谈多媒体课件的制作

随着以计算机为基础的现代教育技术的网络化和多媒体化,人们越来越重视应用这一技术去实现指导思想、教学模式和教学方法的改革。问题解决式学习是认识领域学习的最高阶段,它对于开发学生的创造力,培养学生分析和解决问题的能力具有重要意义。本文以现代教育和计算机软件理论为依据,以《果实和种子的形成》为例来介绍生物多媒体课件的制作过程。     

利用方正奥思设计和制作基础护理多媒体课件的研究

通过总结护理多媒体课件制作的实践经验,介绍如何利用方正奥思制作护理多媒体课件,并对课件的制作工具、设计思想、制作技巧、设计方法与过程做了详细介绍。笔者利用奥思制作的多媒体课件应用于护理学生的教学,取得了良好的教学效果。     

利用多媒体优化生物课堂教学

多媒体技术在呈现教学内容,创设教学情境,调动学生的多种感官功能,使学生的学习更加直观、形象、生动方面有其独到的作用。多媒体技术还可以使一些在普通条件下难以实现、观察到的过程形象化地显示出来。因此,在生物课堂教学中运用多媒体技术可以丰富我们的生物课堂,活跃课堂气氛,加深巩固教学内容,使学生感受到学习的喜悦,寓学于乐,提高教学效率。     

计算机仿真软件在二氧化碳与水的反应的实验应用

利用传统黑板教学方法与应用多媒体仿真软件教学对比,得出多媒体教学的优越性与一般实验的可替代性的结论。     

多媒体课件制作等其它应用与生物教学

随着计算机技术被广泛应用到各个领域,在教育中的重要作用引起了教师们的重视,而生物学科的特点决定了更适合采用多媒体教学,它可以极大的丰富学生的各种感官认识,改善和培养学生的形象思维能力。     

利用MapInfo制作、展示生物学图片

Map Info软件在计算机、测绘、地理信息和气象乃至军事领域应用较多 ,而在生物学界却绝少使用或被提及 ,至今只见到关于地域分布的生物种群方面的报道。最近我们尝试使用 Map Info来进行生物学作图及其他方面的展示 ,结果较好 ,本文介绍我们的工作以及进一步的设想 ,以期与同行探讨。1　 Map Info的主要特点Map Info,是 GIS(Geographic Information System,中文名应为“地理信息系统”)中影响力较大的一种 ,它是反映人们赖以生存的现实世界 (资源或环境 )的现势与变迁的各类空间数据及描述这些空间数据特征的属性 ,在计算机软件和硬件…     

多媒体投影仪在光合作用实验中的巧妙应用

通过多媒体投影仪在“环境因素对光合作用强度的影响”实验中的应用。简单直观而且有效地解决教师在实际教学中遇到的问题。     

“微生物学实验多媒体试卷”的设计制作、应用及效果

本文从提高学生的基本操作技能出发, 针对微生物学实验技术与方法的特点, 创造性地采用一种新的微生物学实验考试方式——微生物学实验多媒体试卷, 在我校生物技术、生物科学专业两届学生中进行了微生物学实验考试。分析两届学生实验考试成绩和理论考试成绩, 结果表明实验与理论成绩的不协调或不一致有所改善, 学生对实验更加重视, 实验操作更加认真和 准确。     

浅谈利用多媒体进行生物教学设计

生物新课程标准带来了许多全新的教学理念,面对新课程、新理念、新教材,如何组织和开展生物教学,是摆在生物教育工作者面前必须思考、研究和解决的紧迫问题。教学设计是连接教学理念和教学实践的桥梁,它既是教学理念的载体又是教学实践的依据,在教学过程中起着重要作用。     

茶树病虫害多媒体数据库的开发研究

本介绍了应用Ｖｉｓｕａｌ ｆｏｘｐｒｏ６．０语言、结合我我媒体技术开发茶树病虫害数据库的结果。该数据库包括：４２种茶树害虫和２１种茶树病害的鉴别、咨询知识库,主要病虫的测报、防治决策专家系统,常用农药知识库及系统维护等模块,是一种查询简便、计算的茶树病虫计算机决策系统。     

Data and animal management software for large-scale phenotype screening

The mouse N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis program at the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) uses MouseTRACS to analyze phenotype screens and manage animal husbandry. MouseTRACS is a Web-based laboratory informatics system that electronically records and organizes mouse colony operations, prints cage cards, tracks inventory, manages requests, and reports Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol usage. For efficient phenotype screening, MouseTRACS identifies mutants, visualizes data, and maps mutations. It displays and integrates phenotype and genotype data using likelihood odds ratio (LOD) plots of genetic linkage between genotype and phenotype. More detailed mapping intervals show individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the context of phenotype. In addition, dynamically generated pedigree diagrams and inventory reports linked to screening results summarize the inheritance pattern and the degree of penetrance. MouseTRACS displays screening data in tables and uses standard charts such as box plots, histograms, scatter plots, and customized charts looking at clustered mice or cross pedigree comparisons. In summary, MouseTRACS enables the efficient screening, analysis, and management of thousands of animals to find mutant mice and identify novel gene functions. MouseTRACS is available under an open source license at . Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic Supplementary material is available for this article at and accessible for authorised users.     

