中国指麦蛾属及一新种记述（鳞翅目：麦蛾科）

指麦蛾属ＤａｃｔｙｌｅｔｈｒｅｌａＦｌｅｔｃｈｅｒ世界上已知１０种,分布于古北区、东洋区和非洲区,但中国尚无记载。本文报道指麦蛾属分布中国的３个种：其中刀瓣指麦蛾Ｄ．ｃａｔａｒｉｎａＰｏｎｏｍａｒｅｎｋｏ（分布：陕西杨陵、凤县辛家山、甘肃康县豆坝及俄罗斯远东地区）和青冈指麦蛾Ｄ．ｔｅｇｕｌｉｆｅｒａ（Ｍｅｙｒｉｃｋ）（分布：陕西杨陵、凤县辛家山、甘肃康县阳坝和朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯远东地区;寄主：栎树、青冈和麻栎）为中国新记录种;新种沈氏指麦蛾Ｄ．ｓｈｅｎａｅ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．分布于江西婺源县珍珠山,它与Ｄ．ｓｕｂｔｅｇｕｌｉｆｅｒａＰｏｎｏｍａｒｅｎｋｏ外形相似,但体小,前翅斑纹赭黄色至赭褐色,中部及外缘无明显斑纹;雄性外生殖器抱器小瓣大而直。文中提供了中国种分种检索表和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系。     

中国雪麦蛾属二新种记述：鳞翅目：麦蛾科

雪麦蛾属ＣｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓＨüｂｎｅｒ已知百种以上。其中新北区７２种,新热带区１２种,古北区２８种,估计古北区种类近４０种（Ｈｕｅｍｅｒ＆Ｓａｔｌｅｒ,１９９５）。我国该属昆虫已知１种（李后魂、郑哲民,１９９５）。本文记述２新种,分别分布于陕西和青海。模式标本存陕西师大动物所。１．彬县雪麦蛾Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｂｉｎｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,新种（图１）本种与Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｐｒａｅｃｌａｒｅｌａ（Ｈｅｒｒｉｃｈ－Ｓｃｈｅｆｅｒ）相似,但雄性外生殖器爪形突宽短,其后缘具明显的中突。正模♂,副模１♂,陕西彬县,１９９０－Ｖ－１５,王宣利采。２．大通雪麦蛾Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｄａｔｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,新种（图２）本种与百脉根雪麦蛾Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｆｕｍａｔｅｌａ（Ｄｏｕｇｌａｓ）极近似,但雄性外生殖器爪形突和阳茎形状与后者的不同。正模♂,青海大通东峡,１９８８－Ⅶ－２５。     

中国柱麦蛾属分类学研究：鳞翅目：麦蛾科

本文记述中国柱麦蛾属Ａｔｈｒｉｐｓ Ｂｉｌｌｂｅｒｇ５种：无突柱麦蛾Ａ;ａｇｎａｔｈｏｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,双膨柱麦蛾Ａ;ｂｉｄｉｌａｔａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．厚瓣柱麦蛾Ａ．ｃｒａｓｓｉｖａｑｌｖａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,七点柱麦蛾Ａ．ｓｅｐｔｅｍｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和柴达木柱麦蛾Ａ．ｓａｉｄａｍｉｃａ Ｅｍｅｌｙａｎｏｖ ｅｔ Ｐｉｓｋｕｎｏｖ,１９８２。     

中国竹麦蛾属一新种（鳞翅目：麦蛾科）

本文记述竹麦蛾属１新种－－秦岭竹麦蛾Ｃａｒｙｏｃｏｌｕｍ ｑｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。,模式标本存在西北林学院。     

中国苔麦蛾属研究（鳞翅目：麦蛾科）

系统研究了中国苔麦蛾属Ｂｒｙｏｔｒｏｐｈａ,中国新纪录,记述６新种２中国新纪录种。文中提供了两性外生殖器特征图和分种检索表。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。拟寿苔麦蛾Ｂｒｙｏｔｒｏｐｈａ ａｍｂｉｓｅｎｅｃｔｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．分布于甘肃和陕西,该种与寿苔蛾Ｂｒｙｏｔｒｏｐｈａ ｓｅｎｅｃｔｅｌｌａ（Ｚｅｌｌｅｒ）相似,但雄性外生殖器抱器腹突出平缓;雌性外生殖器前阴片后缘凸起。短瓣苔麦蛾     

中国智麦蛾属二新种记述(鳞翅目：麦蛾科)

智麦蛾属ＳｏｐｈｒｏｎｉａＨüｂｎｅｒ主要分布于欧洲、亚洲和北美,少数分布至南非［１］。全世界已记载２０余种,已知寄主多为菊科Ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａｅ植物。Ｅ．Ｍｅｙｒｉｃｋ（１９３６）报道Ｓｏｐｈｒｏ－ｎｉａｉｌｕｓｔｒｅｌａ（Ｈüｂｎｅｒ,１７９６）...     

