Elimination of Aedes aegypti in northern Australia, 2004–2006

The Northern Territory (NT) of Australia is currently free of the dengue mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L). However, on 17 February 2004, two Ae. aegypti adults were captured in two routine CO₂‐baited encephalitis virus surveillance traps in Tennant Creek, located 990 km south of Darwin in the NT. The detection triggered an immediate survey and control response undertaken by the NT Department of Health and Community Services, followed by a Commonwealth of Australia‐funded Ae. aegypti elimination program. This report details the methods and results of the detection and subsequent elimination activities that were carried out between 2004 and 2006, returning the NT to its dengue vector‐free status. There have been very few successful Ae. aegypti elimination programs in the world. This purposeful mosquito elimination for Australia was officially declared on 5 April 2006.     

Distribution of overwintering mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in grassy fields in the Republic of Korea, 2007–2008

Overwintering mosquitoes in a grassy field were surveyed at 13 different localities from December 2007 to February 2008 in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Mosquitoes were collected by putting a white colored tent on the grass, without the base, and heating the inside of the tent. A total of 784 female adults comprising seven species were collected during the study period, including 395 (45.6%) Anopheles pullus, 338 (43.2%) An. sinensis, 21 (2.7%) An. belenrae, 2 (0.3%) An. kleini, 43 (5.5%) Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 20 (2.5%) Cx. inatomii, and 1 (0.3%) Cx. pipiens complex. The mosquitoes showed different overwintering distributions by temperature zone and locality. Predominant species, the malaria vectors An. pullus and An. sinensis, showed different overwintering distributions. Anopheles pullus had a 90.9% collection rate except for Youngju and an average – 0.6°C temperature between December and February. Anopheles pullus showed >50% collection rate in most regions maintained below an average of ?1.4°C, and the rate of An. sinensis showed more than 50% collection rate in all regions maintained at an average above ?1.1°C. Other species showed regional characteristics; An. belenrae was distributed in the northwest part of the ROK, and An. kleini was collected rarely at one locality in the middle part of ROK. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, a Japanese encephalitis virus vector, was distributed in the southern and costal region and maintained at an above average of ?1.0°C. Culex inatomii was collected on the coastal region of the ROK.     

吉林省蓝藻门单歧藻属三新种

报道了采自吉林省五女峰的蓝藻门单歧藻属三新种,纤细单岐藻、长枝单岐藻、普通单岐藻。     

吉林省蓝藻门二新种

报道了采自吉林省五女峰的蓝藻门二新种,即:颗粒伪枝藻、绚丽裂须藻。     

吉林省森林生态系统的碳储量、碳密度及其分布

利用森林资源二类调查汇总数据和标准地实测数据,研究吉林省森林生态系统的碳密度、碳储量及其组分和分布特征.结果表明:吉林省森林生态系统碳储量为1827.293TgC,其中乔木层、灌草层、枯落物层和土壤层的碳储量分别为439.152、5.195、45.600和1330.466TgC,分别占总碳量的24.1%、0.3%、2.5%和73.1%.吉林省森林生态系统碳密度为225.304MgC.hm-2,各层碳密度的大小顺序为土壤层(164.666MgC.hm-2)>乔木层(54.352MgC.hm-2)>枯落物层(5.644MgC.hm-2)>灌草层(0.643MgC.hm-2).不同类型森林生态系统碳储量在9.357～959.716TgC,碳密度在180.648～254.627MgC.hm-2之间,各林型分配特征表现为土壤层最大、灌草层最小.全省森林生态系统碳储量和碳密度的空间分布总体上为东部山区高、中西部平原地区低.吉林省森林中中龄林分比重大,若对现有森林加以更好的管理,可以增加其碳吸存潜力.     

