基于聚集度的我国城乡卫生人力资源规划评价

目的 对我国城乡卫生人力资源的数量、种类及分布进行评价,为缩小城乡差距、改善卫生人力资源可及性等问题提供参考依据。方法 基于集聚度的概念对卫生人力资源进行评价,分析不同区域间城乡卫生人力资源集聚度。结果 （1）城市卫生人力集聚度明显高于农村,农村卫生人力资源集聚度普遍小于1,反映出城乡卫生人力资源地理可及性差异明显;（2）城市部分地区卫生人力集聚度明显大于人口集聚度,而农村卫生人力集聚度普遍与人口集聚度接近,城市集聚的卫生人力资源相对过剩;（3）医师和护士在城乡间的分布明显不均衡,尤其是护士集聚度城市明显高于农村。结论 为促进我国卫生人力资源配置的合理性,应进一步提高农村卫生人力资源可及性,改善护理人员在城乡间分布的合理性,并科学设置资源配置标准,促进我国卫生人力资源布局的公平性。     

基于集聚度的我国中医药卫生资源配置公平性分析

目的 对我国中医药卫生资源配置情况及变化趋势进行分析。方法 运用集聚度研究我国中医药卫生资源配置情况,分析不同区域中医药卫生资源集聚度的变化趋势。结果 我国中医药卫生资源配置的区域差异性大,且按地理和人口配置的卫生资源公平性有待进一步提高和优化。结论 提高中医药卫生资源可及性,满足不同区域人群的多样化中医药卫生服务需求。     

基于集聚度的河南省卫生人力资源公平性评价

目的 描述分析河南省区域之间卫生人力资源分布差异和公平性,为政府优化配置卫生资源提供政策依据和参考。方法 收集2010—2014年河南省卫生人力资源的相关数据,运用集聚度的方法计算不同经济发展程度区域的卫生资源集聚度,分析河南省卫生人力资源配置的人口和地理公平性。 结果 河南省卫生人力资源的地理可及性整体较好,但卫生人力资源的分布不合理,各区域间差距明显;医师、护士公平性差距明显,护士的分化程度高于医生。结论 目前河南省不同经济发展区域的卫生人力资源配置方面存在明显差距,政府需充分整合卫生人力资源,寻求和建立不同经济区域卫生人力资源管理工作模式,促进全省范围内卫生人力资源的平衡。     

基于资源异质性的四川省医师资源公平性研究

目的 基于医师资源异质性假设对2008—2014年四川省医师资源配置公平性进行探讨研究,为进一步优化医师资源配置提供参考。方法 在对医师数量调整的基础上,运用基尼系数和密度指数从人口、地理和经济3个维度评价医师资源配置的公平性。结果 基层医疗机构医师占比逐年下降;四川省卫生资源密度指数高于全国;调整后,按人口和按地理分布的基尼系数值均变大,表明医师素质差异会影响医师资源配置的人口和地理公平性;而受经济分布的影响较小。结论 在医师资源配置中需考虑医师的素质差异,同时兼顾地理和经济因素。     

我国民营医院发展现状集聚度评价

目的 对我国各地区民营医院的发展现状进行评价，为推动民营医院发展、民营医疗产业集聚的形成提供参考依据。方法 基于卫生资源集聚度的评价方法，分析我国各地区民营医院集聚度，以及与人口、经济和公立医院集聚度的相关性。结果 （1）经济集聚度较人口集聚度与民营医院集聚度的相关性更大。（2）我国少数地区民营医院集聚度与公立医院集聚度接近，绝大部分地区民营医院集聚度较低、规模偏小。（3）我国民营医院市场中综合医院比重较大，专科医院在经济发达地区集聚度较高。结论 民营医疗产业集聚速度缓慢、规模偏小，亟需政府积极引导，加快民营医疗产业集聚，发挥市场有效配置卫生资源的作用。     

“十二五”末我国公立医院数量与规模配置评价

目的 对“十二五”中期我国公立医院数量与规模配置水平进行评价，为引导医疗资源合理配置和布局提供参考依据。方法 基于卫生资源集聚度的评价方法，分析我国各地区公立医院和床位的集聚度。结果 我国公立医院和床位集聚度普遍大于1，只有人口稀疏地区小于1，地理可及性较差。人口密集地区公立医院集聚度相对人口集聚度较低，床位集聚度则明显较高，公立医院规模过大，卫生资源集聚水平过高。结论 我国区域间公立医院数量、规模集聚度不平衡依然突出，公立医院规模扩张现象在人口密集地区较为严峻。     

