艾塞那肽对糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨GLP-1类似物艾塞那肽（exenatide）对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用。方法：SD大鼠随机分为正常组（NC组,n=8）和模型组;模型组给予高脂高糖饲料,喂养4周后腹腔注射STZ（30 mg·kg^-1）建模,72 h后以血糖≥ 16.7 mmol·L^-1为糖尿病成模标准,将成模大鼠随机分为糖尿病对照组（DM组,n=10）、3 μg·kg^-1艾塞那肽干预（Ex-1）组和6μg·kg^-1艾塞那肽干预（Ex-2）组;艾塞那肽组连续皮下注射艾塞那肽（bid）12周,NC组和DM组注射等容积溶剂;测定各组大鼠糖脂代谢变化和肾功能指标如血肌酐（Scr）、尿肌酐（Ucr）、尿素氮（BUN）、24 h尿微量白蛋白排出率（24 h UMA）并计算肌酐清除率（Ccr）;测定肾组织氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）;HE染色观察肾组织病理形态及ELISA法测定肾组织糖基化终末产物AGEs水平。结果：与糖尿病组相比,艾塞那肽可明显改善糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢,血糖、糖基化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、甘油三脂及胆固醇值均下降（P < 0.05）,肾功能指标明显好转（P < 0.05）且肌酐清除率下降（P < 0.05）,提示肾小球高滤过状态;同时改善糖尿病引起的肾组织病理结构改变,AGEs浓度下降（P < 0.05）,氧化应激指标SOD和GSH-Px活力升高,MDA含量降低（P < 0.05）。结论：艾塞那肽具有肾脏保护作用,其机制可能与抑制糖尿病大鼠肾组织的AGEs生成和改善氧化应激有关。     

人脐带间充质干细胞对1型糖尿病鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用

目的探讨人脐带间充质干细胞（hUCMSCs）对初发1型非肥胖型糖尿病（NOD）小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用。 方法雌性NOD小鼠共33只,饲养9周后,将成模的21只小鼠随机分为糖尿病组和干细胞组,每组10只,其中干细胞（MSCs）组发病后第3天尾静脉注射hUCMSCs 1?次;另取10只未发病小鼠为正常对照组。各组小鼠每周检测随机血糖（GLU）水平,8周后处死小鼠,取肝脏,HE染色后观察肝脏结构改变,ELISA法检测糖基化终末产物（AGEs）水平,Real-time PCR法检测糖基化终末产物受体（RAGE）、NF-κB P65、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α） mRNA的表达水平。采用单因素方差分析和SNK-q检验进行统计学分析。 结果MSCs治疗8周后,MSCs组小鼠随机血糖（8.46±1.37）mmol/L比T1DM组（32.82±0.59）?mmol/L降低,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。同时T1DM组肝脏细胞形态异常,炎症细胞浸润,而MSCs组的较T1DM组明显改善。MSCs组小鼠肝脏组织的AGEs浓度（0.72±0.10）μg/ml低于T1DM组（1.35±0.22）μg/ml;同时MSCs组的NF-κB P65、IL-6、TNF-α、RAGE mRNA水平（分别为10.08±1.94、9.31±1.67、11.92±1.82、3.87±0.27）,均低于T1DM组（分别为15.46±3.09、18.04±1.69、22.12±3.23、5.12±0.26）,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论hUCMSCs可以降低糖尿病小鼠血糖水平,改善肝脏微观病理状态,降低AGEs浓度及某些炎性因子的水平以减轻肝脏损伤。     

