灵芝孢子几种破壁方法比较分析

采用超临界破壁法、匀浆破壁法和超声破壁法对灵芝孢子进行了破壁试验研究,研究显示,采用超临界高压静止破壁法可显著提高灵芝孢子的破壁率。匀浆破壁法和超声破壁法虽灵芝孢子破碎率较低,显微镜观察大部分孢子外形完整,但细胞内容物已几乎消失,达到提取孢子内容物的目的。     

稻曲病菌厚垣孢子不同破壁方法的比较

为了探究稻曲病菌[Ustiloginoidea virens(Cooke)Takahashi]厚垣孢子的最佳破壁方法,研究采用4种破壁法对该病菌黄色和黑色厚垣孢子进行破壁,血球计数板计算破壁效果,并用考马斯亮蓝法测定不同破壁方法中厚垣孢子壁内可溶性蛋白含量。结果表明,在普通光学显微镜下观察,破壁后厚垣孢子多数为碎片,少数为孢壁内空圆球。4种破壁方法中液氮研磨-超声破碎法破壁效果最好,黄色和黑色厚垣孢子的破壁率均可达98%以上,用该法破壁测得的黄色和黑色厚垣孢子壁内可溶性蛋白质含量也最高。由此可见,液氮研磨-超声波破碎法是一种稻曲病菌厚垣孢子破壁的有效、简便、适宜在实验室应用的方法。     

适用于双向电泳的米曲霉孢子破壁方法研究

为探究米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)孢子适用于双向电泳的最佳破壁方法,采用5种不同的破壁方法对米曲霉孢子进行破壁,用血球计数板进行破壁率计算,Bradford方法测定释出的可溶性蛋白含量,并进行双向电泳可行性验证。结果表明,在普通光学显微镜下,破壁后的米曲霉孢子多为碎片,极少数为孢壁内空圆球。5种破壁方法中石英砂研磨+超声、液氮研磨、MP·Fast-prep均质器法在孢子浓度较低(107个/m L)时破壁效果较佳,但是随着孢子浓度的不断提升(109个/m L),只有均质器法能保证较高的破壁率,破壁率高达90%,且适用于双向电泳的蛋白质提取。     

3种破壁方法提取念珠菌总RNA效果的比较

念珠菌是最主要的致病性真菌之一。随着医学分子生物学的发展,有关对念珠菌的致病基因及其表达的研究越来越广泛,进行这些研究的一个关键步骤就是RNA的提取。主要由几丁质组成的真菌的细胞壁厚且坚韧,因此破壁是提取念珠菌RNA的关键。常用破壁方法包括:热酸性酚裂解法破壁酶、液氮破壁、酸洗玻璃珠破壁、微波破壁等[1,2]。酶与细胞的孵育会影响RNA的质量[3],热酸性酚裂解法RNA提取效率不高[4],超声波破壁对实验室设备要求较高。本实验我们设计了国内外常用的液氮研磨、酸洗玻璃珠破壁法来提取RNA。另外,考虑到温度对RNA的影响,还加…     

高温湿热酸法破壁提取法夫酵母胞内虾青素

法夫酵母是一种能积累虾青素的红酵母, 对其进行破壁是当前虾青素工业化提取生产的瓶颈工艺。研究在高温湿热条件下,低浓度盐酸对法夫酵母破壁而提取其胞内虾青素的工艺。探讨了不同破壁温度、盐酸浓度、液料比与破壁处理时间等因素对法夫酵母破壁后虾青素及类胡萝卜素提取率的影响, 确定了高温湿热酸法破壁提取虾青素的最佳条件为: 饱和蒸汽压力 0.1 MPa (121°C), 盐酸浓度0.5 mol/L, 液料比 (V/W)30 mL/g, 破壁时间2 min。在最佳条件下进行中试放大实验, 可得到虾青素与类胡萝卜素的提取率分别为: (84.8±3.2)%, (93.3±2)%。经优化后的新破壁工艺安全高效, 不会有毒性残留, 具有良好的工业应用前景。     

放线菌DNA制备过程中胞壁破碎方法的改进

放线菌生物学研究中,经常要制备DNA。由于许多放线菌对溶菌酶不敏感,这些菌的破壁就很困难;用超声波破壁,所得DNA片段太短;用其他物理方法破壁(如冻融、减压、加温     

灵芝孢子粉破壁前后对力竭小鼠氧化损伤保护作用的比较

为探究破壁前后灵芝孢子粉对游泳力竭所致小鼠氧化损伤保护作用的差异,采用破壁前后灵芝孢子粉低、中、高剂量(0.12,0.24,0.48 g/kg)连续14d灌胃ICR级清洁小鼠,建立小鼠游泳力竭实验模型,通过检测小鼠肝脏及血清抗氧化、抗损伤指标变化及病理切片结果,对比灵芝孢子粉破壁前后抗氧化能力的差异.结果表明:破壁与未...     

用SDS-PAGE和Vorum银染法比较真菌菌丝体破壁效果

目的:研究不同处理方法对丝状真菌Pythium sp.GY1938菌丝体破壁效果的差异。方法:采用7种方法对真菌菌丝体进行破壁处理,将制备的胞内可溶蛋白质样品通过SDS-PAGE和Vorum法银染处理,比较不同破壁方法处理后蛋白质释放效果的优劣。结果:方法VI(石英砂、液氮、研磨)的破壁效果最好,蛋白质的分离效率和提取质量最高。结论:方法VI适合于丝状真菌Pythium sp.GY1938蛋白组学研究中目的蛋白的提取。     

花粉破壁的新方法

本文所介绍花粉破壁物理化学方法与现行的方法相比具有破壁率高.操作简单,成本低和便于推广应用的特点.     

三种李斯特菌菌体蛋白提取方法的比较

通过对3种李斯特菌菌体蛋白提取方法主要是破壁方式的比较,找到一种可高效提取李斯特菌菌体蛋白的方法,为该菌的深入研究提供可靠技术。以绵羊李斯特菌新鲜液体培养物为材料,收集菌沉淀,分别选用3种破壁方式破除细胞壁,三氯乙酸(trichloroacetic acid,TCA)-丙酮沉淀法沉淀破壁液中的菌体蛋白,采用聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)和Western-blot分析所得菌体蛋白。溶菌酶-超声破壁-TCA-丙酮沉淀法提取得到的李斯特菌菌体蛋白SDS-PAGE条带清晰丰富,Western-blot条带特异。溶菌酶-超声破壁-TCA-丙酮沉淀法可有效提取李斯特菌菌体蛋白,满足常用蛋白分析技术的要求,是一种提取李斯特菌菌体蛋白的可靠方法。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.