我国城乡地区卫生人力资源分布的公平性分析

目的:了解我国卫生人力资源的配置现状及其变化趋势,尤其是卫生人力资源在城乡地区的分布状况,评价我国城乡卫生人力资源配置的公平性。方法:对2004-2011年的相关数据进行统计描述,用基尼系数测量卫生资源配置的公平程度及其变化。结果:农村地区卫生人力资源在数量上仍然处于极大的劣势,卫生人力构成以中专为主,中专及以下学历人员占大多数,人员素质相对城市有较大差距,提供卫生服务的能力相对薄弱。我国2004年到2011年我国卫生人力资源量逐年增加,各项指标较2004年的增幅都达到了10%以上,每千人口卫生技术人员数稳步上升,但是城镇和乡村上升速度相差巨大。卫生人力资源基尼系数按地理分布在0.13~0.25之间,连续5年一直上升。结论:我国卫生人力资源配置总体上均衡,但是公平性在下降,医师的公平性优于护士,城乡差距较大,应该重点加强农村经济发展,改善医疗卫生条件,建立健全农村卫生人才队伍培养机制。     

某省乙类大型医用设备配置的公平性分析

目的 以2009年和2014年为时间点,分析我国某省乙类大型医用设备配置的公平性，为乙类大型医用设备配置提供参考依据。方法 根据某省乙类大型医用设备统计报表以及统计年鉴的相关数据进行整理分析,从人口分布的角度绘制洛伦兹曲线并计算基尼系数，从而了解该省乙类大型医用设备配置公平性的现状及存在的问题。结果 2009年后该省乙类大型医用设备配置公平性整体水平有所改善。乙类大型医疗设备中的CT和MRI实现了卫生资源配置的最佳状态，DSA的配置状况比较合理，而SPECT和LA处在配置公平性的警戒状态。结论 由于设备本身的特殊性，还需要根据具体情况对不同设备的配置进行调整，以提高该省乙类大型医用设备配置公平性的整体水平。     

广西壮族自治区县级医疗卫生资源配置的公平性研究

目的 对广西县级医疗卫生资源配置的公平性进行分析。方法 采用洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数等方法,从人口和地理分布对广西91个县域医疗卫生资源(床位、卫生技术人员、医生)的配置公平性进行分析。结果 广西县级医疗卫生资源中床位、卫生技术人员、医生按人口分布的基尼系数分别为0.230 3、0.239 6、0.250 4,按地理分布的基尼系数分别为0.346 1、0.353 4、
0.352 3。结论 广西县级医疗卫生资源配置的公平性较好,其中人口分布优于地理分布,床位分布优于卫生人力资源分布。广西县级医疗卫生资源配置的公平性低于广西总体水平,但优于城区医疗卫生资源的配置。应进一步加大县级医疗卫生资源的投入,不断缩小城乡差距,提高县级医疗卫生资源在人口和地理配置的公平性。     

浙江省卫生人力资源配置现状及公平性研究

目的　评价2012年浙江省卫生人力资源配置现状及公平性,为区域卫生规划提供实证依据。方法　采用统计描述、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数等方法来评价。结果　浙江省每千人口卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师、注册护士数高于全国平均水平,但医护比与护士占卫技人员的百分比低于全国平均水准,医护比例倒置, 地域性差异显著,人口公平性优于地理公平性。结论　浙江省卫生人力资源配置总体上处于相对公平状态,但结构亟待改善,地理公平性需引起重视。     

埃博拉诊疗中心病区突发事件应急处置预案及其应用

为提高我国援利医疗队医护人员对埃博拉诊疗中心（ETU）病区内突发事件的应急处置能力,对利比里亚多家已投入运行的ETU病房进行实地调研。围绕晕倒、锐器刺伤、意外跌倒、护理相关性损伤、病人逃离等发生频率较高的突发事件,研究建立了中国ETU病区突发事件应急处置预案。经过一段时间的运行,突发事件得到有效控制,处置过程未发生感染暴露事件。文章介绍的中国ETU病区突发事件应急处置预案与实践经验,可为国内外烈性传染病防治过程中病区突发事件的预防和处置提供参考借鉴。     

基层医疗机构人才队伍建设的探讨

??????? 在医改中硬件是基础,软件是根本,基层医疗机构人才队伍建设问题至关重要,本文就如何吸引毕业生下沉到基层、如何提升基层现存医疗队伍的技术水平提出建议,并为如何实现2020年培养30万名全科医生的总体目标,提出利用社会融资方法培养农村全科医生的构想。     

International conference on “Photosynthesis research for sustainability-2013: in honor of Jalal A. Aliyev”, held during June 5–9, 2013, Baku, Azerbaijan

