我国口腔医师岗位胜任力自评研究

目的 通过分析我国“5+1”阶段口腔医师胜任力自评问卷,验证胜任力指标的科学性。方法 自行编制口腔医师胜任力自评问卷,对全国14所高校附属口腔医院的350名“5+1”阶段口腔医师开展问卷调查,分析问卷的信度和效度检验,根据问卷分数分成高低两组,并进行独立样本的t检验。结果 “5+1”阶段口腔医师胜任力自评问卷共由7个维度、50个条目组成, Cronbach’s α系数均在0.8以上;经探索性因子分析后得到7个因子,7个因子的累计方差贡献率达67.272％;高分组和低分组的差异有统计学意义。结论 “5+1”阶段口腔医师胜任力自评问卷具有良好的信度和效度,适用于我国“5+1”阶段口腔医师胜任力的评价。     

名医胜任特征模型的构建研究

目的 借鉴现代人力资源管理理论——胜任力及胜任力模型研究，探讨我国名医胜任特征，构建名医胜任特征模型。方法 在文献研究、问卷调查和专家访谈的基础上，编制“名医胜任特征辞典”；采用自设问卷对各项胜任特征指标的重要程度进行评价；利用因子分析法和层次分析法构建名医胜任力模型。结果 名医具有以下7个维度的胜任特征：业务水平、大家认可、信念操守、人文素养、知识经验、名声信誉、成就品质，每一维度胜任特征包含多项因素，各项胜任特征及其内在因素在名医胜任特征模型中所占的权重不等。结论 名医胜任特征模型能够综合衡量卓越医师的岗位胜任能力，并且具有较强的适用性与可复制性，同时还反映了新时期职业精神和理想信念对一位医生成长、成才、成功的重要性越来越突出。     

临床医师薪酬分配与绩效实证研究

目的 研究基于绩效的临床医师薪酬分配办法和适当拉开薪酬差距是否能有效提升医院的绩效水平。方法 采用变异系数衡量临床医师的薪酬差距,采用对照研究的方法评估医院的绩效提升水平。结果 外科医师薪酬差距拉开幅度最大,其余依次为儿科、内科和医技科,2006—2010年医院绩效优于对照医院。结论 通过薪酬分配制度改革的实践,基于绩效适当拉开薪酬差距,激发临床医师的积极性,增强医疗团队活力,提高绩效水平,提升医院综合实力。     

国外急诊专科医师胜任力框架及其应用概述

目的 对国外急诊专科医师胜任力要求及其应用进行比较分析,为我国开展急诊专科医师胜任力研究提供参考。方法 以美国、欧洲、加拿大和澳大利亚为研究对象,运用文献研究法检索国外相关机构官方网站和外文数据库,收集和分析各国急诊专科医师胜任力相关文献。结果 经过检索,共获得相关资料和文献1 740余篇,初筛后纳入文献136篇,复筛后最终纳入文献24篇。结论 胜任力研究已逐渐成为各国开展急诊专科医师培养的基础和关键,研究对于规范我国急诊医师培养和考核具有较强的借鉴意义。     

公立医院院长绩效考核与评价研究

目的 通过对哈尔滨市14家公立医院院长2010年工作绩效进行考核和评价,完善公立医院院长绩效评价工具和方法。方法 运用专家咨询法构建院长绩效考核评价指标体系,运用专题小组法制订评价方案,采用直接评分法对14家医院的绩效进行评价。结果 构建了包含6个关键维度、27个指标的公立医院院长绩效考核指标体系,通过绩效评价发现薄弱环节,对体系的适用性与可操作性进行验证。结论 考核体系具有良好的适用性与可操作性。     

ICU护理人员岗位胜任特征模型的构建

目的 构建ICU护理人员岗位胜任特征模型,为专科护理人员甄选、培训和绩效考核提供科学依据。方法 根据文献分析和专家咨询结果,建立ICU护理人员岗位胜任特征词典,利用行为事件访谈法对26名ICU护理人员进行访谈,采用自编问卷调查200名ICU护理人员,对各胜任特征项目重要程度进行态度评价。结果 所建立的ICU护理人员岗位胜任特征模型共包含15项鉴别胜任特征和7项基准胜任特征,归类一致性系数0.839。结论 所构建的ICU护理人员岗位胜任特征模型具有较好的信度和效度。     

