DAB诱发大白鼠肝癌过程中细胞质膜蛋白质双向电泳的研究

本实验以二甲基氨基偶氮苯（ＤＡＢ）诱发大白鼠肝癌的动物模型为材料,用电泳方法观察了在诱癌过程中中和肝癌形成后大白鼠肝细胞质膜上蛋白质的变化。肝细胞质膜蛋白ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳图谱显示：在诱癌４周,１６周的肝细胞和肝细胞癌的细胞质膜蛋白与正常肝比较没有显著差异,胆管癌细胞质膜蛋白的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳图谱与正常肝细胞比较,在１５．８ＫＤ～６９．２ＫＤ的带群中新出现一条深染的蛋白带。用双向电泳法方法,     

利用大肠杆菌表达系统进行葡萄糖－6－磷酸脱氢酶（G－6－PD）的生化鉴定

利用大肠杆菌表达系统进行葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ－６－ＰＤ）的生化鉴定卢义钦（湖南医科大学生化教研室,长沙４１００７８）关键词葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ－６－ＰＤ）,大肠杆菌,表达葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ６ＰＤ）缺乏症在各民族人群中均有发现,据估...     

龟裂链霉菌中zwf基因的克隆及其生物信息学分析

利用RT-PCR技术、巢式PCR技术、3′-RACE和5′-RACE技术从龟裂链霉菌K-16菌株中克隆获得zwf基因的全长cDNA序列。测序结果表明：经软件Vector NTI 11.0拼接zwf基因全长cDNA序列为1 679 bp,并带有一段很短的poly(A)尾巴,包含1 347 bp的开放读码框(ORF),编码一个含449个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。Blast2go生物信息学分析结果表明：该基因编码的酶为葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶,通过KEGG代谢途径注释明确该基因编码的酶是参与谷胱甘肽代谢和磷酸戊糖途径代谢的关键酶。     

实验性肝癌发生过程中纤维连接素(FN)表达的组织化学观察

本文对在用亚硝基吗啉(Nitrosomorpholine)诱发大鼠肝癌过程中,添给和未给中药制剂的动物肝组织中FN的表达特征,进行了对比观察。观察结果表明,诱癌早期阶段,肝病变灶中即呈FN变异,该种变异且呈现个体差异:有的表现为小叶各带FN均明显减少,有的为小叶中间带及周边带FN丧失,而另一些动物则部分肝组织FN反而有所增加。在肝硬化期,FN多沿结缔组织隔周分布,肝癌组织内FN减少。两组对比观察显示,实验组动物肝组织中FN丧失远较添加中药组严重。本文对FN减少的原因及意义进行了讨论。     

灭幼脲引起两种幼虫表皮组织病变的显微观察

本文研究了灭幼脲引起黄粉(虫甲)(Tenebrio mclitor)和粘虫(Mythimna separata)幼虫的中毒征象和组织学病变.低剂量能引起幼虫蜕皮障碍,但看不到明显的组织学病变.高剂量处理,不仅引起了严重的中毒征象,而且伴有明显的组织学病变:内表皮生长停滞,真皮细胞排列异常,在内表皮和真皮细胞之间出现附加层和球状颗粒.对这些现象进行了较细致的讨论.     

小鼠精子在附睾成熟过程中质膜糖蛋白的变化

利用蛋白印迹法研究了小鼠精子在附睾成熟过程中质膜糖蛋白的变化。结果表明：与花生凝集素结合的１０４ｋＤ和９５ｋＤ糖蛋白,与伴刀豆凝集素结合的１１７、１１４、１０４、８７、７６、７０ｋＤ糖蛋白在睾丸中已完成了蛋白合成及修饰过程;与伴刀豆凝集素结合的１２０ｋＤ和６５ｋＤ糖蛋白,与双花扁豆凝集素结合的５４ｋＤ糖蛋白在精子附睾成熟过程中被修饰成其它种类的蛋白或被丢失。与伴刀豆凝集素结合的１０９ｋＤ糖蛋白,与     

肝炎平对D－氨基半乳精所致肝损害保护作用的酶组织化学研究

本实验采用Ｄ－氨基半乳糖（Ｄ－ＧａｌＮ）诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察大鼠肝脏组织化学的变化,探讨肝炎平对急性肝损伤的保护作用。实验分为四组,即正常对照组、模型组、肝炎平及肝得健保护组。结果表明：肝炎平对肝细胞膜系统有一定的保护作用。肝炎平组和肝得健组ＳＤＨ、ＣＣＯ及ＣｈＥ活性明显高于模型组,且与正常对照组相近。本实验模型组ＡＣＰ的活性明显高于正常组,而肝炎平组ＡＣＰ的活性明显低于模型组,与正常对照组无显著性差异。提示：肝炎平可显著改善因Ｄ－氨基半乳糖所致肝损害的作用。且其对肝细胞的保护作用与肝得健一致。     

