Dream work with children: Perceptions and practices of school mental health professionals.

In this study, 49 public school mental health practitioners (school counselors, school psychologists, and school social workers) completed a survey about working with students’ dreams. The majority of these practitioners reported having at least one student bring up dreams during counseling, more frequently with troubling dreams and nightmares or when coping with grief. Results showed that practitioners were less likely to talk about dreams with students who had been identified with an adjustment disorder, psychosis, or eating disorder; those who were oppositional or ill; and those who struggled with substance abuse problems. Although most practitioners did not feel competent working with children’s dreams and reported minimal training in dream work, they were interested in learning more about children’s dreams and potential uses of dream work in supportive counseling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Working with Dreams in Psychotherapy: The Therapists' Perspective

129 therapists completed a 70-item questionnaire about working with dreams in psychotherapy. Almost all therapists (92%) worked with dreams in psychotherapy at least occasionally. Therapists reported that 15% of clients had brought dreams into therapy during the past year. Therapists engaged more in exploratory than insight- or action-oriented activities when working with dreams. They were more likely to work on dreams with clients who had troubling dreams or who were interested in working on dreams, but were unlikely to work on dreams with schizophrenic or psychotic clients. Those clinicians who were more likely to work with dreams had more training, higher estimated dream recall, more positive attitudes toward dreams, and did more personal dream work than clinicians who were not likely to work with dreams.     

Dream Recall Frequency, Attitude Towards Dreams and Openness to Experience

The question whether personality dimensions explain the interindividual differences in dream recall frequency has often been investigated by dream researchers. The present findings confirm previous research which has shown that traits such as openness-to-experience and thin boundaries correlate substantially with dream recall frequency. However, correlation coefficients are small and are much larger if attitude towards dreams or a scale measuring different aspects of dream recall are considered. Thus, future studies should consider the differentiation between items measuring dream recall and related aspects and items measuring attitudes towards dreams. Schonbar's life-style hypothesis should be revised slightly: not dream recall frequency but attitude towards dreams and the way to deal with dreams are part of a broader life style.     

Dumuzi's Dream: Dream Analysis in Ancient Mesopotamia.

Mesopotamian civilization was the first to develop writing and the first from which literary texts remain, dating back to the late 3rd millennium B.C. Some of these texts contain accounts of dreams, especially of royal figures. The earliest of these texts, evidently the earliest recorded dream in history, is the dream of Dumuzi of Uruk. This dream is embedded within the framework of the larger epic of the Descent of Inanna, and not only is the dream text itself included but also its interpretation, by Dumuzi's sister Geshtin-anna. She appears to have played the role of a professional dream interpretress. There are also several cylinder seals that appear to depict the motifs of Dumuzi's dream. This article examines this dream and its interpretation within the Mesopotamian cultural context. It also compares the dream with several other well-known dream texts from Mesopotamia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dream interpretation sessions for college students in Taiwan: Who benefits and what volunteer clients view as most and least helpful.

The purpose of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Attitudes Toward Dream measure (ATD) and examine the outcome of dream interpretation for college students in Taiwan. In a sample of 574 college students, factor analysis revealed a single factor for the ATD-Chinese. In the second stage, 60 volunteer clients were assigned randomly to an experimental or control condition. Significant differences were found between experimental and control conditions for postsession ATD-Chinese scores. Initial attitudes toward dreams did not influence perceived gains from dream sessions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The logical structure of dreams and their relation to reality.

The contradictions and non sequiturs often found in dreams (or, equivalently, dream-narratives) are not in fact logical errors, but express and work with a type of logic that characterizes the deepest dimensions of our waking reality. These are the dimensions in which we deal with ourselves as a whole, our lives as a whole, or with the sense of reality as a whole. We do so, for example, in situations of deep personal transformation, or of recognition of deep difference of outlook. The paper argues that the logic of these situations is validly one of contradiction and non sequitur, that dreams sometimes express and work with these kinds of situations, and that these kinds of dreams therefore validly involve the same kind of logic. These kinds of dreams consequently also express insight into the sense that our lives or existence as a whole has for us. In achieving that insight, they actively orient, situate, or resituate us in our relation to our lives or existence as a whole. In this respect they are in themselves a practice of philosophy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predictors of Intention to Act and Implementation of Action in Dream Sessions: Therapist Skills, Level of Difficulty of Action Plan, and Client Involvement.

The authors examined predictors of intention to act and implementation of action in the C. E. Hill (1996, 2004; see also records 1996-98128-000 and 2003-07019-000) 3-stage (exploration, insight, action) dream model. Thirty adult volunteer clients participated in two 90-min dream sessions. On average, clients said at the end of sessions that they intended to carry out their action plans and then actually did implement their action plans after the sessions. Intention to carry out the action plan was predicted by the client's perceptions of therapist action skills, client involvement, and the level of difficulty of the action plan. Implementation of action was predicted by the level of difficulty of the action plan and the client's intention to carry out the plan. Implications for the Hill dream model and for research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dream content: Reflections of the emotional and psychological states of earthquake survivors.

This study investigated dream narratives as reflections of the emotional and psychological states of earthquake survivors. Dreams and dreams imagery have reportedly been affected by the emotional and psychological trauma that the dreamer goes through. Dream narratives and dream content ratings used in earlier studies were utilized in this study. Narratives and content ratings were obtained from a sample of 27 volunteer survivors of the October 8, 2005 earthquake in Pakistan (Azad Kashmir area) and 27 volunteer controls from similar demographics. Three independent raters judged the dream narratives and dream content ratings. The judges rating were highly congruent (86.05). Findings revealed that the survivor group had more vivid, unpleasant, horrifying, and hostile dreams compared with the control group. However, there were no significant gender differences. The data suggest that a closer study of dreams can be used to understand the underlying trauma for effective interventions. In addition, interesting emergence of recurrent dreams was seen, which will be independently studied in future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ordinary and Recurrent Dream Recall of Active, Past and Non-recurrent Dreamers During and After Academic Stress

The role of stress in the onset and frequency of recurrent dreams was investigated by comparing dream recall of students undergoing naturalistic stress conditions. Thirty nine students in active, past and non-recurrent dream groups (n = 13) recorded frequency of nights per week involving overall and recurrent dream recall in the week prior to mid-term examinations and in a neutral study week in second semester. Self-report measures of everyday hassles and uplifts, anxiety and positive and negative affect experienced during these conditions were also collected. Anxiety and negative affect were reported as significantly higher in the pre-examination week. Overall the groups reported dreams on significantly more nights in the pre-examination week than the post examination week. Recurrent dream nights increased during the stress week for the active recurrent dream group but there was no change in recurrent dream recall for the other groups. These findings are consistent with theories that the experience of emotional stress is a critical factor in the onset and persistence of recurrent dreams.     

Interpersonal content of dreams in relation to the process and outcome of single sessions using the Hill Dream Model.

The authors coded 67 dreams into 5 categories for interpersonal content (7 positive, 20 negative, 9 agency, 16 nightmares, and 15 noninterpersonal); an additional 90 dreams were excluded because they had multiple or ambiguous interpersonal themes. The authors then compared the process (client involvement and therapist competence) and outcome (insight gains, action gains, session evaluation, and change in target problems) of dream sessions in which therapists used the Hill model for the 5 different types of dreams. Process and outcome were better for clients who presented positive, agency, and noninterpersonal dreams than for clients who presented negative dreams and nightmares. Implications for practice and research are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Dream Will Tell: Militant Muslim Dreaming in the Context of Traditional and Contemporary Islamic Dream Theory and Practice.

Al-Qaeda and Taliban leadership and membership appear to have been motivated, inspired, and guided by certain dreams. Their understanding of dreams seems to draw at least partly on traditional and contemporary Islamic dream theories. If this hypothesis is correct, then there is a need for the urgent study of Islamic Jihadist political/religious conversion and guidance dreams across the Middle East. The dream-as experienced, reported, and interpreted-is now a significant aspect of the global conflict between Al-Qaeda and its associates versus the core value system of Western civilization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predictors of outcome of dream work for East Asian volunteer clients: Dream factors, attachment anxiety, Asian values, and therapist input.