基于德尔菲法的广东省医师多点执业实施框架构建

目的 构建符合广东省医疗卫生现状和特点的医师多点执业实施基本框架。方法 采用Delphi法对备选指标进行3轮专家咨询。结果 预调查和2轮咨询专家积极性系数分别为100%、96.67%、100%;专家的权威系数为0.70;正式两轮咨询一级指标权重权重比例接近,P＜0.005 ;正式两轮咨询专家一致性系数分别为0.161、0.191。结合专家对指标评价总分的排序和各指标重要性、可操作性变异系数,最终筛选25个指标。结论 从公立医院的角度,构建了一个较为科学、合理的医师多点执业实施框架。     

某大型综合医院临床科室医师配置研究

????? 目的 从目前医师承担的工作量出发,得出临床科室医师配置的理想值。方法 本研究以工作量测算法作为核心研究方法,采用自编临床科室医师工作量调查问卷作为工作量测算工具,并使用Excel、SPSS17.0统计软件对有效问卷工作量进行统计分析。结果 调研科室共展开床位3 006张,目前医师数为744人,应配医师1 091人,需增加347人;从病床医师比来看,医院当前的病床医师比手术科室为1:0.23、非手术科室为1:0.27,均未达到1978年卫生部颁布的标准1:0.30;而调研结果显示,要满足医院目前的工作量需求,手术科室的理想病床医师比为1:0.37,非手术科室为1:0.36。结论 临床科室医师人员配备亟待补充。

     

妇产科住院医师第二阶段临床技能考核分析

目的 探讨妇产科住院医师第二阶段考核方式的合理性、科学性,比较二级与三级医院、基地与非基地、不同学位层次考核结果的差异性,为科学的进行住院医师培训提供了一定的依据。方法 对参加妇产科第二阶段临床技能考核的人员及考核结果进行分析及统计学处理。结果 从考核通过率、妇科肿瘤和产科病例分析及辅助检查单项成绩比较可以看出,硕士、博士高于学士,基地高于非基地,三级医院高于二级医院。结论 妇产科住院医师第二阶段技能考核,基本覆盖北京地区的医院。普通妇科、妇科肿瘤、产科病例分析及辅助检查的考核方式有效,能够反映住院医师的临床能力水平,针对住院医师培训的薄弱环节,非基地住院医师应有选择性地进入基地进行培训。     

中医类别专科医师准入制度可行性研究

目的 探讨建立中医类别专科医师可行性及建立相关制度的建议。方法 采用整群抽样的方法对430名中医师进行中医类别专科医师准入制度可行性问卷调查,对83名中医师进行专题小组访谈。结果 实行中医类别专科医师制度可行,中医类别专科医师应有准入资质,明确了职称考试制度与建立专科医师制度的关系,明确了中医类别专科医师的培养阶段、培养内容、培训形式、培养年限、考试与考核等内容。结论 明确了中医类别专科医师的准入资质,建立符合中医师特点的专科医师培养、考试制度,先行试点,逐步推进。     

Defensive Medicine among Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Tertiary Hospitals

Objective

To describe the daily work practice under the threat of defensive medicine among obstetricians and gynecologists.

Study Design

A prospective cross-sectional survey of obstetricians and gynecologists working at tertiary medical centers in Israel.

Results

Among the 117 obstetricians and gynecologists who participated in the survey, representing 10% of the obstetricians and gynecologists registered by the Israel Medical Association, 113 (97%) felt that their daily work practice is influenced by concern about being sued for medical negligence and not only by genuine medical considerations. As a result, 102 (87%) physicians are more likely to offer the cesarean section option, even in the absence of a clear medical indication, 70 (60%) follow court rulings concerning medical practices, and 85 (73%) physicians mentioned that discussions about medical negligence court rulings are included in their departments'' meetings.

Conclusions

Defensive medicine is a well-embedded phenomenon affecting the medical decision process of obstetricians and gynecologists.     

基于探索性因子分析的输血科人员胜任力模型构建

??????? 目的 构建医院输血科室人员胜任力模型。方法 采用横断面问卷调查收集数据,采用探索性因子分析对胜任力模型内部结构进行分析。 结果 医院输血科室人员胜任力模型包含了6个公因子和24个特征指标,维度分别为：专业技能、个人特质、能力素质、防控差错、遵守规范和职业素养。结论 构建医院输血科室人员胜任力模型可以极大的丰富医院人力资源管理策略,在甄选、培训和绩效测评输血科室人员等方面具有积极的现实意义。     

The Effect of Active Learning Methodologies on the Teaching of Pharmaceutical Care in a Brazilian Pharmacy Faculty