In this brief report, we provide a pictorial essay on an international conference “Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability-2013 in honor of Jalal A. Aliyev” that was held in Baku, Azerbaijan, during June 5–9, 2013 (http://photosynthesis2013.cellreg.org/). We begin this report with a brief note on Jalal Aliyev, the honored scientist, and on John Walker (1997 Nobel laureate in Chemistry) who was a distinguished guest and lecturer at the Conference. We briefly describe the Conference, and the program. In addition to the excellent scientific program, a special feature of the Conference was the presentation of awards to nine outstanding young investigators; they are recognized in this report. We have also included several photographs to show the pleasant ambience at this conference. (See http://photosynthesis2013.cellreg.org/Photo-Gallery.php; https://www.dropbox.com/sh/qcr124dajwffwh6/TlcHBvFu4H?m; and https://www.copy.com/s/UDlxb9fgFXG9/Baku for more photographs taken by the authors as well as by others.) We invite the readers to the next conferences on “Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability—2014: in honor of Vladimir A. Shuvalov” to be held during June 2–7, 2014, in Pushchino, Russia. Detailed information for this will be posted at the Website: http://photosynthesis2014.cellreg.org/, and for the subsequent conference on “Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability—2015” to be held in May or June 2015, in Baku, Azerbaijan, at http://photosynthesis2015.cellreg.org/.     

Aquatic vascular plants in Japanese lakes

This data paper describes the native vascular aquatic plant floras of 268 Japanese lakes recorded from 1899–2011. The data were compiled from 201 literature sources, most of which were written in Japanese and published in local journals or individual reports rather than in major scientific journals. The literature was searched using web-based services (i.e., Google Scholar, http://scholar.google.com/; CiNii, http://ci.nii.ac.jp/en; JDreamII, http://pr.jst.go.jp/jdream2/; and ISI, http://apps.webofknowledge.com) and by private communication with experts or local governments. Scientific names were consolidated under currently-accepted nomenclature. Four datasets, FloraDB, LakeDB, SpeciesDB, and LiteratureDB, were created to include records of the flora of each lake in each year, the names and locations of the lakes, the scientific names and synonyms of the aquatic vascular plants, and a literature list, respectively. These data can be used to study long-term changes in the species composition and/or richness of aquatic plants in Japanese lakes.     

A novel deconvolution method for modeling UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthetic pathways based on 13C mass isotopologue profiles under non-steady-state conditions

This article is a response to Wang and Luo. See correspondence article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/10/30/ [WEBCITE] and the original research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/9/24 [WEBCITE].     

Open Labware: 3-D Printing Your Own Lab Equipment

The introduction of affordable, consumer-oriented 3-D printers is a milestone in the current “maker movement,” which has been heralded as the next industrial revolution. Combined with free and open sharing of detailed design blueprints and accessible development tools, rapid prototypes of complex products can now be assembled in one’s own garage—a game-changer reminiscent of the early days of personal computing. At the same time, 3-D printing has also allowed the scientific and engineering community to build the “little things” that help a lab get up and running much faster and easier than ever before.Applications of 3-D printing technologies (Fig. 1A, Box 1) have become as diverse as the types of materials that can be used for printing. Replacement parts at the International Space Station may be printed in orbit from durable plastics or metals, while back on Earth the food industry is starting to explore the same basic technology to fold strings of chocolate into custom-shaped confectionary. Also, consumer-oriented laser-cutting technology makes it very easy to cut raw materials such as sheets of plywood, acrylic, or aluminum into complex shapes within seconds. The range of possibilities comes to light when those mechanical parts are combined with off-the-shelf electronics, low-cost microcontrollers like Arduino boards [1], and single-board computers such as a Beagleboard [2] or a Raspberry Pi [3]. After an initial investment of typically less than a thousand dollars (e.g., to set-up a 3-D printer), the only other materials needed to build virtually anything include a few hundred grams of plastic (approximately US$30/kg), cables, and basic electronic components [4,5].Open in a separate windowFig 1Examples of open 3-D printed laboratory tools. A ₁, Components for laboratory tools, such as the base for a micromanipulator [18] shown here, can be rapidly prototyped using 3-D printing. A _2, The printed parts can be easily combined with an off-the-shelf continuous rotation servo-motor (bottom) to motorize the main axis. B ₁, A 3-D printable micropipette [8], designed in OpenSCAD [19], shown in full (left) and cross-section (right). B ₂, The pipette consists of the printed parts (blue), two biro fillings with the spring, an off-the-shelf piece of tubing to fit the tip, and one screw used as a spacer. B ₃, Assembly is complete with a laboratory glove or balloon spanned between the two main printed parts and sealed with tape to create an airtight bottom chamber continuous with the pipette tip. Accuracy is ±2–10 μl depending on printer precision, and total capacity of the system is easily adjusted using two variables listed in the source code, or accessed via the “Customizer” plugin on the thingiverse link [8]. See also the first table.

Box 1. Glossary

Open source

A collective license that defines terms of free availability and redistribution of published source material. Terms include free and unrestricted distribution, as well as full access to source code/blueprints/circuit board designs and derived works. For details, see http://opensource.org.