How our view of animal phylogeny was reshaped by molecular approaches: lessons learned

In the late 1980s, researchers began applying molecular sequencing tools to questions of deep animal phylogeny. These advances in sequencing were accompanied with improvements in computation and phylogenetic methods, and served to significantly reshape our understanding of metazoan evolution. Prior to this time, researchers asserted phylogenetic hypotheses based on their experience with taxa and to some degree, their authority. Molecular phylogenetic tools provided discrete methods and objective characters for reconstructing phylogeny. Nonetheless, major changes to widely accepted views, such as animal phylogeny, take time to be accepted. Development and acceptance of our current understanding of animal evolution occurred in three main phases: initial hypotheses based on 18S data, confirmation with additional molecular markers, and continued refinement with phylogenomics. With the advent of ideas such as Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa, flaws in the traditional view became apparent. We now understand that complex morphological and embryological features (e.g., segmentation, coelom formation, development of body cavities) are much more evolutionarily plastic than previously recognized. Here, I explore how the transition from the traditional to the modern phylogenetic understanding of animal phylogeny occurred and examine some implications of this change in understanding. As the field moves forward, the utility of morphological and embryological characters for reconstruction of deep animal phylogeny should be discouraged. Instead, these characters should be interpreted in the light of independent phylogeny.     

Hypatia-trackRadar: A software for animal tracking using marine surveillance radars

Hypatia-trackRadar is a Java standalone application designed to help biologists extract and process bird movement data from marine surveillance radars. This application integrates simultaneous collection of radar data and field observations by allowing the user to link information gathered from visual observers (such as bird species and flock size) to the radar echoes. A virtual transparent sheet positioned on the radar screen allows the user to visually follow and track the echoes on the radar screen. The application translates the position of the echoes on the screen in a metric coordinate system. Based on time and spatial position of the echoes the software automatically calculates multiple flight parameters, such as ground speed, track length and duration. We validated Hypatia-trackRadar using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Here we present the features of this application software and its first use in a real case study in a raptor migration bottle-neck.     

Immunology of fungal infections: lessons learned from animal models

The continuing AIDS epidemic coupled with increased usage of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection or treat autoimmune diseases has resulted in an increase in individuals at risk for acquiring fungal diseases. These concerns highlight the need to elucidate mechanisms of inducing protective immune responses against fungal pathogens. Consequently, several experimental models of human mycoses have been developed to study these diseases. The availability of transgenic animal models allows for in-depth analysis of specific components, receptors, and signaling pathways that elicit protection against fungal diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of immune responses to fungal infections gained using animal models.     

Effector T cells in rheumatoid arthritis: lessons from animal models

The development of an immune response to self antigens drives naive T cells to differentiate into subsets of CD8(+) and CD4(+) effector cells including T(H)1, T(H)2, cells and the more recently described T(H)17, and regulatory T cells (T(reg)). Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that engages an uncontrolled influx of inflammatory cells to the joints, eventually leading to joint damage. The role that effector T cells play in the local or systemic maintenance of, or protection against, inflammation and subsequent joint damage is now becoming better understoodthrough the use of animal models. In this review, we will explore the different animal models of RA, and their contribution to elucidating the role that effector T cells play in the regulation, induction, and maintenance of inflammatory joint disease. This understanding will aid in the design of more effective therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders.     

Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: lessons from animal studies

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by articular and extra-articular manifestations involving cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which account for 30% to 50% of all deaths. In patients with RA, atherosclerosis lesions occur earlier and have a more rapid evolution than in the general population. Beyond mortality, the impact of CVD on quality of life, combined with the associated increase in health-care costs, renders CVD in RA a major public health problem. Recent studies showed that patients with RA are characterized by the presence of endothelial dysfunction (ED), which is recognized as a key event in the development of atherosclerosis. By definition, ED is a functional and reversible alteration of endothelial cells, leading to a shift of the actions of the endothelium toward reduced vasodilation, proinflammatory state and proliferative and prothrombotic properties. Although the improvement of endothelial function is becoming an important element of the global management of patients with RA, the mechanistic determinants of ED in RA are still poorly understood. Animal models of RA provide the unique opportunity to unravel the pathophysiological features of ED in RA. The present review summarizes the available data on mechanisms underlying ED in animal models of RA and proposes attractive prospects in order to discover novel therapeutic strategies of RA-associated ED.     

Gene therapy for lysosomal storage diseases: the lessons and promise of animal models

There are more than 40 different forms of inherited lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) known to occur in humans and the aggregate incidence has been estimated to approach 1 in 7000 live births. Most LSDs are associated with high morbidity and mortality and represent a significant burden on patients, their families, and health care providers. Except for symptomatic therapies, many LSDs remain untreatable, and gene therapy is among the only viable treatment options potentially available. Therapies for some LSDs do exist, or are under evaluation, including heterologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), and substrate reduction therapy (SRT), but these treatment options are associated with significant concerns, including high morbidity and mortality (BMT), limited positive outcomes (BMT), incomplete response to therapy (BMT, ERT, and SRT), life-long therapy (ERT, SRT), and cost (BMT, ERT, SRT). Gene therapy represents a potential alternative therapy, albeit a therapy with its own attendant concerns. Animal models of LSDs play a critical role in evaluating the efficacy and safety of therapy for many of these conditions. Naturally occurring animal homologs of LSDs have been described in the mouse, rat, dog, cat, guinea pig, emu, quail, goat, cattle, sheep, and pig. In this review we discuss those animal models that have been used in gene therapy experiments and those with promise for future evaluations.