综合医院医疗辅助类岗位评价要素体系建设研究

目的 调查综合医院中医疗辅助类岗位员工心目中认可度较高的岗位评价要素,建立综合医院医疗辅助类岗位评价要素体系,并对其进行信度效度分析。方法 采用随机抽样的方式对来自北京6所综合医院的416名医疗辅助人员进行综合医院岗位评价要素重要性的问卷调查。通过因子分析提取评价维度,剔除因子负荷值小于0.5的评价要素。计算Cronbachα系数对岗位评价要素体系进行信度检验,通过结构方程模型进行效度检验。结果 (1) 通过因子分析提取4个因子作为评价要素的维度,剔除关联性较低的“培训”要素;(2) 经信度分析,各维度内部一致性程度高,剔除“科学研究职责”要素。（3）结构方程模型分析显示评价模型拟合度的几个主要指标均大于0.8。结论 构建4维度21要素的综合医院医疗辅助类岗位评价要素体系,该体系具有较好的信度和效度,对综合医院医疗辅助类岗位的评价更具针对性。     

居民健康卡金融功能应用模式探讨

阐述了居民健康卡金融应用意义,分析了居民健康卡实现金融功能的相关技术基础,探讨了居民健康卡加载银行账户、银行卡绑定居民健康卡、居民健康卡动态绑定银行卡加储值卡等金融功能实现方法及相关应用。     

黑龙江省县级医院绩效评价指标体系构建研究

目的 构建适用于黑龙江省县级医院的绩效评价模型和指标体系,为县级医院开展绩效评价、改善绩效管理提供决策参考。方法 应用文献分析法和专题小组讨论法构建评价模型和初始指标库,运用专家咨询法筛选评价指标并确定指标权重。结果 运用关键绩效指标理念构建了以工作质量、工作效率、医疗费用、综合管理及满意度评价为核心维度的县级医院绩效评价模型及指标体系。结论 指标体系的可信程度较高,能有效反映县级医院绩效管理的核心环节。     

基于RBRVS的临床医师绩效分配模式模拟应用评价研究

目的 对上海某三甲医院某科室基于 以资源消耗为基础的价值评估体系临床医师绩效分配模式的模拟应用进行评价。方法 应用SPSS19.0统计软件对收集的数据进行描述性统计分析、t检验和双变量相关性分析。结果 两种分配模式之间各诊疗项目价值点数变化幅度差异性较大,以月度为基础的绩效分配结果差异有统计学意义,RBRVS分配模式与三、四级手术之间存在正相关关系。结论 以资源为基础的价值评估体系分配模式优于原单纯基于比价的基本点数法,能够有效评价医师技术劳务价值,有利于促进三、四级手术和疑难复杂疾病的开展,不断推进公立医院医疗业务结构优化。

     

六西格玛管理法对围手术期服务质量改进的影响研究

目的 设计了综合医院围手术期六西格玛管理模式,并进行了试验研究,以评价应用效果。 方法 采用干预性研究方法,设立干预组和对照组。制定和筛选出评价指标,根据前后统计结果,判断总体改善和指标的变化情况。 结果 干预组总体有明显的改善,对照组总体改善不明显;干预组评价指标横比、纵比均有明显的改进。结论 围手术期六西格玛管理模式的应用可明显改善医院医疗服务质量,对医疗服务行为有较大的良性影响,并有利于医院文化建设。     

急性缺血性脑卒中临床路径管理模式的优化及实践

目的 评价优化后急性缺血性脑卒中临床路径管理模式的优越性。方法 随机选取医院实施急性缺血性脑卒中治疗临床路径管理优化前后收治的急性脑梗死患者各200例,采用回顾性分析比较各组患者的相关指标。结果 路径优化管理后,患者诊疗等待时间缩短,疾病规范诊疗比率进一步提高,医护工作量大大减少,患者满意度进一步提高。结论 实施临床路径能够改善医疗质量,更好地利用医疗资源。临床路径优化后医疗质量进一步提高。     

黑龙江省县级综合医院绩效评价实证研究

目的 构建县级综合医院快速绩效评价工具,为改善县医院绩效管理提供依据。方法 应用专题小组法和专家咨询法,筛选关键指标构成快速绩效评价指标体系,采用直接评分法和TOPSIS法计算各医院的绩效综合评价结果。结果 工作质量方面的短板、较低的基本药物配备率和薄弱的人力资源管理是各医院的共性问题。医院费用控制及经济管理维度中的关键政策指标达标率在各医院间波动较大。结论 开发的县级医院快速绩效评价工具具有一定的科学性和可行性。     

