甜瓜花粉母细胞减数分裂及雄配子体的细胞学研究

以薄皮和厚皮类型甜瓜为试材,采用改良的染色体制片方法,系统观察了甜瓜花粉母细胞的减数分裂及雄配子体发育的过程,结果表明:(1)甜瓜细胞核减数分裂的同步性较高,细胞质是同时型分裂,在细胞核分裂的过程中,核仁在前期Ⅰ到中期Ⅰ逐渐消失,在前期Ⅱ再次出现,随后消失,染色体在前期Ⅰ到中期Ⅰ逐渐收缩,变得清晰,至末期Ⅰ变得模糊,在前期Ⅱ再次清晰;(2)2种类型甜瓜终变期的染色体构型都以环状二价体为主;(3)在后期Ⅱ,观察到染色体的垂直和平行2种分离方式;(4)在前期Ⅰ和前期Ⅱ,伽师瓜"形成了多个较小的核仁,呈现一定的特殊性;(5)雄配子体发育经历了单核期和双核期,最后形成了成熟的花粉粒.研究表明,薄皮和厚皮类型甜瓜减数分裂的染色体行为基本一致,没有明显差异;伽师瓜"的核仁数量表现特殊可能与其长期的生态适应性有关.     

东乡野生稻与栽培稻正反交种间杂种F_1的雄配子发生与发育

该文以东乡野生稻与栽培稻（美国光壳稻P1003）的正反交种间杂种F1（正交为光壳稻P1003×东乡野生稻;反交为东乡野生稻×光壳稻P1003）为试材,研究其各个减数分裂时期的染色体行为特征、染色体交换重组及雄配子发育特点。结果表明：正反交杂种F1花粉母细胞细胞核减数分裂的同步性较高,细胞质为连续型胞质分裂类型。在细胞核分裂的过程中,核仁在前期I到中期I逐渐消失。染色体在前期I到中期I逐渐收缩,变得更加清晰可见。在终变期和中期I,90.54%以上的花粉母细胞能形成12个二价体（含少数棒状二价体和8字型二价体）,部分花粉母细胞（正交9.46%,反交7.65%）出现少量的单价体、三价体和四价体。后期I观察到1.27%–1.35%的花粉母细胞含有1至数条落后染色体。最终有92.6%–94.8%的小孢子能发育成形态正常、染色能力强的成熟花粉粒。另外,在正交杂种F1的粗线期中存在2个核仁,而反交杂种F1及其双亲的粗线期只有1个核仁。这些研究结果可为作物品种改良、种质资源创新以及种间亲缘关系研究提供细胞学证据。     

黄瓜花粉母细胞减数分裂及其雄配子体发育的细胞学研究

以南方型和北方型两个生态型黄瓜为材料,用改良的染色和制片方法,较为系统的研究了黄瓜花粉母细胞(PMC)减数分裂及其雄配子体的发育过程。结果表明：①黄瓜减数分裂属于同时型胞质分裂,双线期染色体具有明显的交叉节并呈现出较易识别的棒状或环状形态,在末期Ⅰ和末期Ⅱ有多核仁和核仁融合现象;②在四分体时期的小孢子成十字交叉形(decussate type),而非四边形(isobilateral type);③雄配子体发育过程中观察到两核居中期的特殊现象,在核居中期小孢子只有一层壁,而在核靠边期小孢子出现了两层壁;④黄瓜的成熟花粉粒属于两核花粉粒。     

东乡野生稻与栽培稻正反交种间杂种F1的雄配子发生与发育

该文以东乡野生稻与栽培稻(美国光壳稻P1003)的正反交种间杂种F₁(正交为光壳稻P1003×东乡野生稻; 反交为东乡野生稻×光壳稻P1003)为试材, 研究其各个减数分裂时期的染色体行为特征、染色体交换重组及雄配子发育特点。结果表明: 正反交杂种F₁花粉母细胞细胞核减数分裂的同步性较高, 细胞质为连续型胞质分裂类型。在细胞核分裂的过程中, 核仁在前期I到中期I逐渐消失。染色体在前期I到中期I逐渐收缩, 变得更加清晰可见。在终变期和中期I, 90.54%以上的花粉母细胞能形成12个二价体(含少数棒状二价体和8字型二价体), 部分花粉母细胞(正交9.46%, 反交7.65%)出现少量的单价体、三价体和四价体。后期I观察到1.27%–1.35%的花粉母细胞含有1至数条落后染色体。最终有92.6%–94.8%的小孢子能发育成形态正常、染色能力强的成熟花粉粒。另外, 在正交杂种F₁的粗线期中存在2个核仁, 而反交杂种F₁及其双亲的粗线期只有1个核仁。这些研究结果可为作物品种改良、种质资源创新以及种间亲缘关系研究提供细胞学证据。     