葛根素注射液对糖尿病大鼠牙周炎的治疗效果及血清AGEs、炎性因子表达的影响

摘要 目的：分析葛根素注射液对糖尿病大鼠牙周炎的治疗效果及血清晚期糖基化终末产物（advanced glycosylation end products,AGEs）、炎性因子表达的影响。方法：随机选取10只大鼠作为正常对照组,另选40只建立糖尿病牙周炎大鼠,将建模成功的大鼠随机分成模型组、实验组和阳性组,每组10只。给药处理6周后,取血清检测AGEs、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、IL-8及肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）表达情况;取牙周组织观察压槽骨丧失程度。结果：与健康对照组相比,模型组大鼠胰岛素水平显著降低,血糖、AGEs、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平显著升高,压槽骨降低高度显著增大（P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,实验组和阳性组大鼠水平显著升高,血糖、AGEs、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平显著降低,压槽骨降低高度升高减小（P＜0.05）。结论：葛根素注射液可通过促进胰岛素表达,减少AGEs积聚,降低血糖及炎性因子IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的表达抑制糖尿病大鼠牙周炎的发展。     

替米沙坦及吡哆胺对自发性高血压大鼠脑组织氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨替米沙坦及吡哆胺对自发性高血压大鼠脑组织氧化应激的影响。方法:自发性高血压大鼠24只随机分为4组(n=6):高血压对照组(HC组);替米沙坦组(T组);吡哆胺组(P组);联合治疗组(TP组)。同龄WKY大鼠作为正常对照组(NC组)。药物干预16周,测定各组脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶p47phox mRNA表达。结果:与NC组比较,HC组脑组织中MDA含量明显升高、SOD活性明显减低(P<0.05);与HC组比较T组、P组、TP组MDA含量明显减低,SOD活性明显升高(P<0.05);与NC组比较HC组(NADPH)氧化酶p47phox mRNA表达显著上调(P<0.01);与HC组比较T组、TP组NADPH氧化酶p47phox mRNA表达明显下调(P<0.01);HC组与P组比较NADPH氧化酶p47phox mRNA表达无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:自发性高血压大鼠脑组织处于氧化应激状态,替米沙坦及吡哆胺可抑制自发性高血压大鼠脑组织的氧化应激水平,联合治疗并不优于替米沙坦单药治疗。     

血清AGEs、sRAGE水平与急性脑梗死后出血性转化的相关性

摘要 目的：探讨血清晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）及可溶性期糖基化终末产物受体（sRAGE）与急性脑梗死后出血性转化（hemorrhagic transformation,HT）的相关性。方法：将2017年1月至2019年12月于我院诊治的131例急性脑梗死患者纳入研究对象,根据患者是否出现出血性转化将其分为HT组及NHT组,比较两组患者AGEs、sRAGE等实验室指标,采用多因素Logistic回归模型对影响急性脑梗死出血性转化的因素进行分析,并采用Pearson相关模型对血清中AGEs水平与sRAGE水平的相关性进行分析。结果：HT组患者合并糖尿病史、心房颤动病史比例、脑栓塞比例、梗死面积、采用抗凝治疗比例及血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、AGEs水平明显高于NHT组（均P＜0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析示大梗死面积、高IL-1β、TNF-α及AGEs水平是患者出现急性脑梗死后出血性转换的保护因素（OR=0.625, 0.832, 0.874, 0.708;均P＜0.05）,而无抗凝治疗、高sRAGE则是患者出现急性脑梗死后出血性转换的危险因素（OR=10.901, 1.004;均P＜0.05）;相关性分析示血清中sRAGE水平与AGEs、IL-1β及TNF-α水平呈明显负相关（ρ=-0.852,-0.828,-0.826;均P＜0.05）。结论：血清AGEs是急性脑梗死患者出现出血性转化的危险因素,而sRAGE则是保护因素,sRAGE可能通过抑制RAGE与AGEs结合,从而减少释放炎症介质,减轻血管损伤,降低HT发生风险。     