大鼠内毒素血症不同时期血浆CGRP和背根神经节CGRP mRNA水平的变化

本文采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）方法测定大鼠内毒素血症不同时期胸腰段背根神经节降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）mRNA水平的改变,结合血浆CGRP水平的改变,以期全面了解大鼠内毒素血症不同时期CGRP释放与合成的变化。结果显示：注射内毒素（5mg／kg）后30min时,大鼠血浆CGRP开始增高,而背根神经节CGRPmRNA水平无明显变化;注射内毒素后3h时,血浆CGRP及背根神经节CGRPmRNA均明显增高．分别为142％和32％,8h时则进一步增高,分别为216％和85％。提示内毒素不仅刺激外周组织释放CGRP,而且还能通过某些机制激活背根神经节CGRPmRNA的转录,使CGRP合成增加,以作为CGRP大量释放的重要补充来源。     

ACYLATION OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDES BY PLASMA MEMBRANE FRACTIONS OF RAT LIVER

The plasma membrane fraction of rat liver was isolated and incubated with labeled lysophosphatides in the presence of cofactors; the acylation of lysolecithin to lecithin by the fraction was compared to that of the rough and smooth microsomes. The purity of the isolated fractions was ascertained by enzyme markers and electron microscopy, and the maximal contamination of the plasma membrane fraction by microsomes did not exceed 20%. Under conditions at which the reaction was proportional to the amount of enzyme used, the plasma membrane had a specific activity similar to that of the smooth and rough microsomes. With doubly labeled lysolecithin (containing palmitic acid-¹⁴C and choline-³H) it was shown that the lecithin formed retained the same ratio of the two labels, which indicated that lysolecithin was converted to lecithin through an acylation reaction. The newly formed lecithin was shown to be bound to the plasma membrane fraction; this suggested that it is incorporated into the structure of the membrane itself.     

THE FINE STRUCTURE OF PROLIFERATING CELLS IN PRENEOPLASTIC RAT LIVERS DURING AZO-DYE CARCINOGENESIS

The continuous feeding of the carcinogenic aminoazo dye DAB to rats produces hyperbasophilic foci in the preneoplastic livers. After injections of thymidine-³H into the rats, such foci were isolated from the livers and studied by radioautography with the phase-contrast and electron microscopes. In these foci, the only cells found to be proliferating, as determined by the uptake of thymidine-³H into their nuclei, were a poorly differentiated type; well differentiated hepatocytes in the same regions were not labeled with the isotope. The labeled cells had an irregular cell outline and a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio; the cytoplasm had almost completely lost the specialized elements characteristic of hepatocytes; the irregular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, the altered mitochondria, and the increased free ribosomes noted in these cells are features which are characteristic of neoplastic cells induced by DAB. Thus, it seems likely that the hyperbasophilic foci represent the sites of extensive dedifferentiation of hepatocytes followed by rapid cellular proliferation, leading to neoplastic growth.     

大鼠肝细胞核膜脂质过氧化对核DNA影响的研究

采用大鼠肝脏细胞核为材料,研究了核膜脂质过氧化对核ＤＮＡ的影响。证实核膜脂质过氧化可以引起ＤＮＡ损伤,表现为ＤＮＡ的增色效应、熔解温度、从ＤＮＡ向ＥＢ的能量转移效率降低,圆二色谱发生显著变化。另外受损ＤＮＡ对ＤＮａｓｅⅠ产生明显抗性和琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果提示核膜脂质过氧化引起的ＤＮＡ损伤可能以交联为主,同时利用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）直接观察到了交联ＤＮＡ的生成。各种自由基清除剂对ＤＮＡ损伤保护的差异说明脂类自由基可能在活性氧自由基引起的ＤＮＡ损伤中具有重要作用。     

致癌大鼠肝细胞内蛋白磷酸化

本实验观察到二乙基亚硝胺(DENA)致癌大鼠肝细胞液及颗粒提取液中P21及P42磷酸化都比正常肝高,增高的程度似与肝细胞癌变相关。新生一天及四天大鼠肝中P21及P42磷酸化也有增高,但再生肝中不增高。磷酸化21的磷酸根接在丝氨酸羟基,PP21不含磷酸酪氨酸或磷酸苏氨酸,或含量极微。