吉林省蓝藻门星球藻属一新种

报道了采自吉林省五女峰的蓝藻门星球藻属一新种, 即细棘星球藻。     

吉林省临江市发现史氏蟾蜍

2014年7月,在吉林省临江市白马浪村附近的白马浪沟(41°41'~41°42'N,126°38'~126°39'E,海拔370~519 m)的野外调查中采集到13只雌性蟾蜍标本,经鉴定为史氏蟾蜍,为吉林省首次发现。     

吉林珲春自然保护区东北虎捕食家畜研究

东北虎在中国已经极度濒危,随着位于中俄朝三国边境地区的吉林珲春自然保护区在2001 年底的建成,对虎的保护初见成效。然而保护区内虎频繁捕食家畜,引发了当地居民的不满。为了减缓人虎冲突,寻找东北虎捕食家畜的有关规律,作者开展了东北虎捕食家畜的相关研究。从2001 年12 月至2007 年底,共计有126 起,204 头家养动物被虎袭击,且呈现逐年上升的趋势。家畜被袭击主要发生在每年的4 ～ 9 月,没有发现明显的对家畜种的偏好。利用GIS 和回归分析表明:1)虎通常不袭击离开村庄小于1 km 的家畜;2)人为干扰对家畜的被食用率和虎移动家畜尸体的行为都有显著影响;3)共计有约16 079 kg 的家养动物肉被虎食用,造成损失76084 美元;4)对虎袭击地点生态变量的分析表明,东向和南向有更多的家畜被袭击;5)此外,虎多在较低的海拔和坡度、较高的郁闭度,靠近村庄和河流,远离道路等区域捕食家畜。清除套子和防止下套以增加有蹄类的密度对于减少虎捕食家畜非常重要。此外,减少虎袭击地点的人为干扰和改善对家畜的看护也非常关键。     

吉林省城镇化与生态环境协调发展的时空演变特征

构建城镇化与生态环境评价体系,评价2000—2012年吉林省城镇化和生态环境综合发展水平及两者耦合协调度.结果表明: 研究期间,吉林省城镇化综合水平呈持续增长态势,其中,经济城镇化贡献份额最大;生态环境综合水平呈波动上升趋势,国家实施振兴东北战略以来生态环境状态、响应、压力都增长较快;耦合协调度呈持续增长趋势,从基本不协调发展为高级协调,由城镇化滞后型转化为生态环境滞后型.中部地区城镇化水平较高,东西部地区生态环境水平高于中部地区,长春市城镇化与生态环境耦合协调度最高,白山市最低;2000—2012年,长吉地区耦合协调度在全省一直处于领先水平,但生态环境滞后水平越来越严重,四平、辽源、松原3市和延边朝鲜族自治州的耦合协调度呈上升趋势,白城市呈现下降趋势.     

Rotifera Recorded from China, 1893–1997, with Remarks on Their Composition and Distribution

A search of the literature on rotifers recorded from China, includes today 477 valid species names and 42 subspecies or infrasubspecific variants in 84 genera and 28 families recorded since 1893. Chinese rotifera research is reviewed, and all recorded species are listed with current taxonomic status and their first localities in China. Most of the named taxa are widely distributed or cosmopolitan, with only a small number (about 3%) possibly restricted to China. This fauna exhibits 15 endemic taxa. The composition and distribution of Chinese Rotifera are briefly analyzed. It is likely that considerably more rotifers remain to be described from China as further study to be carried on and taxonomic resolution improves.     

吉林省县域环境污染的时空演变特征与影响因素

基于2011年和2015年环境污染物排放和经济社会数据,选取4类污染物的工业源、农业源和城镇生活源排放总量指标,通过构建整体环境污染综合指数和分来源污染指数综合反映吉林省县域尺度单元污染状况,运用Moran I指数、时空跃迁分析和标准差椭圆分析定量研究吉林省环境污染的时空演变特征,并构建空间计量模型对环境污染的影响因素进行分析.结果表明:吉林省环境污染具有空间集聚特征,环境污染主要分布在长春、吉林等中部地区,分来源的环境污染空间分布存在明显的区域差异特征;吉林省县域单元整体环境污染和农业源污染均具有空间相关性,环境污染空间布局的关联结构稳定性高,环境污染具有路径锁定特征;环境污染的空间分布呈现西北-东南分布格局,且环境污染表现出由中心向四周扩散态势,环境污染的重心在43.65-43.66°N,125.83-125.84°E之间变动;地区经济发展水平、城市化水平和农业生产是吉林省县域环境污染和工业源污染的主要驱动因素,产业结构的调整优化改善了整体环境污染与工业源污染状况.化肥的过度使用增加了农业源污染,经济发展水平和城市化水平是城镇生活源污染排放的主要驱动因素.县域整体环境污染和农业源污染均具有空间扩散效应,各自污染状况分别与相邻地区整体环境污染和农业源污染状况密切相关.     

Seasonal Prevalence of Mosquitoes Collected from Light Traps in Gyeongsangnam Province,Republic of Korea (2013–2014)

Adult mosquito surveillance was conducted from 2013 through 2014 at four cattle sheds, a wild bird refuge, and two residential areas located in Gyeongnam Province in the Republic of Korea. Adult mosquitoes were collected in black light traps from April 1, through November 30. Mosquito surveillance was conducted to figure out population densities of vector mosquitoes, possibly invaded mosquitoes and identify various virus infections at the selected sites. A total of 107,466 females comprising 14 species and 7 genera were collected from 2013 to 2014. The most common species collected were Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (63.8%), Anopheles sinensis s.l. (18.9%), Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) (7.7%), and Culex pipiens Coquillett (5.1%). Trap indices (TIs) varied widely for species over their range, due to geographical distribution and degree of association with rural and urban communities . The most collected An. sinensis s.l. and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus appeared at a cow shed in Hapcheon (TI 347.5) and a pigsty in Daejeo‐1‐dong, Busan (TI 1,040.8), respectively, due in part to their situation near breeding sites such as rice paddies. The bi‐weekly population densities for mosquito species were variable for each of the years, apparently as a result of variable annual weather conditions. None of the mosquito species collected tested for the flavivirus including Japanese Encephalitis Virus, West Nile Virus, Dengue Virus, and Zika Virus infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were positive.     

吉林省蓝藻门三新种

报道了采自吉林省五女峰的蓝藻门3个新种：集安蓝柄藻、紫红柄球藻、扩展真枝藻。     

吉林省蓝藻门两新种

描述了采自长白山永青电站的蓝藻门新植物灰白伪枝藻（Scytonema cineraceum C.L.Zhou et Xiao, sp. nov.）, 其原植体丛生，垫状，近半球形，灰褐色。蓝藻门新植物岩生蓝柄藻(Cyanostylon rupestris L .H.Lü et Xiao, sp. nov.)，采自吉林省集安市五女峰，植物团块为较柔软的胶质小皮壳状堆积体，棕黄色或棕红色。     

吉林省蓝藻门两新种

报道了采自吉林省的蓝藻门2个新种：具翼单歧藻Tolypothrix alata,脆弱真枝藻Stigonema fragile。     

A recent survey of mosquito fauna in Guandong Province, southern China, with a review of past records

Abstract The southern province of Guangdong has long been subject to endemic mosquito‐borne diseases. In recent years, this region of China has experienced rapid, extensive economic development involving environmental change, making much of the scant knowledge of its mosquito fauna obsolete. This paper reviews previous mosquito surveys, some of which may be too old to be of relevance to present‐day conditions, and presents the results of a recent survey of adult and immature mosquitoes. The main vectors of mosquito‐borne diseases endemic to the area, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus, develop in container habitats. A three‐year survey was carried out, between 2004 and 2006, of 4131 breeding containers in residential areas and in open, sparsely populated areas, of which approximately 50% were positive for the presence of mosquitoes, and 10 156 larvae and pupae were collected and identified. Twelve species were found in both residential and sparsely populated areas: Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), Ae. lineatopennis (Ludlow), Ae. vexans (Meigen), Tanakaius togoi (Theobald), Culex barraudi Edwards, Cx dispectus Bram, Cx malayi (Leicester), Cx pallidothorax Theobald, Cx quinquefasciatus Say, Cx sitiens Wiedemann, Lutzia fuscanus Wiedemann and Tripteroides bambusa (Yamada). Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett) was found only in containers in villages, whereas Ae. macfarlanei Edwards, Cx mimeticus Noé, Cx sinensis Theobald, Cx vegans Wiedemann, Cx wilfredi Colless and Mansonia uniformis (Theobald) were found only in non‐ or sparsely populated areas. In residential areas, the rank order of most common species, as measured by the proportion of containers colonized, was Ae. albopictus > Cx quinquefasciatus > Lu. fuscanus, whereas in sparsely populated areas the rank order was Cx quinquefasciatus > Ae. albopictus > Lu. fuscanus. Light traps in non‐ or sparsely populated areas caught 5995 adult mosquitoes of 25 species, some of which are not container breeders. The most common species were: Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann, An. maculatus Theobald, An. minimus Theobald, Ta. togoi, Cx bitaeniorhynchus Giles, Cx malayi, Cx quinquefasciatus, Cx sinensis Theobald, Cx sitiens, Cx tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Lu. fuscanus. It is noteworthy that nine species caught had not been previously recorded in Guangdong Province, highlighting the deficient knowledge of the current composition and distribution of the mosquito fauna of this part of China.     