糖基化终末产物（AGEs）诱导下SOCS基因在肾小管上皮细胞中的表达及意义

目的观察SOCS-1、SOCS-3在肾小管上皮细胞（HKC）中的基础表达及在糖基化终末产物（AGEs）诱导下的表达及意义。方法体外培养HKC细胞,随机分为正常对照组、AGEs组,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学改变,采用流式细胞术,免疫细胞化学和检测SOCS-1、SOCS-3蛋白表达,RT-PCR法检测HKCSOCS-1、SOCS-3 mRNA表达。结果与正常组比较,AGES诱导的肾小管上皮细胞发生形态学改变;免疫细胞化学、流式细胞学发现SOCS-1、SOCS-3表达以胞浆为主,散在胞核表达;12、24、48hSOCS-1、SOCS-3蛋白表达AGEs组均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义,其中SOCS-1以12h表达量最大,SOCS-3以24h表达最高,RT-PCR检测SOCS-3 mRNA表达量,AGEs组高于正常组,差异有统计学意义。结论SOCS-1、SOCS-3在正常肾小管上皮细胞中有基础表达,AGEs可诱导肾小管上皮细胞SOCS-1、SOCS-3表达上调,为我们进一步研究SOCS基因与糖尿病肾病的关系提供了理论依据。     

糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化与心肌AGEs/RAGE水平的变化

目的通过构建Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型,研究该模型心肌纤维化和心肌AGEs/RAGE水平的变化情况。方法雄性SD大鼠高脂饲料饲喂6周后,过夜空腹12 h,腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ,30 mg/kg)。注射3、7 d后检测大鼠随机血糖浓度,两次随机血糖≥16.7 mmol/L为Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠建模成功。在建模成功后第4、8和12周,检测大鼠血FBG、insulin和左心室AGEs、Hyp含量及Masson染色、RAGE表达的变化。结果造模成功后第4、8和12周,糖尿病对照组(4D,8D,12D)血FBG水平均较同周次正常对照组(4C,8C,12C)显著升高,体重显著下降;造模成功后第12周时,糖尿病对照组(12D)大鼠Insulin显著高于同周次正常对照组(12C)和4周时糖尿病对照组(4D);从造模成功后第8周开始,糖尿病对照组(8D,12D)心肌Hyp、CVF、AGEs和RAGE与正常对照组(8C,12C)相比均显著升高;2型糖尿病大鼠心肌AGEs/RAGE水平与CVF呈显著正相关。结论高脂饮食饲喂加腹腔注射小剂量STZ,能够成功复制Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型。随着病程的延长,心肌纤维化和心肌AGEs含量、RAGE蛋白表达均呈逐渐上升趋势,且Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠心肌AGEs/RAGE水平与心肌纤维化存在有正相关关系。     

晚期糖基化终产物对人脐静脉内皮细胞的肝细胞生长因子表达的影响

目的探讨晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)对人脐静脉内皮细胞的肝细胞生长因子(HGF)mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。方法体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,予不同浓度(100mg/L、200mg/L、400mg/L)的AGEs刺激24h及400mg/LAGEs作用6h、12h、24h及48h,采用RT-PCR及免疫细胞化学法检测内皮细胞HGFmRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果在一定范围内随着AGEs浓度增加,内皮细胞HGF表达逐渐增高;AGEs早期作用内皮细胞,促进HGFmR-NA及蛋白的表达,随着AGEs的持续作用,HGF表达减弱。结论随着AGEs作用时间的延长,HGF对受损内皮细胞的修复作用先增强后减弱。     

卡立泊来德对AGEs所致新内膜形成的抑制作用及相关机制

为了观察Na⁺/H⁺ 交换蛋白1(NHE1)选择性抑制剂卡立泊来德(cariporide)对糖基化终末产物( advanced glycation end products,AGEs)所致大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后新内膜形成的作用,以球囊损伤大鼠颈总动脉,取标本HE染色后进行形态学观察并计算内膜、中膜面积及内膜/中膜面积比．为探讨相关机制,原代培养大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞( vascular smooth muscle cell,VSMC),[³H] thymidine 检测 VSMC增殖; RT-PCR及实时RT-PCR检测VSMC基质金属蛋白酶2( matrix metalloproteinases-2,MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶9(matrixmetalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)及环氧酶2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2) mRNA水平;Western blot检测核因子κB(NF-κB)的表达及抑制蛋白κBα(I-κBα)的降解．大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后,cariporide(0.1,10 mg/kg)能显著抑制AGEs所致新内膜增生(P < 0.01)．细胞实验结果显示,cariporide 可以浓度依赖性地抑制AGEs 诱导VSMC中COX-2、MMP-2及MMP-9 mRNA 表达,同时显著抑制I-κBα降解及NF-κB表达．结果表明,cariporide 能显著抑制血管损伤后AGEs所致新内膜的形成,其机制与抑制NHE1活性从而抑制NF-κB活化,下调MMP-2、MMP-9及COX-2 mRNA有关．提示NHE1可能是AGEs致血管损伤信号通路中的重要组成部分．     

