芫荽花再生植株及离体快速繁殖

1植物名称芜萎（Coriandrumsativum）,又名胡美,俗称香菜。2材料类别幼嫩花蕾和幼芽。花蕾取自新乡郊区菜园内,刚出现一个花蕾的芜萎苗。幼芽取自本校菜市场的芜萎幼苗。3培养条件花蕾诱导愈伤组织培养基：门）MS＋2,4～D2．omg·t－‘（单位下同）＋6－BAO．3＋NAAO．2;（2）MS＋2,4－－D0．2＋6－BA0．2＋NAA2．0;（3）MS＋2,4－－DI．0＋6－BA0．5＋KT0．2;（4）MS＋6－BA0．7＋NAAI．5＋KT0．1;（5）MS＋2,4－－DI,5十6－BA0．7＋NAA0．2;（6）MS＋2,4－－D0．4十NAAI．0＋KT0．工。芽分化培养基：…     

不同激素对伊贝母组织培养中染色体不稳定性的研究

伊贝母鳞茎培养在附加2,4—D、IAA、NAA和2,4—D+KT、IAA+KT、NAA+KT的MS培养基上(2,4—D、IAA、NAA1毫克/升,KT0.1毫克/升),研究了愈伤组织细胞染色体的变异及愈伤组织的分化和再生植株的染色体倍性。结果表明,2,4—D能有效地引起染色体数目的变化,当和KT结合使用时,可诱导高频率的多倍化细胞。IAA的作用次之,NAA较小。各种激素均能程度不同地引起各种类型的有丝分裂异常及染色体结构变异,其效应与对染色体数目变异的影响呈现明显的一致性。研究还得出,染色体的整倍性是愈伤组织得以分化的重要因素,所以再生植株主要是二倍体,也有少量的四倍体,混倍体仅占少数。根据实验结果,对染色体变异的原因以及染色体数目变异与愈伤组织分化的关系进行了讨论。     

从玉米幼穗再生完整植株

1.植物名称玉米(Zea mays L.)本所杂粮室配制的“肖纱3-2×330”杂交种。 2.材料类别田间生长植株的幼穗(穗长10毫米),切成2～3毫米切段。 3.培养条件诱导愈伤组织培养基为N_6,每升加2,4-D2毫克,NAA0.5毫克或2,4-D2毫克、BA3毫克、KT2毫克、NAA0.5毫克。分化培养基也为N_6,每升加BA2毫克,     

紫云英叶片及叶肉原生质体的培养

本工作研究了豆科植物紫云英的叶片及叶肉原生质体的培养。叶片培养实验表明,诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基为MS加1.0-2.0毫克/升2,4-D和0.25毫克/升KT;诱导根分化需加1.0—5.0毫克/升NAA和0.5毫克/升BA;而苗分化则以0—0.5毫克/升IAA和0.5毫克/升BA为好。高浓度的NAA有利于根分化而抑制茎芽形成;高浓度的IAA对根和芽分化都有抑制作用。叶肉原生质体分离和培养试验表明,紫云英叶肉原生质体的释放及其培养活力受叶龄、植株生理状态和酶浓度的影响。叶肉原生质体在改良的KM8P培养基中能分裂。用改良KM8细胞培养基定期稀释,可使分裂持续进行而得到细胞团。BA和2,4-D为诱导紫云英叶肉原生质体分裂所必需。其最佳组合激素为BA 0.21毫克/升和2,4-D 1.13毫克/升。葡萄糖作为渗透压稳定剂时,其浓度明显影响原生质体的存活率。弱光条件下培养比黑暗培养有利于叶肉原生质体分裂。由叶肉原生质体形成的愈伤组织能形成瘤状结构和根。     

珍稀濒危植物蒙古扁桃的组织培养及植株再生

对珍稀濒危植物蒙古扁桃进行组织培养获得再生植株。实验结果表明,在MS培养基上蒙古扁桃幼苗茎尖,茎切段和叶片等外植体均可以脱分化形成愈伤组织,并进一步分化形成再生植株。器官的脱分化与再分化决定于培养基中的激素种类及其浓度。诱导愈伤组织形成的最适培养基为MS＋6－BA0.8mg/L NAA0.1mg/L,芽分化诱导最适培养基为MS＋6－BA0.8mg/L,诱导生根的最适培养基是MS＋IBA0.5mg/L。     

狼尾草成熟种子的无菌播种与组织培养

1植物名称狼尾草[Pennisetum alopecuroides（L.）Spreng.]。 2材料类别成熟种子。 3培养条件（1）种子萌发及愈伤组织诱导培养基：MS＋2,4-D3mg.L^-1（单位下同）＋KT1;（2）分化培养基：MS＋2,4．D2＋6－BA3;（3）生根培养基：1／2MS。     

小麦幼穗胚性愈伤组织诱导及分化过程中内源激素的作用

2,4-D的浓度及诱导时间的长短影响出愈率和早期体胚的形成,6－BA0．25mg／L或KT0．5mg/L抑制胚性愈伤组织的诱导及分化。胚性能力较强外植体的内源激素含量较高,同时分化过程中胚性愈伤组织的ABA、IAA含量高于非胚性意伤组织,而GA3含量则低于非胚性愈伤组织。     

小麦(Triticum aestivum)幼叶愈伤组织的诱导及器官的形成

小麦发芽四天的第一片幼叶切段在含有2,4-D 并略加修改的 PRL-4培养基上,可以形成愈伤组织,并由愈伤组织生根、出苗形成再生植株。愈伤组织出现频率及生长速度与叶段部位及2,4-D 浓度有关。在2,4-D 浓度4ppm 以内,能诱导产生愈伤组织的部位是从基部至其上1 cm 左右的区域。激动素(KT)和6-苄基腺嘌呤(BA)均明显抑制愈伤组织的形成。解剖学观察表明愈伤组织来源于维管束鞘部位细胞的分裂。最后讨论了小麦叶肉原生质体培养未能成功的原因。     

玄参组织培养植株再生

材料名称:玄参(Scrphularia mingpoensis) 材料类别:幼叶、芽培养条件:愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+NAA2(mg/l,下同)+BA0.2,及MS+2,4-D2+KT0.2,分化培养基为N_6+BA2+NAA0.2和MS+BA2+KT1+NAA0.2。生根培养基为简易培养基(1050     

太白米组织培养的研究

太白米地下鳞茎在MS附加不同浓度KT、BA、IAA、NAA、2,4－D的培养基上,可诱导产生愈伤组织,其中在MS附加NAA 0.5mg/L,KT0.1mg/L的培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,可达65％,且生长快;培养在MS附加2,4－D 1.0mg/L,KT 0.1mg/L培养基上的鳞茎可经不定根直接发育成新的鳞茎,由此建立了太白米的鳞茎再生体系,鳞茎再生率达2．17倍。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism