一种简单的分离提取水稻叶片中IAA,ABA和GAs的方法

一种简单的分离提取水稻叶片中ＩＡＡ,ＡＢＡ和ＧＡｓ的方法赵玉锦,王台,童哲（中国科学院植物研究所,１０００４４）ＡＳＩＭＰＬＩＦＩＥＤＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＥＸＴＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＮＤＯＧＥＮＯＵＳＩＡＡ,ＡＢＡＡＮＤＧＡｓＦＲＯＭＲＩＣＥＬＥＡＶＥ￥...     

油蒿和籽蒿种子化学组成的研究

油蒿和籽蒿种子化学组成的研究鲁作民（中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所,兰州７３００００）ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＳＩＮＳＥＥＤＳＯＦＡＲＴＥＭＩＳＩＡＯＲＤＯＳＩＣＡＡＮＤＡ．ＳＰＨＡＥＲＯＣＥＰＨＡＬＡ￥ＬｕＺｕｏ－ｍｉｎ（...     

一种从鱼类卵巢制备地高辛标记mtDNA探针的简易方法

一种从鱼类卵巢制备地高辛标记ｍｔＤＮＡ探针的简易方法＊ＡＳＩＭＰＬＥＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＧＥＴＴＩＮＧＤＩＧＯＸＩＧＥＮＩＮＬＡＢＥＬＩＮＧＰＲＯＢＬＥＯＦｍｔＤＮＡＦＲＯＭＯＶＡＲＹＯＦＦＩＳＨ关键词鱼类,线粒体ＤＮＡ,地高辛标记ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＦｉ...     

三种观赏植物的染色体研究

三种观赏植物的染色体研究黄少甫,赵治芬（中国林科院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳３１１４００）关键词翠菊,百日菊,溪荪,染色体,核型ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＣＨＲＯＭＯＳＯＭＥＳＯＦＴＨＲＥＥＧＡＲＤＥＮＰＬＡＮＴＳ￥ＨｕａｎｇＳｈａｏｆｕａｎｄＺｈａｏＺｈｉ...     

一种简便快速的蛋白质免疫印渍法介绍

一种简便快速的蛋白质免疫印渍法介绍骆爱玲,王继伟,李佳格（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）ＡＳＩＭＰＬＥＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＰＲＯＴＥＩＮＢＬＯＴＴＩＮＧＡＮＤＬＭＭＵＮＯＡＳＳＡＹＬｕｏＡｉ－ｌｉｎｇ;ＷａｎｇＪｉ－ｗｅｉ;Ｌｉｊｉａ－ｇｅ（...     

中尺度底栖生态系中贝类群落对柴油污染效应的初步研究

中尺度底栖生态系中贝类群落对柴油污染效应的初步研究唐森铭,庄栋法（国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,厦门,３６１００５）ＡＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＲＥＳＰＯＮＳＥＯＦＭＯＬＬＵＳＣＣＯＭＭＵＮＩＴＹＴＯＤＩＥＳＥＬＰＯＬＬＵＴＩＯＮＳＵＳＩ...     

DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS VIRUS AND VIRAL RNA IN THE MYOCARDIUM OF MICE INFECTED EXPERIMENTALLY WITH COXSACKIE VIRUS’B

ＤＥＴＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＩＮＦＥＣＴＩＯＵＳＶＩＲＵＳＡＮＤＶＩＲＡＬＲＮＡＩＮＴＨＥＭＹＯＣＡＲＤＩＵＭＯＦＭＩＣＥＩＮＦＥＣＴＥＤＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＬＹＷＩＴＨＣＯＸＳＡＣＫＩＥＶＩＲＵＳ’Ｂ３ＸｉａｏｍｅｉＯｕｙａｎｇ,ＨｏｎｇｙｉＺｈａｎ...     

防止石蜡切片材料染色时脱落的简易方法

防止石蜡切片材料染色时脱落的简易方法张松林,金芝兰（西北师范大学生物系,兰州７３００１０）ＡＳＩＭＰＬＥＭＥＴＨＯＤＴＯＰＲＥＶＥＮＴＴＨＥＳＰＥＣＩＭＥＮＯＦＰＡＲＡＦＦＩＮＳＥＣＴＩＯＮＴＲＯＭＳＨＥＤＤＩＮＧＤＵＲＩＮＧＳＴＡＩＮＩＮＧ￥Ｚｈａ...     

一种适用于双向电泳凝胶的染色方法

一种适用于双向电泳凝胶的染色方法＊王台（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００９３）ＡＭＥＴＨＯＤＴＯＳＴＡＩＮＴＨＥＧＥＬＯＦＴＷＯ－ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＡＬＧＥＬＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＰＨＯＲＥＳＩＳＷａｎｇＴａｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,Ａｃａｄ...     

拟南芥：植物分子生物学研究的模式物种

拟南芥：植物分子生物学研究的模式物种陈璋（福建省花卉研究中心福州３５０００２）ＡＲＡＢＩＤＯＰＳＩＳＴＨＡＬＩＡＮＡＡＳＡＭＯＤＥＬＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＦＯＲＰＬＡＮＴＭＯＬＥＣＵＬＡＲＢＩＯＬＯＧＹＳＴＵＤＩＥＳ￥ＣｈｅｎＺｈａｎｇ（ＦｕｊｉａｎＰｒｏｕ...     

Variation on reaction norm in lodgepole pine natural populations

Variations on the norm of reaction among ten natural lodgepole pine populations sampled from three lodgepole pine subspecies (Pinus contorta ssp. contorta, ssp. latifolia and ssp. murrayana) were studied by using 20 year heights measured in 57 provenance test sites across interior British Columbia (B.C.). There were significant population by site interactions. Concurrent joint regression and the AMMI model were used to dissect these population by environmental interactions. Joint regression analysis indicated that three populations (from the northwest) had a negative linear regression coefficient with environmental deviation, three (from central and southeast sites) had a positive regression coefficient and four (from the southwest) had a zero regression coefficient. The AMMI model revealed a similar pattern of reaction norm among the ten populations. But the three significant IPCA axes, which captured twice as much of the G × E sum of squares than joint regression, were more effective in separating the ten populations and associating their performance with the climate of test sites and their origin. The variation patterns of reaction norm in lodgepole pine populations demonstrated that adaptation of lodgepole pine natural populations to the various physical environments, at sub-species as well as at population level, was due largely to a balance between selection for high growth potential in less severe environments and selection for high cold hardiness in severe environments. Received: 4 May 2000 / Accepted: 10 November 2000     

对应用几种统计模型评价甘蔗品种稳定性的初步比较

利用广东省2009年甘蔗品种区域试验产量数据,对线性回归模型、AMMI模型和LR-PCA模型在评价甘蔗品种稳定性方面的应用进行了初步比较,结果发现,回归法计算简便、直观,AMMI模型和LR-PCA模型的分析结果则更全面、深入,而这两种模型之间仍存在着一定差异.实际操作中,在根据不同的数据资料选择相适宜的分析方法的同时,也可以采用不同的方法进行分析,通过比较选择较为合理的结果.     

Predictive and postdictive success of statistical analyses of yield trials

Summary The accuracy of a yield trial can be increased by improved experimental techniques, more replicates, or more efficient statistical analyses. The third option involves nominal fixed costs, and is therefore very attractive. The statistical analysis recommended here combines the Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model with a predictive assessment of accuracy. AMMI begins with the usual analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compute genotype and environment additive effects. It then applies principal components analysis (PCA) to analyze non-additive interaction effects. Tests with a New York soybean yield trial show that the predictive accuracy of AMMI with only two replicates is equal to the predictive accuracy of means based on five replicates. The effectiveness of AMMI increases with the size of the yield trial and with the noisiness of the data. Statistical analysis of yield trials with the AMMI model has a number of promising implications for agronomy and plant breeding research programs.This research was supported by the Rhizobotany Project of the USDA-ARS     

Full and reduced models for yield trials

Summary Empirical results routinely demonstrate that the reduced Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model achieves better predictive accuracy for yield trials than does the full treatment means model. It may seem mysterious that treatment means are not the most accurate estimates, but rather that the AMMI model is often more accurate than its data. The statistical explanation involves the Stein effect, whereby a small sacrifice in bias can produce a large gain in accuracy. The corresponding agricultural explanation is somewhat complex, beginning with a yield trial's design and ending with its research purposes and applications. In essence, AMMI selectively recovers pattern related to the treatment design in its model, while selectively relegating noise related to the experimental design in its discarded residual. For estimating the yield of a particular genotype in a particular environment, the AMMI model uses the entire yield trial, rather than only the several replications of this particular trial, as in the treatment means model. This use of more information is the source of AMMI's gain in accuracy.This research was supported by the Rhizobotany Project of the USDA-ARS     

甘蔗品种主要性状的基因型与环境及其互作效应分析

用AMMI模型双标图对国家第六轮甘蔗品种区域试验5个试点的12个甘蔗品种试验数据进行分析,研究甘蔗区试中不同品种的产量稳定性问题。结果表明,参试品种的6个产量性状在品种间和地点间差异显著,品种与地点的互作效应差异显著;FN30、YG16蔗茎产量和含糖量高,稳定性强,属于高产、稳产性较好的品种。AMMI模型很好地解释了甘蔗品种产量性状的基因型效应、环境效应和GE互作效应。     

