授权在糖尿病自我管理教育中的应用进展

阐述了授权的定义及理论框架,比较了授权模式与传统教育模式的区别,介绍了以授权为基础的糖尿病自我管理教育项目的实施要点、教育方式、策略、评价指标、评价工具、效果以及医护人员和患者对授权的态度,为更好地应用授权的方法进行糖尿病自我管理教育提供理论支持.     

教学医院医患关系与医德医风评价研析

目的 调查医护人员医德自我评价和患者对医护人员医德评价。方法 对某教学医院306名患者、266名医护人员进行问卷调查,调查信息通过Epidata录入,使用SPSS13.0软件进行统计描述和分析。结果 在医护人员的服务态度、医护人员对患者需求的反应、尊重患者的知情同意权、医药费用问题、患者的信任、医患沟通等方面存在差异。结论 主要从以下几方面进行改善：完善医德医风管理制度,提高医护人员整体素质,注重对医学生医德信念的培养,转变医德医风的教育方式,提高医务人员的待遇。     

医护人员职业性伤害原因分析及防范管理对策

目的 了解医护人员职业性暴露和职业性伤害现状,分析原因,提出有效的防范管理对策。方法 整群抽取武汉市某三甲医院医护人员共792人进行问卷调查。结果 各种职业性伤害的发生率以锐器伤（49.61%）最高;各种职业性暴露的发生率以长期接触消毒灭菌剂（70.31%）最高;针刺伤发生人次占锐器伤的70.82％;针刺伤发生的原因以吸药、配药、加药和回套针帽最常见。多因素Logistic回归显示,职业性伤害与工龄、性格特征、工作紧张、经常性不规范操作、防护意识等有关。结论 医院管理层应提高对职业性伤害的重视程度,建立职业性伤害管理制度,加强职业安全教育,规范操作行为,提高防护意识和防护能力,完善防护设施,减少医护人员职业性伤害的发生。     

积极的防护意识与健全的防护体系在传染病医院内的影响与效应

目的:通过提高防护意识和进一步完善防护体系实现对传染病医院的全面管理.方法:随机将我院2009年3月至2011年11月的两个病区患者及医护人员作为研究对象,向所有患者发放调查表对政策调整前后的满意程度进行调查,通过针对医护人员防护意识的强化教育和医院设施及防护体系的调整与完善以评估对患者住院期间的临床效应与影响.结果:全院上下的积极防护意识普遍增强并完善健全了防护体系,从而显著降低了感染率,患者满意度反馈良好.结论:通过提高医护人员防护意识和健全医院防护体系有助于进一步减少院内感染,提高医院医疗质量和服务水平.     

条件反射的教学实验

条件反射的教学实验的教育意义,是在于使学生习惯于系统的、细致的、初步的工作。它们帮助教师以巴甫洛夫在其对苏联青年的遗嘱中所谆谆告诫的那些道德品质来教育学生。巴甫洛夫提示我们青年说,只有热情而津津有味地工作,才能保证在任何工作中取得成就。任何工作都不是轻而易举的。教学实验也不是学生所能轻易掌握的。它要求从事实验的学生花费许多时间和寄予莫大的关怀。必须准备适当的饲料,使动物保持清洁和     

化疗期乳腺癌患者情绪状态及其影响因素的调查研究

目的:调查化疗期乳腺癌患者的抑郁及焦虑情绪状态,探讨情绪状态的影响因素,促使医护人员更好的了解化疗期乳腺癌患者的情绪状态,以便更好的提供相应的护理与治疗。方法:采用自行设计的调查问卷,对2012年7~12月住院的97名化疗期乳腺癌患者进行调查,内容包括一般人口学资料、医院焦虑抑郁量表及状态-特质焦虑问卷。结果:化疗期乳腺癌患者的抑郁得分为(4.79±4.23)分,特质焦虑得分为(41.70±11.81)分,状态焦虑得分为(40.61±12.11)分,其影响因素包括教育水平和家庭人均月收入,Pearson相关分析得出特质焦虑、状态焦虑与抑郁之间存在正相关。结论:化疗期乳腺癌患者焦虑与抑郁处于较高水平,教育水平越高、家庭人均月收入越高的患者其焦虑、抑郁程度越低。医护人员可以通过对化疗期乳腺癌患者进行相应的心理疏导以减轻负性情绪的产生,以促进和保持治疗的顺利进行与疾病的转归。     

从医护人员手带菌情况谈防止院内感染

调查我区３００名医护人员手带菌情况,发现医生手的合格率为４７．２２％,护士手的合格率为６６．４６％,说明我区医护人员的污染情况是比较严重的。讨论了医护人员手的污染产生原因春对造成院内交叉感染的影响,提出用肥皂加流水洗手的方法是有效的,要求医护人员在进行每项操作前后要进行认真有效的洗手,加强医护人员的无菌观念和慎独修养,定期进行手的细菌检测,以预防院内感染。     

湖北省公立医院医护人员薪酬制度调查分析

目的 分析湖北省公立医院医护人员薪酬制度问题,提出解决策略。方法 以湖北省12家公立医院的1 155名医护人员为调查对象,利用描述性统计与χ²检验等方法对数据进行统计分析。结果 湖北省公立医院医护人员薪酬与市场价值背离;半数左右的医护人员认为薪酬制度不科学、不满意当前收入。结论 当前湖北省公立医院医护人员薪酬制度在一定程度上并不科学。     

传递教育正能量的探索

青年学生的科学发展需要积极、健康、乐观、向上的正能量,通过课堂教学、网络平台、主题教育、班级管理等途径传递教育正能量,排除负面因素对学生的影响,有重要的现实意义。     

黑龙江省20家三级综合医院急诊科现状调查与分析

目的 了解黑龙江省三级综合医院急诊科现状。方法 以黑龙江省7个城市20家三级综合医院为调查对象,对2010-2012年的数据进行统计分析。结果 医护比例不均衡,护理人员与医生学历差距较大,医护人员工作负荷过重;医护人员急救技能掌握良好;分诊流程不合理,分级标准掌握不熟练。结论 应加强医护队伍建设,减轻医护负荷;提高医护人员急救技能,规范分诊标准,培养专职分诊医护人员。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.