多头绒泡菌细胞核周期的电镜研究

多头绒泡菌PhysarumpolycophalumSchw的营养生长阶段为没有细胞壁的原生质团（合胞体）,内部众多的细胞核进行着同步的核内有丝分裂,本文电镜下研究了细胞核在有丝分裂周期中的结构变化。有丝分裂前期,染色质经松散改组和集缩形成染色体,核仁由中央移向边缘,并在近核膜处解体;中期核膜不消失,在核内形成纺锤体,核仁解体后的物质是不规则状散在于核内;有丝分裂后核膜的破裂处重新愈合,染色体解集缩成染色质,分散的核仁物质逐渐合并形成新的核仁。     

紫鸭跖草花粉母细胞减数分裂细胞核和染色体含有F—肌动蛋白

肌动蛋白间接免疫荧光标记实验观察到紫鸭跖草花粉母细胞减数分裂前期Ⅰ细胞核,中期┘染色体,二分体和四分体均发现较明亮的黄绿色荧光,说明其中含有肌动蛋白。经ＴＲＩＴ－Ｃ鬼等环肽荧光标记后,减数分裂前Ⅰ细胞核,二分枝及中期Ⅰ染色体均发现较明亮的红色荧光;ＣＤ处理后细胞核和染色体的荧光明显减弱或没有荧光,说明其中存在Ｆ－肌动蛋白。     

烟草小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中微管分布变化

应用间接免疫荧光标记技术和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜成像技术观察了烟草小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中微管的分布变化。在减数分裂前期,小孢子母细胞中的微管较短,随机分散在细胞质中。在减数分裂中期,细胞质中微管形成纺锤体,控制染色体的分布。进入减数分裂I后期,部分纺锤体微管将两组染色体拉向两级。在减数分裂Ⅱ中期,细胞中的微管又形成两个纺锤体。在减数分裂Ⅱ后期,纺锤体微管解聚为微管蛋白分散在细胞质中。胞质分裂发生在四个细胞核形成之后,通过细胞核之间的质膜向内缢缩分隔四个细胞核,产生四个小孢子。     

起源于籼稻体细胞培养的联会消失变异的细胞遗传学研究

对表现不育的体细胞培养再生植株作减数分裂细胞遗传学分析发现,一株由IR54幼穗外植体起源的不育株(二倍体)为部分联会消失变异。其减数分裂早前期染色体配对正常,在终变期及中期Ⅰ观察到了数目不等的单价染色体,后期Ⅰ出现各种数目的落后染色体。由于减数分裂时染色体不平衡而导致该再生植株不育。     

胡杨小孢子发生及微管骨架变化与异常研究

利用压片法和间接免疫荧光结合DAPI(4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)染色法,对胡杨小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中微管骨架变化和染色体行为进行观察研究。结果表明:（1）胡杨小胞子母细胞减数分裂进程中染色体行为正常,其中:偶线期可观察到单价体,中期Ⅰ会出现落后染色体,末期Ⅰ和末期Ⅱ的核仁呈现动态变化。（2）胡杨小孢子发生过程中细胞内微管骨架呈动态变化过程,其中:中期Ⅱ形成平行纺锤体以及三极纺锤体;末期Ⅱ未观察到典型的成膜体结构,同时型胞质分裂受子核间辐射微管系统调节,通过胞质向心收缩而发生,胞质分裂后形成四边形和四面体型四分体。（3）胡杨小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中还存在各种异常细胞学现象,其中:中期Ⅱ平行纺锤体发生融合;中期Ⅱ 和后期Ⅱ孢母细胞两个纺锤体间的胞质会出现裂沟;四分体时期存在三分体和二分体,并产生天然2n花粉和连体花粉。     

多头绒泡菌细胞核周期的电镜研究

多头绒泡菌Ｐｈｙｓａｒｕｍ ｐｏｌｙｃｅｐｈａｌｕｍ Ｓｃｈｗ的营养生长 没有细胞壁的原生质团（合胞体）,内部众多的细胞核进行着同步的核内有丝分裂,本文电镜下研究了细胞核在有丝分裂周期中的结构变化。有丝分裂前期,染色质经松散改组和集缩形成染色体,核仁由中央移向边缘,并在近核膜处解体;中期核膜不消失,在核内形成纺锤体,核仁解体后的物质呈不规则状散在于核内;有丝分裂后核膜的破裂处重新愈合,染色体解集缩     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.