular weight polypeptides were present in variable amounts in the D3 precipitate, except when the synaptic membrane extracts had been pre-treated with phospholipase D. 相似文献
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Jørgensen OS 《Journal of neurochemistry》1976,27(5):1223-1227
The inside-outside localization of the nervous system specific membrane proteins D1, D2 and D3 was investigated by a immunoabsorption technique. It was found that D1 was located at least partly on the outside of the synaptic membrane in contrast to D3 which was inside on the membrane, facing the cytoplasm. The protein D2 was outside on the synaptic membrane, and it was found very accessible to the antiserum. It is speculated that D2 might be involved in the axonal-dendritic recognition process during synaptogenesis. 相似文献
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Unaltered D1, D2, D4, and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression and distribution in the spinal cord of the D3 receptor knockout mouse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hong Zhu Stefan Clemens Michael Sawchuk Shawn Hochman 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2008,194(11):957-962
Dopamine (DA) acts through five receptor subtypes (D1–D5). We compared expression levels and distribution patterns of all
DA mRNA receptors in the spinal cord of wild-type (WT) and loss of function D3 receptor knockout (D3KO) animals. D3 mRNA expression
was increased in D3KO, but no D3 receptor protein was associated with cell membranes, supporting the previously reported lack
of function. In contrast, mRNA expression levels and distribution patterns of D1, D2, D4, and D5 receptors were similar between
WT and D3KO animals. We conclude that D3KO spinal neurons do not compensate for the loss of function of the D3 receptor with
changes in the other DA receptor subtypes. This supports use of D3KO animals as a model to provide insight into D3 receptor
dysfunction in the spinal cord. 相似文献
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Up-regulation of the intestinal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor during hypervitaminosis D: a comparison between vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M J Beckman R L Horst T A Reinhardt D C Beitz 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1990,169(3):910-915
Concentrations of intestinal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor were measured in rats receiving pharmacological amounts (25,000 IU/rat daily for 6 days) of either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3. The data showed that both hypervitaminosis D2 and hypervitaminosis D3 resulted in significant up-regulation of intestinal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor (fmol/mg protein) relative to controls (409 +/- 24, vitamin D2-treated; 525 +/- 41, vitamin D3-treated; and 249 +/- 19, control). The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor enhancement also was accompanied by elevated plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hypercalcemia. These data suggest that increased target-tissue 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor may play a role in enhancing target-tissue responsiveness and, thus, have a significant role in mediating the toxic effects of hypervitaminosis D. 相似文献
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Summary A translocation between two homologues of chromosomes 15 was identified in a phenotypically normal female with the R-banding technique. The C-banding technique demonstrated an abnormally large band on the translocation chromosome. This finding suggests a possibility that the translocation might be due to breaks in the short arms or to fusion at telomeric ends. The patient had four spontaneous abortions and no normal pregnancy. 相似文献
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Chen TC Persons KS Lu Z Mathieu JS Holick MF 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》2000,11(5):267-272
Skin is in the site of previtamin D3 and vitamin D3 synthesis and their isomerization in response to ultraviolet irradiation. At present, little is known about the function of the photoisomers of previtamin D3 and the vitamin D3 in skin cells. In this study we investigated the antiproliferative activity of the major photoisomers and their metabolites in the cultured human keratinocytes by determining their influence on 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Our results demonstrated at both 10(-8) and 10(-6) M in a dose-dependent manner. Lumisterol, tachysterol3, 5,6-trans-vitamin D3, and 25-hydroxy-5,6-trans-vitamin D3 only induced significant inhibition at 10(-6) M. 25-Hydroxytachysterol3 was approximately 10- to 100-fold more active than tachysterol3. 7-Dehydrocholesterol was not active even at 10(-6) M. The dissociation constants of vitamin D receptor (VDR) for 25-hydroxytachysterol3, 25-hydroxy-5,6-trans-vitamin D3, and 5,6-trans-vitamin D3 were 22, 58, and 560 nM, respectively. The dissociation constants for 7-dehydrocholesterol, tachysterol, and lumisterol were greater than 20 microM. In conclusion, vitamin D3, its photoisomers and the photoisomers of previtamin D3 have antiproliferative activity in cultured human keratinocytes. However, the antiproliferative activity did not correlate with their binding affinity for VDR. The results suggest that some of the photoproducts may be metabolized to their 25-hydroxylated and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxylated counterparts before acting on VDR. Alternatively, a different receptor may recognize these photoproducts or another mechanism may be involved in modulating the antiproliferative activity of the photoisomers examined. 相似文献
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Annotation of any newly determined protein sequence depends on the pairwise sequence identity with known sequences. However,
for the twilight zone sequences which have only 15–25% identity, the pair-wise comparison methods are inadequate and the annotation
becomes a challenging task. Such sequences can be annotated by using methods that recognize their fold. Bowie et al. described
a 3D1D profile method in which the amino acid sequences that fold into a known 3D structure are identified by their compatibility
to that known 3D structure. We have improved the above method by using the predicted secondary structure information and employ
it for fold recognition from the twilight zone sequences. In our Protein Secondary Structure 3D1D (PSS-3D1D) method, a score
(w) for the predicted secondary structure of the query sequence is included in finding the compatibility of the query sequence
to the known fold 3D structures. In the benchmarks, the PSS-3D1D method shows a maximum of 21% improvement in predicting correctly
the α + β class of folds from the sequences with twilight zone level of identity, when compared with the 3D1D profile method.
Hence, the PSS-3D1D method could offer more clues than the 3D1D method for the annotation of twilight zone sequences. The
web based PSS-3D1D method is freely available in the PredictFold server at . 相似文献
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Kamila Skieterska Pieter Rondou Béatrice Lintermans Kathleen Van Craenenbroeck 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Dopamine D4 Receptor Polymorphism
The dopamine D4 receptor has an important polymorphism in its third intracellular loop that is intensively studied and has been associated with several abnormal conditions, among others, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.KLHL12 Promotes Ubiquitination of the Dopamine D4 Receptor on Non-Lysine Residues
In previous studies we have shown that KLHL12, a BTB-Kelch protein, specifically interacts with the polymorphic repeats of the dopamine D4 receptor and enhances its ubiquitination, which, however, has no influence on receptor degradation. In this study we provide evidence that KLHL12 promotes ubiquitination of the dopamine D4 receptor on non-lysine residues. By using lysine-deficient receptor mutants and chemical approaches we concluded that ubiquitination on cysteine, serine and/or threonine is possible.Differential Ubiquitination of the Dopamine D4 Receptor Polymorphic Variants
Additionally, we show that the dopamine D4.7 receptor variant, which is associated with a predisposition to develop attention deficient hyperactivity disorder, is differentially ubiquitinated compared to the other common receptor variants D4.2 and D4.4. Together, our study suggests that GPCR ubiquitination is a complex and variable process. 相似文献15.
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《FEBS letters》1997,400(2-3):191-195
The different murine D2-type dopamine receptors (D2L, D2S, D3L, D3S, and D4) were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The D2-type receptors were all similarly and efficiently expressed in Xenopus oocytes and were shown to bind the D2 antagonist [125I]sulpride. They were all shown to activate Cl− influx upon agonist stimulation. Using the diagnostic inhibitor bumetanide, we were able to separate the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter component of the Cl− influx from the total unidirectional Cl− influx. The D3L subtype was found to operate exclusively through the bumetanide-insensitive Cl− influx whereas the other D2-type receptors acted on the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter as well. The pertussis toxin sensitivity of the receptor-activated chloride influx via the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter varied between the various D2-type receptors showing that they may couple to different G proteins, and activate different second messenger systems. 相似文献
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