对手术室准时开台实施精益管理的探索

??????? 目的 对手术室准时开台实施精益管理的研究,有效发挥手术室资源来探讨精益管理的可行性。方法 医院对手术室手术安排以及对手术医师、麻醉医师、手术护士实施面部指纹考勤等一系列的精益管理手段来促使手术室准时开台的实施。结果 通过对手术室准时开台实施精益管理,手术准时开台率由原来的42.12%上升至现在的92.60%,手术周转时间缩短,成效显著(P<0.01)。结论 精益管理能有效提高手术室准时开台,保障手术顺利进行。     

医院青年管理人员职业素养评估量表的设计与分析

目的 探索建立医院青年管理人员职业素养评估量表,并对其信度、效度进行评价。方法 在充分查阅文献、专家访谈咨询的基础上设计评估量表,调查对象为江苏省13家三级医院专兼职管理人员,共收回有效问卷507份。结果 评估量表的总Cronbach’s α系数为0.984,4个维度的Cronbach’s α系数均大于0.800;因子分析结果提取5个公因子,其中3个基本与预设纬度“职业基本道德”、“职业态度与意识”、“职业行为与习惯”相吻合,另两个公因子分别对应“职业知识与技能”的知识与技能两部分,可以考虑将评估量表分为5个纬度。结论 医院青年管理人员职业素养评估量表具有较好的信度,评估条目较为合理,结构效度较好,具有一定的现实应用意义。     

Psychological workload and weight gain among women with and without familial obesity

Objective : High job demands and low job influence may be associated with subsequent weight gain. Predisposition to obesity may further modify such associations. The purpose of the study was to determine whether familial predisposition to obesity modified associations between psychological workload and 6‐year weight changes among nurses. Research Methods and Procedures : A total of 6404 Danish nurses 45 to 65 years old, who belonged to the workforce in both 1993 and 1999, answered a questionnaire on psychological workload, body weight, and familial obesity. Women were considered to be predisposed to obesity if they were overweight and had at least one obese parent. Parents’ body shape was reported using pictograms. Results : An increased psychological workload, reflected by high job demands and low influence in job, was associated with an increased body weight. This was particularly the case for nurses being predisposed to obesity, suggesting a synergy between familial obesity predisposition and the psychological workload environment. An interaction test among job demands, familial predisposition to obesity, and weight gain on adjusted data was made. The test showed p = 0.05. The adjusted interaction test among influence in job, familial predisposition to obesity, and weight gain showed p = 0.02. Predisposed nurses who were busy in their job gained 4.4 kg, whereas other nurses gained only 3.2 kg during the 6 years. Similarly, nurses predisposed to obesity with low influence in job had a higher body weight gain (5.4 vs. 3.2 kg) compared with other nurses. Discussion : High psychological workload due to high job demands and low influence in job seems to predict weight gain in general and, in particular, among those nurses with a familial predisposition to obesity.     

The bench vs. the blackboard: learning to teach during graduate school

Many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduate students travel through the academic career pipeline without ever learning how to teach effectively, an oversight that negatively affects the quality of undergraduate science education and cheats trainees of valuable professional development. This article argues that all STEM graduate students and postdoctoral fellows should undergo training in teaching to strengthen their resumes, polish their oral presentation skills, and improve STEM teaching at the undergraduate level. Though this may seem like a large undertaking, the author outlines a three-step process that allows busy scientists to fit pedagogical training into their research schedules in order to make a significant investment both in their academic career and in the continuing improvement of science education.     

浅谈岗位设置在医院人力资源管理中的导向性

现代医院管理是以人力资源为核心的管理,医院高效运作机制必须依靠一套适合本医院特点的组织体系和岗位设置。简要介绍了岗位设置的原则、岗位设置的必要性,同时结合本院岗位设置管理的实践经验,浅谈岗位设置在医院人力资源管理中的导向性。     

医学工程人员培训及工作满意度现状分析

目的 对医学工程人员的基本情况、培训情况、培训需要以及工作满意度情况调查,为医学工程人员的继续教育和管理提供建议。方法 取武汉三级医院8家、二级医院2家,在每家医院的医学工程部门中随机抽取15名进行问卷调查。结果 调查医学工程人员138名,大专及以下学历占47.9%;97.8%的医学工程人员愿意接受在职教育和培训的意愿;对职称、收入、在医院的地位、晋升机会满意的比例为17.4%、13.1%、15.2%、19.6%。讨论 医学工程人员整体学历偏低;医学工程人员培训需求较大;医学工程人员对职称、收入、在医院的地位、晋升机会、在职教育和培训的机会等满意度均较低。医院应建立科学的职业晋升制度、激励制度、培训方案,同时鼓励医学工程人员积极参加培训。     