中国大陆的蛮麦蛾属和拟蛮麦蛾属及新种记述：鳞翅目：麦蛾科

本文报道中国大陆的蛮麦蛾属Ｈｙｐａｔｉｍａ５个种和拟蛮麦蛾属Ｈｏｍｏｓｈｅｌａｓ２个种,其中各有１个新种。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

危害柠条的麦蛾一新种记述(鳞翅目:麦蛾科)

本文记载了希奇;宁条的麦蛾一新种,即锦鸡儿条麦蛾Ａｎａｒｓｉａ ｃａｒａｇａｎａ Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。该种与Ａｎａｒｓｉａ ｓｉｂｉｒｅｃａ Ｐａｒｋ ｅｔ Ｐｏｎｏｍａｒｅｎｋｏ外部特征相似,但雄性外生殖器左抱器腹有一个出血内面的细长突起,盐池县,以幼虫叶丝缀叶危害柠条。一年发生两代,第１代发生在６、７月份,株被害率在４０％～６０％,第２代出现在８、９月份,以蛹越冬。文中提供了     

危害枸杞的麦蛾一新种记述(鳞翅目：麦蛾科)

整理了茄麦蛾属Hedma世界已知种的名录及寄主和分布资料,记述了分布中国的一新种：枸杞茄麦蛾Hedma lycia sp. Nov., 危害宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum Linn.,模式产地为陕西省西安市。文中给出了新种雌雄外生殖器特征图。该属为中国新记录。     

危害枸杞的麦蛾一新种记述(鳞翅目:麦蛾科)

整理了茄麦蛾属Hedma世界已知种的名录及寄主和分布资料 ,记述了分布中国的一新种 :枸杞茄麦蛾Hedmalyciasp .nov .,危害宁夏枸杞LyciumbarbarumLinn .,模式产地为陕西省西安市。文中给出了新种雌雄外生殖器特征图。该属为中国新记录     

A revision of the tribe Plectrothripini of fungus-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Phlaeothripinae)

Abstract The tribe Plectrothripini is redefined with examination of its systematic relationships. Keys are provided to the ten genera and forty-seven species in this tribe; one genus and eighteen species are newly described; one genus and two species are newly synonymized; two genera, Chiridothrips and Eurytrichothrips , are here removed from this tribe. The species of the tribe occur throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world; seventeen species are recorded from the Oriental Region, seventeen species from the Neotropical Region, ten species from the Afrotropical Region, two from Australia and one from the Pacific. They seem to be fungus-feeders, being found mainly under the bark of trees or on dead branches.     

广西外来入侵植物

通过调查和文献整理,初步确认广西有外来入侵植物114种,隶属于36科80属,其中以菊科的种类最多,有26种。外来入侵植物来源于世界各地,以来源于美洲居多,有87种,占76.3%。入侵植物以草本植物为主,有90种,占78.9%。外来入侵植物主要通过有意引入和无意传入等方式入侵广西。它们的入侵,特别是一些恶性杂草的入侵,给广西农业、林业、人类健康以及生态环境带来巨大的负面影响。加强对外来入侵植物的调查和评估,恢复当地植被和物种的多样性,开展有害生物风险分析是防范外来入侵植物的有效途径。     

Marine biodiversity of Costa Rica: Crustacea: Infraorder Anomura

The anomuran crabs are among the best known crustacean groups from the Pacific coast. However, this group is poorly known from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. In this compilation based on the literature and the collection at the Zoology Museum, Biology School, University of Costa Rica, we report the presence of 114 species of the Infraorder Anomura for Costa Rica, 20 species from the Caribbean, 96 species from the Pacific (two are present on both coasts). Twenty-nine species are new reports for Costa Rica, 15 from the Caribbean coast (74% of the total of species from that coast) and 14 from the Pacific (15% of the total from the Pacific). The range often species is extended to Costa Rica, siete from the Caribbean and three from the Pacific. Six species are reported for the first time from Cocos Island, where there are also four endemic species.     