下丘脑室旁核注射GLP-1 对糖尿病大鼠中枢GLP-1 受体表达

目的:探讨下丘脑室旁核(hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,PVN)注射GLP-1(胰高血糖素样肽-1)对糖尿病大鼠胃排空的影响及机制。方法:30只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、糖尿病组(DM组)和GLP-1干预组(GLP-1组),每组各10只。DM组和GLP-1组腹腔注射链脲佐菌素,三组大鼠均PVN区埋置套管,恢复7d,GLP-1组微量注射0.5μg/0.5μl的GLP-1,NC组和DM组大鼠PVN区微量注射等体积生理盐水。甲基纤维素-酚红灌胃法检测胃排空;半定量RT-PCR检测大鼠下丘脑GLP-1RmRNA的表达。结果:DM组胃排空率较NC组明显升高(P<0.05),GLP-1组胃排空明显低于DM组(P<0.05),GLP-1组和NC组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GLP-1组下丘脑GLP-1RmRNA的表达明显高于DM组和NC组(P<0.05),并与胃排空率成负相关(P<0.05)。DM组和NC组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:PVN区注射GLP-1可以抑制糖尿病大鼠早期胃排空加速,作用机制可能和促进下丘脑GLP-1受体表达有关。     

AGEs,contributors to placental bed vascular changes leading to preeclampsia

Abstract

Glycation of proteins or other biomolecules and their further long-term degradation result in the formation of advanced glycation end products, AGEs.

AGEs and other ligands interact with their receptors, RAGEs, localized to a variety of tissues, but mainly in endothelium and vascular wall cells. This interaction triggers diverse signaling pathways that converge on the activation of NF-κB and the initiation of a local inflammatory reaction that, when prolonged, results in dysfunctional features.

Preeclampsia is a serious vascular disorder centred at the placenta–uterine interface, the placental bed, but the condition extends to the mother´s circulation. RAGEs have notorious expression in the placental bed tissues along pregnancy but, in addition, RAGEs and their ligands are expressed in the fetal membranes and are found in the amniotic fluid and the mother´s serum. Disorders complicating pregnancies and having an important vascular involvement, as preeclampsia and diabetes mellitus, have additional enhanced AGE/RAGE expression variation. This indicates that for their assessment, the assay of RAGEs or their ligands may become useful diagnostic or prognostic procedures.     

银杏叶提取物对AGEs诱导心肌细胞内质网应激的影响

目的：探索银杏叶提取物对晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）作用下心肌细胞损伤以及内质网应激标记性分子GRP 78和CHOP的影响。方法：原代培养SD大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞,随机分为对照组、AGEs组、AGEs＋银杏叶提取物组。MTT法检测心肌细胞存活率,Western blot法检测GRP 78和CHOP蛋白表达水平。结果：与对照组比较,AGEs组48、72 h时心肌细胞存活率降低;与AGEs组比较,银杏叶提取物处理增加心肌细胞存活率。与对照组比较,AGEs组GRP 78和CHOP蛋白表达水平显著升高;与AGEs组比较,银杏叶提取物组GRP 78和CHOP表达水平显著下调。结论：银杏叶提取物能够抑制AGEs诱导的心肌细胞损伤,其机制可能与拮抗GRP 78和CHOP的表达,减轻内质网应激有关。     

Loganin alleviates testicular damage and germ cell apoptosis induced by AGEs upon diabetes mellitus by suppressing the RAGE/p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway

Diabetes mellitus (DM) damages male reproduction at multiple levels, such as endocrine secretion, spermatogenesis and penile erection. We herein investigated the protective effects and mechanism of loganin targeting the advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/receptor for AGEs (RAGE)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/NF-κB signalling pathway. Loganin relieved the general DM symptoms and decreased the blood glucose level of KK-Ay DM mice. Haematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated that loganin ameliorated testicular histology and function and enhanced the activities of testis-specific markers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT). Loganin also showed evident anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on DM-induced reproductive damage by restoring glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in vivo and in vitro. Western blotting exhibited that loganin significantly inhibited the AGEs/RAGE/p38MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway. Acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining (AOEB) and Western blotting showed that loganin in combination with inhibitors of RAGE, p38MAPK and NF-κB exerted stronger anti-apoptotic effects on AGE-induced GC-2 cell damage compared with loganin alone. In conclusion, loganin can protect against DM-induced reproductive damage, probably by suppressing the AGEs/RAGE/p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway.     

Retracted: Receptor for advanced glycation end products reveals a mechanism regulating thyroid hormone secretion through the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a causative role in the complications involved with diabetes mellitus (DM). Nowadays, DM with hypothyroidism (DM-hypothyroidism) is indicative of an ascended tendency in the combined morbidity. In this study, we examine the role of the receptor (RAGE) played for AGEs in thyroid hormone (TH) secretion via the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Blood samples were collected from patients with type 2 DM (T2DM)-hypothyroidism and from patients with T2DM, followed by detection of serum AGEs level. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of RAGE were analyzed in association with the treatment of high glucose, siRNA against RAGE, AGE, SIRT1, or Nrf2 vector in normal immortalized thyroid Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Serum of patients with T2DM-hypothyroidism indicated promoted levels of AGEs vs those with just T2DM. Both AGEs and high glucose triggered cellular damage, increased oxidative stress, as well as displayed a decreased survival rate along with TH secretion in the Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Moreover, AGEs and high glucose also led to RAGE upregulation, both SIRT1 and NRF2 downregulation, and the decreased expression of TH secretion–related proteins in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Notably, these alternations induced by the AGEs can be reserved by silencing RAGE or upregulating either SIRT1 or Nrf2, indicating a mechanism of regulating TH secretion through the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. Collectively, our data proposed that AGEs and high glucose exerted a potent effect on cellular damage and TH deficiency in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells through the RAGE upregulation as well as SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway inactivation. This mechanism may underlie the occurrence of DM-hypothyroidism.     

Extract of Cassiae semen attenuates diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of advanced glycation end products accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Chronic hyperglycemia leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accelerates the development of diabetic complications. Previous studies have shown that extract of Cassiae semen (CS), the seed of Cassia tora, has inhibitory activity on AGEs formation in vitro and reduces transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and extracellular matrix protein expression via inhibition of AGEs-mediated signaling in glomerular mesangial cells. In this study, to examine the preventive effects of CS extract on the development of diabetic nephropathy in vivo, streptozotocin (STZ)-injected diabetic rats were orally administered CS extract (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 12 weeks. Serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in diabetic rats were significantly higher compared to control rats. CS or aminoguanidine (AG) treatment significantly reduced these factors. Proteinuria and creatinine clearance were also significantly decreased in the CS-treated group compared with the untreated diabetic group. The CS-treated group had significantly inhibited COX-2 mRNA and protein, which mediates the symptoms of inflammation in the renal cortex of diabetic rats. Furthermore, histopathological studies of kidney tissue showed that in diabetic rats, AGEs, the receptor for AGEs, TGF-β1, and collagen IV were suppressed by CS treatment. Our data suggest that oral treatment of CS can inhibit the development of diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of AGEs accumulation in STZ-induced diabetic rats.     