BackgroundIn recent years, pharmacists have been involved in expanded patient care responsibilities, for example patient counseling in self-medication, medication review and pharmaceutical care, which require graduates to develop the necessary competences. Consequently, reorientation of pharmacy education has become necessary. As such, active learning strategies have been introduced into classrooms to increase problem-solving and critical thinking skills of students. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and perceptions of competency of students in a new pharmaceutical care course that uses active learning methodologies.MethodsThis pharmaceutical care course was conducted in the first semester of 2014, in the Federal University of Sergipe. In the pharmaceutical care course, active learning methods were used, consisting of dialogic classroom expository, simulation and case studies. Student learning was evaluated using classroom tests and instruments that evaluated the perception of competency in pharmaceutical care practice. Furthermore, students'' satisfaction with the course was evaluated.ResultsThirty-three students completed the four evaluations used in the course (i.e., a discursive written exam, seminars, OSCE, and virtual patient); 25 were female (75.75%), and the median age was 23.43 (SD 2.82) years. The overall mean of student scores, in all evaluation methods was 7.97 (SD 0.59) on a scale of 0 to 10 points, and student performance on the virtual patient method was statistically superior to other methods. With respect to the perception of competency in pharmaceutical care practice, a comparison of pre- and post-test scores revealed statistically significant improvement for all evaluated competences. At the end of the semester, the students presented positive opinions of the pharmaceutical care course.ConclusionsThe results suggest that an active learning course can enhance the learning of pharmaceutical care competences. In future studies it will be necessary to compare active learning to traditional methods.     

Host plant resistance to grain mould in germplasm accessions of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)

Abstract

The paucity of information on the moulds in Indian pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) led to the studies that were conducted at ICRISAT, India to evaluate (a) 447 germplasm accessions of 32 countries for mould reaction in rainy season, (b) threshed grain mould rating (TGMS) and mycoflora on grains of each accession, and (c) mould scores in field and in vitro. Post physiological maturity evaluation showed that 16% of the accessions secured a mould rating of 2. In TGMS, 18% were mould free and 57% secured a rating of 2 on a 1 – 9 scale. Assessment of twenty representative accessions in vitro against individual and mixed conidial suspensions (1 × 10⁽⁶⁾ conidia ml^(?1)) of Fusarium moniliforme, F. pallidoroseum and Curvularia pennisetti indicated significant correlation (r = 0.97) between the overall field and in vitro scores of mixed spores inoculations. The mycoflora for TGMS in blotter test revealed that Fusarium moniliforme, F. pallidoroseum, Curvularia pennisetti, Helminthosporium spp., Alternaria spp. and Colletotrichum spp. to be the major fungi affecting pearl millet grain. It is advisable to harvest panicles at the physiological maturity stage to obtain better quality grains. A strong negative correlation between TGMS and % GS (r = 0.4601) and positive correlation between TGMS and % UGS (r = 0.4654) indicated that, the lesser the threshed grain mould rating higher the % seed germination.     

Time of day effect on balance performance,functional capacities and risk of fall in women with rheumatoid arthritis

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study explored the time of day effect of balance performance, functional capacities and risk of fall in three different times in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the association between these variations and those of RA symptoms.

Methods: A “discontinual” protocol, composed of three test sessions, carried out at 6 am, 2 pm and 10 pm was set up, in order to investigate the time of day effect of balance performance, functional capacities, risk of fall, stiffness, range of motion, swollen and painful joints in women with RA.

Results: Time Up and Go Test (TUGT), Functional Reach Test (FRT) and tinetti test scores were significantly higher (p < .01) at 6 am and at 10 pm compared to 2 pm. Stiffness, range of motion, swollen and painful joints values were significantly higher (p < .01) at 6 am and at 10 pm compared to 2 pm. A significant difference was observed on the stiffness, range of motion and swollen joints values between 6 am and 10 pm that were higher at 6 am (p < .05).

Using Pearson’s coefficient, correlations were found between RA symptom values; and TUGT, FRT and Tinetti test scores.

Conclusion: Results showed a time of day effect of balance performance, functional capacities and risk of falls in women with RA. This variation indicates an alteration of performance at 6 am and 10 pm. Fluctuations of stiffness, limited range of motion, swollen and painful joints noted are concomitant to those of balance performance, functional capacities, and risk of fall.