疆芫菁科的区系组成及药用价值(鞘翅目：芫菁科)

调查表明,新疆芫菁科(Meloidlc)昆虫有41种,分隶于5属,以斑芫菁属Mylabris F.种类最多,达32种,占78.0%;在41种中,有10种为我国首次纪录。区系组成含中亚细亚,蒙古,欧洲,准噶尔和泛古北种五种成分,其中以中亚细亚种最多,达23种,约占56.0%。芫菁是药用昆虫,对常见的10种芫菁药用有效成分-斑蝥素含量进行了测定,发现其中,种含量较高,药用价值明显。     

What do the biodiversity experiments tell us about consequences of plant species loss in the real world?

Experiments where the diversity of species assemblage is manipulated are sometimes used to predict the consequences of species loss from real communities. However, their design corresponds to a random selection of the lost species. There are three main factors that limit species richness: harshness of the environment, competitive exclusion, and species pool limitation. Species loss is usually caused by increasing effects of these factors. In the first two cases, the species that are excluded are highly non-random subsets of the potential species set, and consequently, the predictions based on random selection of the lost species might be misleading. The data show that the least productive species are those being recently excluded from temperate grasslands and consequently, species loss is not connected with decline of productivity. The concurrent species loss in many communities, however, means also a reduction of the available diaspore pool on a landscape scale, and could result in increased species pool limitation in other communities.     

New species of the myrmecophile Polyplocotes Westwood (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) from South Australia

Six new species of the Australian myrmecophilous ptinid genus Polyplocotes are described from South Australia. Three are from the deserts of central Australia, one from the Franklin Islands in the Great Australian Bight, one from Eyre Peninsula and one from the Riverland region. Morphologically, the majority of these new species are conventional Polyplocotes , but two are less typical. The characters uniting the genus are explored in the discussion, and comparisons are made to related genera. Although the six new species described here have not been observed in the field, the species of this genus are known to be myrmecophilous, and ant – beetle interactions similar to those seen in other spider beetles might occur between these new species and their host ants.     

Basic features of the nemoral curculionid-beetle fauna (Coleoptera,Curculionoidea) from eastern Europe and western Siberia

There are 132 curculionids associated with deciduous trees in eastern Europe and western Siberia. The weevils and bark beetles make up the basis of the fauna, forming almost 80%. The fauna of oak is the richest (64 species). The species composition on the ash-tree (50% are monophages) is highly original. Impoverishment of the species composition from the west to the east is revealed. The fauna declines by 18% from 45 to 55° E. The species composition reduces two times beyond the Urals. The faunal boundaries are revealed from west to east and from east to west. The most significant boundary (47% of the fauna do not pass it) for distribution of species to the east is situated between 40 and 45° E. Two significant faunal boundaries are revealed from south to north. The fauna of curculionids of deciduous trees is formed by four groups of species. The southern European species (54%) and western palaearctic species (40%) dominate. The species composition of the studied territory is similar to the fauna of Middle Europe. Formation of the modern fauna of curculionids of deciduous trees in eastern Europe probably occurred in the Holocene. The western Palaearctic and Transpalaearctic species could have occupied the considered territory since the Late Pleistocene. Southern European species appeared in the considered territory after the Valdai glaciation during the warming in the Atlantic period of the Holocene. Penetration of East Palaearctic species began rather recently (last few decades), probably due to climate warming and economic activities.     

Estimating species trees using multiple-allele DNA sequence data

Several techniques, such as concatenation and consensus methods, are available for combining data from multiple loci to produce a single statement of phylogenetic relationships. However, when multiple alleles are sampled from individual species, it becomes more challenging to estimate relationships at the level of species, either because concatenation becomes inappropriate due to conflicts among individual gene trees, or because the species from which multiple alleles have been sampled may not form monophyletic groups in the estimated tree. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to reconstruct species trees from multiple-allele, multilocus sequence data, building on a recently proposed method for estimating species trees from single allele multilocus data. A two-step Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is adopted to estimate the posterior distribution of the species tree. The model is applied to estimate the posterior distribution of species trees for two multiple-allele datasets--yeast (Saccharomyces) and birds (Manacus-manakins). The estimates of the species trees using our method are consistent with those inferred from other methods and genetic markers, but in contrast to other species tree methods, it provides credible regions for the species tree. The Bayesian approach described here provides a powerful framework for statistical testing and integration of population genetics and phylogenetics.