Eighty-eight East Asian volunteers were paired with 6 East Asian therapists who provided low or high input in single-dream sessions. Volunteer clients with poor initial functioning on the target problem associated with their dreams and high self-efficacy for working with dreams profited more from dream sessions than did their counterparts. Although no main effects were found for therapist input, volunteer clients who scored higher on attachment anxiety had better outcome in the low-input condition, whereas clients who scored lower on attachment anxiety had better outcome in the high-input condition. Volunteer clients with lower Asian values evaluated low-input sessions more positively, whereas volunteer clients with higher Asian values evaluated high-input sessions more positively. Implications for dream work and future research are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Using dreams in cognitive behavioral psychotherapy: Theory, method, and examples.

Dream analysis can be a fruitful complementary technique in cognitive–behavioral therapy, providing it is based on a theoretical conception of dreaming and an interpretation method that are both compatible with the principles and methodology of CBT. The present paper first presents some aspects of a cognitive conception of dreaming explaining the occurrence and specificities of dream representations by their production processes. The next section describes an interpretation method that gives the patients the opportunity to find some sources and meanings of their dreams. Finally examples are given of the different ways in which the result of a dream interpretation contributed to therapy. Thanks to their condensed and often exaggerated treatment of a theme, dreams often facilitate becoming aware of cognitive distortions and schemas and help to proceed to cognitive restructuring. They also give to the therapists an opportunity to underline the patient’s resources. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predictors,Neuroimaging Characteristics and Long-Term Outcome of Severe European Tick-Borne Encephalitis: A Prospective Cohort Study

MethodsA cohort of 111 TBE patients (median age 51, range 17–75 years; 42% females) was analysed prospectively. Data were acquired from the department of neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and the infectious diseases registry of the Robert-Koch institute Berlin. Neurological status was ascertained by protocol at admission and discharge and the degree of disability was scored using the modified RANKIN Scale (mRS; clinical score addressing neurological disability, range from 0, healthy to 6, dead) at admission and at follow-up. Follow-up examination was conducted by means of a telephone interview. To identify independent predictors for severe TBE and functional outcome, modelled logistic regression was performed. MRI changes were correlated with infection variants. To assess alpha-motor neuron injury patterns, we used high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography (hrMRN). Analyses were performed at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, University of Heidelberg from April 2004 through September 2014ResultsAcute course: 3.6% of patients died during the acute infection. All patients with a lethal course suffered from meningoencephaloradiculitis (MER, 14.4% of the cohort), which is associated with a significantly higher risk of requiring intensive care (p = 0.004) and mechanical ventilation (p<0.001) than menigoencephalitis (ME, 27.9% of the cohort). At admission, both MER and ME groups were severely affected, with the MER group having a statistically higher mRS score (median of 5 in the MER groups versus 4 in the ME group; p<0.001). Long-term outcome: outcome for MER was considerably worse (median mRS = 4) than for ME (mRS = 1, p<0.0001) and meningitis (mRS = 0, 57.7% of the cohort). Risk factors: advanced age (p<0.001) and male gender (p = 0.043) are independent risk factors for a severe infection course. Furthermore, we identified pre-existing diabetes mellitus (p = 0.024) as an independent risk factor for MER. In MER, alpha-motor neuron injury accounts for the poor prognosis confirmed by hrMRN.

Conclusion and Relevance

These data provide critical information for neurologists and other health professionals to use in evaluating TBEV patients who live in or travel to endemic areas. This information can be used to classify clinical presentation and estimate infection-associated complications and individual prognosis. Furthermore, the risk for severe, disabling infections in older patients should prompt general practitioners to recommend and encourage vaccination to those patients living in or travelling to endemic areas.     

Knowledge,place, and power: geographies of value in the bioeconomy

The idea that there is an emerging “bioeconomy” characterized by the capture of the latent value found in biological material (e.g. cells, tissues, plants, etc.) has become a popular policy agenda since the mid-2000s. A number of scholars have also written about this intersection between the life sciences and capitalism, often drawing on anthropological and sociological perspectives to conceptualize the new socialities, subjectivities, and identities brought about by new biotechnologies. While these studies are undoubtedly a fruitful academic enterprise, they have also left a gap in our understanding of the bioeconomy because they have not discussed knowledge or knowledge production. This article focuses on this immaterial side of the bioeconomy, exploring the geographies of value in the bioeconomy that are constituted by intangible and immaterial resources and labor. The core argument is that value in the bioeconomy is created from geographical processes that both embed immateriality in particular places and, at the same time, abstract it in global standards and regulations.     

微创小切口主动脉瓣置换术对主动脉瓣狭窄患者临床效果、心功能及术后时间的影响

目的:探讨微创小切口主动脉瓣置换术对主动脉瓣狭窄患者临床效果、心功能及术后时间的影响。方法:选择2017年5月-2018年11月我院收治的98例患者,随机分为观察组(n=49)和对照组(n=49)。对照组患者给予传统开胸主动脉瓣置换术,观察组患者给予微创小切口主动脉瓣置换术。观察比较两组临床疗效,心功能指标变化,术后时间变化。结果:观察组有效率为93.88%,明显高于对照组71.43%,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期直径(LVEDD)、平均跨瓣压差(MVPG)明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术室间隔厚度(IVST)高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后机械通气时间,ICU时间,住院时间明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:微创小切口主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣狭窄临床疗效显著,可有效改善患者心功能,缩短治疗时间,提高患者生活质量,值得推广应用。     

先天性心脏病患儿术前营养不良的危险因素分析及其对术后临床结局、免疫功能和生存质量的影响

摘要 目的：分析先天性心脏病（CHD）患儿术前营养不良的危险因素,并观察术前营养不良对患儿术后临床结局、免疫功能和生存质量的影响。方法：选取2020年1月-2022年6月期间江苏省人民医院收治的65例CHD患儿,采用世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的美国国家卫生统计中心制订的相关营养诊断标准评估CHD患儿的营养情况,统计CHD患儿术前营养不良发生率,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析CHD患儿术前营养不良的危险因素,并观察术前营养不良对患儿术后临床结局、免疫功能和生存质量的影响。结果：本次研究入选的患儿中,有31例出现术前营养不良,34例无营养不良。根据患儿的营养状况将患儿分为营养不良组（n=31）和非营养不良组（n=34）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：出生时体质量偏低、母亲有焦虑情况、母亲有抑郁情况是CHD患儿术前营养不良的危险因素,母亲主动获取疾病知识则是其保护因素（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）,营养不良组的住院时间长于非营养不良组,住院费高于非营养不良组（P<0.05）。两组术后3个月CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺升高,CD8⁺下降,且非营养不良组的改善效果优于营养不良组（P<0.05）。两组术后3个月术前沟通问题、心脏问题和症状、治疗焦虑、感知身体外貌、认知心理问题评分均升高,且非营养不良组的改善效果均优于营养不良组（P<0.05）。结论：出生时体质量偏低、母亲有焦虑情况、母亲有抑郁情况是CHD患儿术前营养不良的危险因素,而母亲主动获取疾病知识是CHD患儿术前营养不良的保护因素。术前营养不良会导致CHD患儿术后免疫功能下降,生存质量降低,临床结局相对偏差。     

Modernity,Cultural Anesthesia,and Sensory Agency: Technologies of the Listening Self in a US Collegiate Jazz Music Program

In this article, I rely on Michel Foucault's notion of ‘technologies of the self’ to theorize the micro-practices by which individuals actively negotiate the reconfiguration of their sensory skills as a result of modernization processes. In doing so, I draw on ethnographic fieldwork I conducted in a collegiate jazz music program in the USA. By exploring a number of interactional games in which jazz students attempt to negotiate the challenge of cultivating aural skills in a pedagogical context that embraces visually mediated modes of knowledge production and transmission as a result of the professionalization and rationalization of jazz training, I inquire into the conditions of possibility for sensory agency under modernity.