吉林省农业气象干旱灾害的风险分析及区划

利用1961-2010年吉林省50个站气候观测资料、1981-2010年干旱灾情和农业经济资料,基于灾害风险系统分析理论、农田水分平衡法和综合灾害风险指数法,在分析干旱对吉林省农业影响致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体脆弱性和防旱减灾能力的基础上,应用加权综合法得到不同单元的综合风险度指数;基于GIS技术,开展了干旱对吉林省农业影响的风险区划.结果表明:致灾因子危险性的高值区分布在西部的白城和松原大部分地区,孕灾环境敏感性的高值区分布在白城地区、松原地区、四平地区北部和通化地区南部,承灾体脆弱性的高值区主要分布在经济较发达的松原大部分地区、长春大部分地区、四平地区等,防旱减灾能力的高值区分布在松原、长春、四平、吉林和通化市区及其周边地区.考虑各因子的综合风险度,干旱对吉林省农业影响的风险可分为高风险、次高风险、中等风险、次低风险和低风险5个等级,其中,高、次高风险主要分布在吉林省中西部的白城、松原、长春和四平地区.     

Principal climatic and edaphic determinants of Culicoides biting midge abundance during the 2007–2008 bluetongue epidemic in the Netherlands,based on OVI light trap data

Palaearctic Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) represent a vital link in the northward advance of certain arboviral pathogens of livestock such as that caused by bluetongue virus. The effects of relevant ecological factors on weekly Culicoides vector abundances during the bluetongue virus serotype 8 epidemics in the Netherlands in 2007 and 2008 were quantified within a hurdle modelling framework. The relative role of meteorological parameters showed a broadly consistent association across species, with larger catches linked to temperature‐related variables and lower wind speed. Moreover, vector abundance was found to be influenced by edaphic factors, likely related to species‐specific breeding habitat preferences that differed markedly amongst some species. This is the first study on Culicoides vector species in the Netherlands identified during an entomological surveillance programme, in which an attempt is made to pinpoint the factors that influence midge abundance levels. In addition to providing key inputs into risk‐mitigating tools for midge‐borne pathogens and disease transmission models, the adoption of methods that explicitly address certain features of abundance datasets (frequent zero‐count observations and over‐dispersion) helped enhance the robustness of the ecological analysis.     

吉林松辽平原暨西部草原湿地土壤中的暗色丝孢菌

从吉林松辽平原暨西部草原湿地不同生态环境中采集土壤样品42份,采用土壤平板法和稀释法,从中分离出116个暗色丝孢菌分离物,经鉴定分属于25属,46种。其中,倒卵平脐蠕孢Bipolaris obovoidea为新种;二色单格孢Monodictys bicolorata、刚毛黑团孢Periconia hispidula和草色串孢小四变型Torula herbarum f. quaternella为中国新记录种。研究过的标本（干制培养物）及活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（HSAUP）,等模式标本（干制培养物）存放在中国科学院真菌标本室（HMAS）。     

Autumn southward ‘return’ migration of the mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus in China

Abstract. Direct evidence for a southward ‘return’ migration in autumn of the mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus in China was obtained by aerial sampling with a net suspended from a balloon. In a preliminary study between 2 and 20 September 1990 at Jiangpu, near Nanjing, in Jiangsu Province, 11 females and 4 males of this species were taken at heights of 150–250 m. During 17–26 October 1991 at Dongxiang in northern Jiangxi Province, 44 mosquitoes (8 males, 36 females) were caught in the aerial net at heights of 80–380m in northeasterly winds (E-NNW). Most of the specimens were flying within the subsiding air-mass behind a cold front. Cx tritaeniorhynchus was the only species identified (31 females) among the mosquitoes from Dongxiang. Of 24 females dissected, 17 had N stage ovaries — interpreted as diapause, five had stage I ovaries, one had stage II ovaries, and one was gravid (stage V), but none was freshly bloodfed. Cx tritaeniorhynchus is the main vector of Japanese viral encephalitis in China, and it is possible that the virus is reintroduced to northern temperate areas in spring by northward migration of infected Cx tritaeniorhynchus females.