一株高产淀粉酶的解淀粉芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及其产酶条件优化

目的从土壤中分离产淀粉酶相对较高的菌株,并对其产酶条件进行优化,以期获得更经济、易得的高活力淀粉酶。方法用平板稀释涂布法分别从温州及其周边地区多个淀粉含量高的土壤、污水中采集的样品中筛选产淀粉酶菌株,通过菌落形态、生理生化反应和16S rDNA序列比对对菌株进行鉴定;并从碳源、氮源、离子浓度及紫外诱变等产酶条件对高产淀粉酶菌株进行优化;利用碘-淀粉法等对粗酶液酶学性质进行初步研究。结果从采集到的26个样品中共筛选到19株酶活较高、产酶稳定的野生型菌株。其中编号为Z19的菌株酶活最高,达到351.78 U/mL。经形态和生理生化鉴定,结合16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌。对菌株Z19的液体发酵条件研究表明,最佳条件为玉米粉1.0%,明胶1.5%,淀粉含量0.5%,NaCl 0.5%,pH7.0,发酵温度37℃,72 h,酶活达到1 360.92 U/mL;在固体培养基上,直接用麸皮,接种量为0.1%,含水量为60%,pH7.0,120 h时,酶活达到1 504.2 U/mL。其最适酶反应pH为6.5,反应温度55~60℃,底物浓度为0.5%。结论从土壤中分离得到了产淀粉酶相对较高的解淀粉芽胞杆菌Z19菌株,产酶条件适用于工业生产,具有一定的应用前景。     

产生二羧酸的耐高温酵母菌的研究

野生株热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)1230能在40℃生长,而其产二羧酸的突变株U3-21则不能在这样高的温度下生长和产酸。用高温(40℃)直接处理的方法从突变株U3-21．获得能在该温度下产酸的耐高温株,其机率为亿分之三。这些菌株在高温下的产酸能力绝大多数相近,经筛选获得在40℃产酸为3％以上的耐高温株MHT39-90该菌株经室温转接保存三年,高温产酸性能稳定。     

L-异亮氨酸产生菌的选育

以黄色短杆菌BF420为出发菌株,经紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变处理后,单菌落分离筛选到一株营养缺陷型突变菌株BF35(Lys-).进一步采用氨基酸结构类似物S-2-氨基乙基-L-半胱氨酸(AEC)、α-氨基丁酸(α-AB)进行抗性筛选,获得一株带有遗传标记的L-异亮氨酸高产突变株BF3510(Lys-+AECr +a-ABr).该菌株在培养基未优化的条件下摇瓶产酸量为6.4g·L-1,比出发菌株增加了83％.     

油樟内生溶磷菌的筛选及其生物学特性

筛选具有溶磷能力的植物内生细菌,并探索该类菌的促生和抗逆性能,有助于扩大溶磷微生物来源、研发微生物肥料、改善土壤磷素营养和提高农业产量。该研究以从油樟组织中分离得到的50株内生细菌为材料,通过溶磷圈法初筛得到24株具有溶磷潜能的菌株,利用钼蓝比色法测定它们的溶磷能力和培养液的pH值,并研究溶磷能力较强菌株产生吲哚乙酸( IAA)、铁载体、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸( ACC)脱氨酶、几丁质酶等促生和抗逆性能。结果表明：24株油樟内生细菌都能从磷酸钙中释放出有效磷(溶磷量为51.26~237.08μg·mL-1),其中,YG60、YG43、YG36、YG25、YG49、YG44株菌的溶磷量较高,均大于150μg·mL-1。接种油樟内生菌后,培养液的pH值均有一定程度的降低,但菌株溶磷量与培养液pH值间不存在显著相关性。6株溶磷量大于150μg · mL-1的菌株大部分具有分泌IAA、产铁载体、ACC脱氨酶活性和几丁质酶活性的能力;其中YG43、YG60和YG25分泌IAA的能力较强(IAA分泌量分别为22.55、18.75和16.41μg·mL-1),YG43和YG60产铁载体的能力较强(As/Ar小于0.6),YG43、YG60和YG25的ACC脱氨酶活性(分别为0.194、0.224、0.208 U·mg-1)较高,YG43和YG60的几丁质酶活性(分别为2.968 U和2.502 U)较高。综合菌株的溶磷、促生和抗逆性能,认为YG43、YG60和YG25菌株在促进植物生长、提高植物抗性及生物防治方面具有较好的应用前景。     

产木质纤维素降解酶真菌的筛选及产酶特性

【背景】利用微生物处理秸秆引起研究者的广泛关注。【目的】筛选生长速度快、木质纤维素降解酶活性强的真菌菌株,用于植物秸秆降解和高效利用。【方法】从自然界采集的样品中分离纯化真菌菌株,利用PDA-愈创木酚和PDA-羧甲基纤维素钠平板初筛,再经过液体发酵检测漆酶酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶酶活及菌丝生长速率复筛目的菌株,通过内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)测序法对目的菌株进行鉴定,对目的菌株产漆酶和羧甲基纤维素酶活力进行测定及酶学性质研究。【结果】从样品中分离纯化到18株真菌,通过初筛筛选出9株产木质纤维素降解酶真菌菌株,再经过复筛,筛选出一株产漆酶、羧甲基纤维素酶活力高、菌丝生长快的菌株M1,经过分子生物学鉴定M1为糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus),其漆酶酶活为(243.59±1.11)U/mL,羧甲基纤维素酶酶活为(36.03±0.63) U/mL。在5 d的培养期内,菌丝生长速率为(9.43±0.32) mm/d。对菌株M1的发酵粗酶液的酶学性质进行了检测分析,结果表明,所产的漆酶在pH5.0-6.5相对酶活为90%以上,在pH ...     