Abbreviations: RA: rheumatoid arthritis; H&O questionnaire: Horne and Ostberg questionnaire; PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index; HAQ: health assessment questionnaire; SF-36: the short form-36; WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; TUGT: Time Up and Go Test; FRT: Functional Reach Test     

基于绩效的公立医疗机构政府补偿机制的探索

目的 剖析闵行区公立医疗机构政府补偿机制的要素与特点,为深化公立医疗机构改革提供决策参考。方法 收集和梳理政策文件,分析改革前后,政府补偿范围、补偿方式和补偿水平的变化,总结补偿机制特点。结果 改革后医疗服务和公共卫生服务经费按绩效考核结果进行补偿,基本建设和设备购置经费、政府指令性任务、学科发展、人员培养和科研教育经费的补偿标准和办法得到了明确。结论 闵行区公立医疗机构政府补偿机制以公益性为目标,以绩效考核为依据,运用了信息化工具,考虑了机构类型的差异,有利于引导医疗机构持续改进绩效,实现公益性目标。     

Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to maize chlorotic dwarf virus

Ineffective screening methods and low levels of disease resistance have hampered genetic analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) resistance to disease caused by maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV). Progeny from a cross between the highly resistant maize inbred line Oh1VI and the susceptible inbred line Va35 were evaluated for MCDV symptoms after multiple virus inoculations, using the viral vector Graminella nigrifrons. Symptom severity scores from three rating dates were used to calculate area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) scores for vein banding, leaf twist and tear, and whorl chlorosis. AUDPC scores for the F₂ population indicated that MCDV resistance was quantitatively inherited. Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of 314 F₂ individuals were compared using composite interval mapping (CIM) and analysis of variance. CIM identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 3 and 10 and two minor QTL on chromosomes 4 and 6. Resistance was additive, with alleles from Oh1VI at the loci on chromosomes 3 and 10 contributing equally to resistance.     

360度评价法在住培学员岗位胜任能力评价中

目的 运用360度评价法对2015级住培学员岗位胜任力进行评价,对2015级住培学员岗位胜任力现状进行探讨分析。方法 采用问卷调查评价表分别从专业基地主任、学员指导教师、轮转带教教师、同学、自我评价5个角度,对202名住培学员岗位胜任力进行360度反馈评价,岗位胜任力评价内容包含基本能力、职业素养、医患沟通、医学知识等8个方面核心能力;应用EpiData3.02建立数据库,采用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析,统计分析方法主要为描述性统计分析、单因素方差分析。结果 5类评价主体在基本能力和医学知识2项能力打分较高,在职业精神、沟通能力、职业道德、团队合作、学术研究等其他几项能力打分偏低;在基本能力、职业精神与素质、沟通能力、团队合作和学术研究几方面能力评分,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;本人各方面打分均偏高,轮转带教教师和同专业基地同学打分居中,专业基地主任、指导导师在各方面打分偏低 结论 360度评价法客观公正地评价住培学员岗位胜任能力,有助于提高住培学员岗位胜任能力,有利于加强团队意识,增强团队建设。     

基于头发蛋白质组学区分个人特质的方法学探究

目的 头发是一类重要的皮肤附属物,主要由角蛋白和角蛋白相关蛋白等组成。不同种族及性别样本的头发蛋白质组成和占比存在差异,且目前缺乏高效率提取头发蛋白的方法。本文探究基于定量头发蛋白质组学方法,旨在探索该方法区分不同个体的可能性。方法 以3例头发样本,对样品处理方法和裂解缓冲液进行探究,发展一种名为PLEE (PTM lab for protein extraction from hair with high efficiency)的稳定、高效的头发蛋白质提取方法,对7例人发样本,以PLEE法进行提取,结合胶内消化方法进行蛋白质组学实验,产出蛋白质组学数据,分析个体间的头发蛋白质组成及占比。结果 共鉴定274种蛋白质,共有的蛋白质107种,非共有蛋白质种类在57～119,部分样本存在独特鉴定蛋白。使用共鉴定107种蛋白质进行定量蛋白质组分析,通过聚类和主成分分析,可将各样本进行区分,且技术重复样本可聚在一起,表明流程的稳定性。另外,筛选出10个关键蛋白（KRT33A、KRTAP9-6、KRT83、KRTAP7-1、KRT32、BLMH、KRT38、KRTAP11-1、NPAS1、KRTA...     

公立医院绩效评价PATH优化模型指标体系的构建

目的 构建适用于三级公立医院的绩效评价体系,为医院开展绩效考核与管理工作提供决策参考。方法 应用文献法、个人访谈法和头脑风暴法构建评价模型和初始指标库,运用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定指标权重。结果 运用医院质量改进的绩效评价工具（The Performance Assessment Tool for Quality Improvement in Hospitals,PATH）理念构建了以病人为中心、以员工为导向、临床效率效果、运营表现、响应治理、卓越提升6个核心维度的三级公立医院绩效评价体系。结论 指标体系的可信程度较高、权威性高、具有较好的适用性。