Working multiple jobs over a day or a week: Short-term effects on sleep duration

ABSTRACT

Approximately 10% of the employed population in the United States works in multiple jobs. They are more likely to work long hours and in nonstandard work schedules, factors known to impact sleep duration and quality, and increase the risk of injury. In this study we used multivariate regression models to compare the duration of sleep in a 24-hour period between workers working in multiple jobs (MJHs) with single job holders (SJHs) controlling for other work schedule and demographic factors. We used data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics US American Time Use Survey (ATUS) pooled over a 9-year period (2003–2011). We found that MJHs had significantly reduced sleep duration compared with SJHs due to a number of independent factors, such as working longer hours and more often late at night. Male MJHs, working in their primary job or more than one job on the diary day, also had significantly shorter sleep durations (up to 40 minutes less on a weekend day) than male SJHs, even after controlling for all other factors. Therefore, duration of work hours, time of day working and duration of travel for work may not be the only factors to consider when understanding if male MJHs are able to fit in enough recuperative rest from their busy schedule. Work at night had the greatest impact on sleep duration for females, reducing sleep time by almost an hour compared with females who did not work at night. We also hypothesize that the high frequency or fragmentation of non-leisure activities (e.g. work and travel for work) throughout the day and between jobs may have an additional impact on the duration and quality of sleep for MJHs.     

ICU护士工作压力与创新行为的相关性分析

目的 了解医院ICU护士工作压力和创新行为现状及二者之间的关系。方法 抽取哈尔滨市三所大型综合医院的10个ICU病区的289名护士为研究对象,采用一般资料、护士工作压力源量表和创新行为量表对护理人员进行调查。结果 ICU护士工作压力平均分为2.63±0.64分,创新行为平均分为4.21±0.92分。工作压力各维度中,管理及人际关系、护理专业及工作和工作环境及仪器设备三个维度为创新行为的主要影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 临床护理管理者应想方设法减轻ICU护士的工作压力,才有利于促进临床护理工作者的创新行为,提高护理工作质量。     

护士组织职业生涯管理对工作满意度影响的调查

目的 探讨医院实施组织职业生涯管理对护士工作满意度的影响。方法 随机选取我市3所已实施护士组织职业生涯管理的医院中80名护士进行调查分析,比较实施护士组织职业生涯管理的效果以及管理后护士工作满意度改善情况。结果 实验组护士的晋升公平评分、注重培训评分、提供职业信息、促进职业自我发展及总评分均显著高于对照组,差异具有有统计学意义(P＜0.05);实验组护士内在满意度评分、外在满意度评分及总满意度评分均显著高于对照组,差异具有有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 实施护士组织职业生涯管理能有效提高护士的工作满意度,有利于促进护士的职业生涯发展及提高护理管理质量。     

Magnetic field exposure among utility workers

The Electric and Magnetic Field Measurement Project for Utilities—the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Electric and Magnetic Field Digital Exposure (EMDEX) Project (the EPRI EMDEX Project)—was a multifaceted project that entailed technology transfer, measurement protocol design, data management, and exposure assessment analyses. This paper addresses one specific objective of the project: the collection, analysis, and documentation of power-frequency magnetic field exposures for a diverse population of utility workers. Field exposure data measured by an EMDEX system were collected by volunteer utility employees at 59 sites in four countries between September, 1988, and September, 1989. Specially designed sampling procedures and data collection protocols were used to ensure uniform implementation across sites. Volunteers within 13 job classifications recorded which of eight work or three nonwork environments they occupied while wearing an EMDEX meter. Approximately 50,000 hours of magnetic field exposure records taken at 10 s intervals were obtained, about 70% of which were from work environments. Exposures and time spent in environments were analyzed by primary work environment, by occupied environment, and by job classification. Generally, for utility-specific job classifications related to the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, the field and exposure measurements in terms of workday mean field were higher than in more general occupations. The job classifications with the highest (median workday mean) exposure were substation operators (0.7 μT) and electricians (0.5μT). Total variance also tended to be largest for utility-specific job classifications. For these workers, the contributions of between-worker and within-worker variances to total variance were about the same. Measurements in utility-specific environments were higher than in more general environments. Estimates of time-integrated exposure indicated that utility-specific job classifications received about one-half or more of their total exposure on the job. The nonwork field and exposure distributions for workers in all job categories were comparable with median nonworkday means of about 0.09 μT. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

医学实习生职业倦怠心理与心理健康的调查分析

目的 调查医学生在实习期间的职业倦怠现象并探究其心理状况。方法 采用职业倦怠调查问卷以及症状自评量表对2013年3月—2013年6月在院实习的180名医学实习生进行调查分析。结果 医学生在实习期间存在一定的职业倦怠现象,心理健康状况存在一定问题,但其与职业怠倦心理状态没有明显的相关性。结论 职业倦怠现象普遍存在于医学实习生中,虽其心理健康状态与职业倦怠没有明确的相关性,但我们应正视医学实习生的心理健康教育,帮助其树立正确的职业观。