产胶原酶菌株的筛选鉴定、发酵优化及胶原酶纯化

【目的】从肉联厂附近土壤中筛选出新型的胶原酶菌种,并通过提高其产酶量后研究其胶原酶的纯化方法,进一步研究该胶原酶对胶原蛋白的降解效率。【方法】经形态特征、生理生化特征以及16S rRNA基因进化树分析鉴定该菌株,并对该菌株产酶发酵条件进行优化,最终利用强阴离子交换树脂对该菌株所产的胶原酶进行分离纯化。【结果】该菌株鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。对该菌株的产酶发酵条件进行优化,结果表明最适碳源为2.0%葡萄糖、最适氮源为1.5%胰蛋白胨、最适无机盐为0.005%Ca~(2+);初始发酵液pH 7.5、发酵温度37℃,在最适条件下,该菌株发酵液的酶活为(65.81±2.06)U/m L,相比优化前(26.7±1.9)U/m L,酶活提高约1.5倍。对该菌株所产的胶原酶进行分离纯化,得到1个分子量约为100 k Da、纯度大于90%的胶原酶,其比酶活力约为(7615.0±78.7)U/mg。【结论】该研究所发现的胶原酶酶活较高,能够使胶原蛋白在短时间内被有效地降解为具有生物活性的胶原短肽,在食品、医疗、保健品、化妆品等领域具有较广泛的应用前景。     

重离子诱变技术选育碱性蛋白酶高产菌株

从采集的土壤样品中分离筛选出一株碱性蛋白酶产生菌G-41,经16S rRNA分子鉴定为芽孢杆菌属菌株。该菌株在发酵培养基中能产生较高产量的胞外碱性蛋白酶(1.7×104U/mL)。以G-41为出发菌株,对其进行重离子辐照诱变处理,获得突变株G-41-68,将该突变株再次经重离子诱变,从大量突变株中筛选出碱性蛋白酶高产菌株15Gy-54,其酶活力达到6.22×104U/mL。与出发菌株相比较,突变株G-41-68和15Gy-54的酶活力分别提高了1.58倍和2.65倍。对突变株15Gy-54的发酵条件进行了优化研究,结果表明,该菌株的碱性蛋白酶活力得到进一步提高,达到7.18×104U/mL,其最适发酵条件为:培养基(g/100mL)为胰蛋白胨1、酵母膏0.5、乳糖5、Na2HPO4·12H2O0.4、KH2PO40.03、Na2CO30.1、MgSO40.0481(4×10-3mol/L)、pH8.0,培养温度41℃,振荡培养时间42-48h。实验结果表明,重离子辐照诱变技术是一种非常有效的微生物诱变育种新技术。     

菊粉酶产生菌的筛选及60Co诱变选育简

目的：从新疆石河子盐碱地菊芋生长根际土壤中分离筛选高产菊粉酶活力菌株。方法：通过稀释平板涂布法分离微生物;利用^60Co诱变选育,96孔板筛选突变菌株;采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定菊粉酶酶活。结果：分离到12株具有菊粉酶活力的菌株,复筛得到1株高产菊粉酶活力菌株,将其命名为G-60;以此菌株为出发菌株进行^60Co诱变,利用96孔板对诱变菌株进行筛选,经摇瓶发酵酶活测定,得到1株高产菊粉酶酶活的突变株,酶活达46．62U/mL,是未诱变菌株酶活的2．72倍。结论：经诱变得到1株高产菊粉酶活力的突变菌株。     

菊粉酶产生菌的筛选及~(60)Co诱变选育

目的:从新疆石河子盐碱地菊芋生长根际土壤中分离筛选高产菊粉酶活力菌株。方法:通过稀释平板涂布法分离微生物;利用60Co诱变选育,96孔板筛选突变菌株;采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定菊粉酶酶活。结果:分离到12株具有菊粉酶活力的菌株,复筛得到1株高产菊粉酶活力菌株,将其命名为G-60;以此菌株为出发菌株进行60Co诱变,利用96孔板对诱变菌株进行筛选,经摇瓶发酵酶活测定,得到1株高产菊粉酶酶活的突变株,酶活达46.62 U/mL,是未诱变菌株酶活的2.72倍。结论:经诱变得到1株高产菊粉酶活力的突变菌株。     

产淀粉脱支酶菌株XUEX3的分离及其诱变选育

本研究以铜山烟草(中烟100)生产田根际土壤为材料,通过以支链淀粉作为碳源的固体鉴别培养基的分离培养获得3株产淀粉脱支酶菌株,将其依次编号为XUEX1、XUEX2和XUEX3,采用DNS法测定了3株菌的产酶活性,经过32h的连续发酵,XUEX3菌株的酶活性峰值达到了16.3 U/mL,XUEX1和XUEX2的峰值均未超过9 U/mL.选取产酶活性最高的XUEX3作为出发菌株进行紫外线诱变选育.结果 表明,试验获得的3个正突变菌株XUEX3-1、XUEX3-2和XUEX3-3的产淀粉脱支酶活性与出发菌株相比均有显著提高,其中XUEX3-3的HC值达到了出发菌株XUEX3的3.2倍;经过32 h的连续发酵,XUEX3-1、XUEX3-2和XUEX3-3产酶活性的峰值分别为39.7 U/mL、43.1 U/mL和35.3 U/mL;与对照相比,突变株XUEX3-2的产酶峰值出现的时间提前了4h,XUEX3-1和XUEX3-3的则推迟了4h,但经过连续5代的传代培养,正突变菌株XUEX3-1、XUEX3-2和XUEX3-3的遗传稳定.研究结果丰富了产淀粉脱支酶菌株的遗传资源库,为后期的应用开发提供了更多选项.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.