对基于AMMI模型的品种稳定性分析方法的一点改进

对新近提出的基于AMMI模型的品种稳定性分析方法作了改进。该方法是以一个品种（或基因型）在交互效应主成分轴（IPCA）空间中与原点的距离（记为D）作为该品种的稳定性指标的。本文建议在计算D时根据各个IPCA对变异的相对贡献大小对品种在各IPCA轴上的得分进行加权。实例分析表明,这一方法明显提高了AMMI分析估价的品种稳定性结果与其它经典方法结果的一致性。 Abstract： An improvement is made on the newly proposed method of variety stability analysis based on the AMMI model.In the method,the distance (denoted as D) of a variety (or genotype) to the origin in the space of IPCA is used as an index of variety stability.In this paper,it is suggested that in the calculation of D,a variety's score on each IPCA be weighted according to the relative contribution of the IPCA to the variation.Analysis of a practical example has shown that with such a method,consistency between the results of variety stability obtained by the AMMI－based analysis and those obtained by other classical methods can be significantly improved.     

Use of AMMI and linear regression models to analyze genotype-environment interaction in durum wheat

Summary The joint durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L var durum) breeding program of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) for the Mediterranean region employs extensive multilocation testing. Multilocation testing produces significant genotype-environment (GE) interaction that reduces the accuracy for estimating yield and selecting appropriate germ plasm. The sum of squares (SS) of GE interaction was partitioned by linear regression techniques into joint, genotypic, and environmental regressions, and by Additive Main effects and the Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) model into five significant Interaction Principal Component Axes (IPCA). The AMMI model was more effective in partitioning the interaction SS than the linear regression technique. The SS contained in the AMMI model was 6 times higher than the SS for all three regressions. Postdictive assessment recommended the use of the first five IPCA axes, while predictive assessment AMMI1 (main effects plus IPCA1). After elimination of random variation, AMMI1 estimates for genotypic yields within sites were more precise than unadjusted means. This increased precision was equivalent to increasing the number of replications by a factor of 3.7.     

Integration of statistical and physiological analyses of adaptation of near-isogenic barley lines

Seven near-isogenic barley lines, differing for three independent mutant genes, were grown in 15 environments in Spain. Genotype x environment interaction (G x E) for grain yield was examined with the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The results of this statistical analysis of multilocation yield-data were compared with a morpho-physiological characterization of the lines at two sites (Molina-Cano et al. 1990). The first two principal component axes from the AMMI analysis were strongly associated with the morpho-physiological characters. The independent but parallel discrimination among genotypes reflects genetic differences and highlights the power of the AMMI analysis as a tool to investigate G x E. Characters which appear to be positively associated with yield in the germplasm under study could be identified for some environments.     

Heritability of and correlations among genotype-by-environment stability statistics for grain yield in bread wheat

Several genotype-by-environment stability measures are in use, but little information exists about their inheritance or genetic inter-relationships. Among those measures in common use are the linear regression coefficient (b), deviations from regression (s_b), coefficient of determination (R²), coefficient of phenotypic variation (CPV) and, more recently, interaction principal components (IPCA) of the additive-main-effect-and-multiplicative-interaction (AMMI) model. Because of the factorial structure of the data, the diallel cross is well suited to study these parameters and their relationship to quantitative traits. For this study a complete diallel cross, derived by mating eight lines from a broad based bread wheat breeding population, was grown for several growing seasons at two Ugandan locations, one of which was prone to yellow rust. Stability parameters and grain yield were measured for each cross. CPV had the highest narrow-sense heritability (h²=0.522) followed by IPCA1 of the AMMI (h²=0.461). Lowest narrow-sense heritabilities were calculated for b and R² (h²=0.150 and 0.100 respectively). There were high additive genetic correlations (r_A) between grain yield and CPV (r_A=−0.933), grain yield and IPCA1 (r_A=0.707), and grain yield and IPCA2 (r_A=0.751). The genetic association between CPV and IPCA1 was also high and negative (r_A= −0.934). These results suggest that it may be possible to select simultaneously for high and stable grain yield in this broad-based bread wheat breeding pool by selecting outyielders that exhibit a low CPV. Received: 25 July 2000 / Accepted: 7 December 2000     

Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction model for a diallel-cross analysis

Diallel mating designs have proved informative in determining the inheritance of quantitative traits of interest to plant breeders. Apart from the well-established analyses of a complete diallel, the two-way factorial data structure of this design lends itself to analysis by the additive-main-effects-and-multiplicative-interaction (AMMI) model. This research article describes the joint application of the AMMI model and Griffing’s method 1, model I, to gain insight into the breeding value of inbred lines in a self-pollinated crop such as disomic, hexaploid bread wheat. Data from a multi-environment trial of a complete diallel cross between eight lines adapted to the East African highlands were analyzed to provide an example of this joint analysis. This combined approach identified not only the direction of a cross, i.e. which parent should be male or female, but also which crosses produce offspring showing F₁ heterosis. Received: 10 June 2000 / Accepted: 31 July 2000