Maker movement

Technology-oriented extension of the traditional “Do-it-Yourself (DIY)” movement, typically denoting specific pursuits in electronics, CNC (computer numerical control) tools such as mills and laser cutters, as well as 3-D printing and related technologies.

3-D printing

Technology to generate three-dimensional objects from raw materials based on computer models. Most consumer-oriented 3-D printers print in plastic by locally melting a strand of raw material at the tip (“hot-end”) and “drawing” a 3-D object in layers. Plastic materials include Acrylnitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and Polylactic acid (PLA). Many variations of 3-D printers exist, including those based on laser-polymerization or fusion of resins or powdered raw materials (e.g., metal or ceramic printers).

Arduino boards

Inexpensive and consumer-oriented microcontroller boards built around simple processors. These boards offer a variety of interfaces (serial ports, I2C and CAN bus, etc.), μs-timers, and multiple general-purpose input-output (GPIO) pins suitable for running simple, time-precise programs to control custom-built electronics.

Single board computers

Inexpensive single-board computers capable of running a mature operating system with graphical-user interface, such as Linux. Like microcontroller boards, they offer a variety of hardware interfaces and GPIO pins to control custom-built electronics.It therefore comes as no surprise that these technologies are also routinely used by research scientists and, especially, educators aiming to customize existing lab equipment or even build sophisticated lab equipment from scratch for a mere fraction of what commercial alternatives cost [6]. Designs for such “Open Labware” include simple mechanical adaptors [7], micropipettes (Fig. 1B) [8], and an egg-whisk–based centrifuge [9] as well as more sophisticated equipment such as an extracellular amplifier for neurophysiological experiments [10], a thermocycler for PCR [11], or a two-photon microscope [12]. At the same time, conceptually related approaches are also being pursued in chemistry [13–15] and material sciences [16,17]. See also

A database for human Y chromosome protein data

The human Y chromosome is the sex determining chromosome. The number of proteins associated with this chromosome is 196 and 107 of the 196 proteins have yet not been characterised. Here, we describe the analysis of these 107 proteins by computing various physicochemical properties using sequence and predicted structural data to elucidate molecular function. We present the derived data in the form a form a database made freely available for download, review, refinement and update.

Availability

http://puratham.googlepages.com/ or http://puratham.googlepages.com/ftpconnection     

29 Accelerating nucleic acid design using pre-selected sequences

Nanoscale nucleic acids could potentially be designed to be catalysts, pharmaceuticals, or probes for detecting pathogens. We hypothesize that designing nucleic acid molecules from pre-selected sequences, rather than from random sequences, would increase the speed of designing large molecules and also increase the accuracy of design. Helices should be formed in the optimal folding free energy change range, have maximal structure probability, and minimal ensemble defect. Loops should be composed of sequences with the lowest ensemble free energy change. All sequences should have low tendency to cross- and self-hybridize. These features are observed in RNA sequences with known structure.We demonstrate that preselected sequences and accelerate the design of structures that are mimics of biologically relevant structures. This is implemented as a new structure design component of RNAstructure (http://rna.urmc.rochester.edu/RNAstructure.html). This work is a collaboration with Celadon Laboratories, Inc. (http://www.celadonlabs.com/).     

FORMIDABEL: The Belgian Ants Database

FORMIDABEL is a database of Belgian Ants containing more than 27.000 occurrence records. These records originate from collections, field sampling and literature. The database gives information on 76 native and 9 introduced ant species found in Belgium. The collection records originated mainly from the ants collection in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), the ‘Gaspar’ Ants collection in Gembloux and the zoological collection of the University of Liège (ULG). The oldest occurrences date back from May 1866, the most recent refer to August 2012. FORMIDABEL is a work in progress and the database is updated twice a year.The latest version of the dataset is publicly and freely accessible through this url: http://ipt.biodiversity.be/resource.do?r=formidabel. The dataset is also retrievable via the GBIF data portal through this link: http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/14697A dedicated geo-portal, developed by the Belgian Biodiversity Platform is accessible at: http://www.formicidae-atlas.bePurpose: FORMIDABEL is a joint cooperation of the Flemish ants working group “Polyergus” (http://formicidae.be) and the Wallonian ants working group “FourmisWalBru” (http://fourmiswalbru.be). The original database was created in 2002 in the context of the preliminary red data book of Flemish Ants (Dekoninck et al. 2003). Later, in 2005, data from the Southern part of Belgium; Wallonia and Brussels were added. In 2012 this dataset was again updated for the creation of the first Belgian Ants Atlas (Figure 1) (Dekoninck et al. 2012). The main purpose of this atlas was to generate maps for all outdoor-living ant species in Belgium using an overlay of the standard Belgian ecoregions. By using this overlay for most species, we can discern a clear and often restricted distribution pattern in Belgium, mainly based on vegetation and soil types.Open in a separate windowFigure 1.www.formicidae-atlas.be