普罗布考对糖尿病大鼠肾组织氧化应激的影响

目的研究普罗布考（Probucol）对糖尿病大鼠肾组织氧化应激的影响。方法采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立糖尿病大鼠模型。30只Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组（NC）、糖尿病组（DM）、糖尿病普罗布考治疗组（DP）。8周末称取体重、肾重、计算肾肥大指数（肾重/体重）,检测尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）;测定各组生化指标包括血糖（BG）、胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、血清肌酐（SCr）、血尿素氮（BUN）;检测肾组织中丙二醛（MDA）的含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性;肾组织切片行PAS染色分析肾小球面积及肾小球体积。结果 DM组大鼠肾重、肾重/体重、UAER、TC、TG、SCr、BUN、肾小球面积、肾小球体积较NC组均明显增加,DP组上述改变较DM组均明显减轻（P〈0.05）。DP组肾组织中MDA含量明显低于DM组,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性明显高于DM组（P〈0.05）。结论普罗布考可能部分通过减轻肾组织氧化应激反应实现对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用。     

Association of RAGE gene polymorphism with circulating AGEs level and paraoxonase activity in relation to macro-vascular complications in Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background and aims

Sustained interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with their receptor RAGE and subsequent signaling plays an important role in the development of diabetic complications. Genetic variation of RAGE gene may be associated with the development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objectives

The present study aimed to explore the possible association of RAGE gene polymorphisms namely − 374T/A, − 429T/C and G82S with serum level of AGEs, paraoxonase (PON1) activity and macro-vascular complications (MVC) in Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM).

Methods

A total of 265 diabetic patients, including DM without any complications (n = 135), DM-MVC (n = 130) and 171 healthy individuals were enrolled. Genotyping of RAGE variants were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum AGEs were estimated by ELISA and fluorometrically. and PON1 activity was assessed spectrophotometrically.

Results

Of the three examined SNPs, association of − 429T/C polymorphism with MVC in T2DM was observed (OR = 3.001, p = 0.001) in the dominant model. Allele ‘A’ of − 374T/A polymorphism seems to confer better cardiac outcome in T2DM. Patients carrying C allele (− 429T/C) and S allele (G82S) had significantly higher AGEs levels. − 429T/C polymorphism was also found to be associated with low PON1 activity. Interaction analysis revealed that the risk of development of MVC was higher in T2DM patients carrying both a CC genotype of − 429T/C polymorphism and a higher level of AGEs (OR = 1.343, p = 0.040).

Conclusion

RAGE gene polymorphism has a significant effect on AGEs level and PON1 activity in diabetic subjects compared to healthy individuals. Diabetic patients with a CC genotype of − 429T/C are prone to develop MVC, more so if AGEs levels are high and PON1 activity is low.     

瑞舒伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠早期动脉粥样硬化形成的影响

目的：观察他汀类调脂药物瑞舒伐他汀（Rosuvastatin）对2型糖尿病（type2diabetesmellitus,T2DM）大鼠早期动脉粥样硬化形成的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法：将45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（NC组）、2型糖尿病组（DM组）、2型糖尿病瑞舒伐他汀治疗组（DR组）,每组15只。以喂高糖高脂饮食方法建立SD大鼠糖尿病模型,DM组、DR组给予高糖高脂饮食1个月后腹腔注射25mg/kg链脲佐菌素;NC组给予普通饮食,注射枸橼酸缓冲液作为对照。在此基础上,DR组给予瑞舒伐他汀5mg/（kg.d）灌胃,NC组、DM组给予生理盐水灌胃。16周后测定各组大鼠总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平与稳态血糖（BG）、稳态胰岛素（PGI）浓度,用免疫组化法检测主动脉血管壁白细胞分化抗原40（clusterofdifferentiation 40,CD40）及基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）、激活蛋白-1（activator protein-1,AP-1）的表达水平。结果：DM组、DR组TC、TG、LDL-C与BG水平较NC组均显著升高（F=33.71~426.05,q=5.26~40.82,P〈0.01）,但2组间各指标比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。DR组CD40、MMP-2、AP-1表达水平和浸润的单核细胞数明显低于DM组（F=36.86~716.82,q=8.59~37.86,P〈0.05）,DR组主动脉内皮损伤明显轻于DM组。结论：瑞舒伐他汀能抑制CD40、MMP-2、AP-1表达和单核细胞浸润,防止早期AS形成。